1) metalinguistic skills are thought to develop _________ the primary skills of speaking
and listening
a.well before
b.just before
c.concurrently with
d.after
2) when we say that languages differ in their degree of differentiation of semantic
domains, we mean that:
a.speakers of different languages think about words in different ways
b.speakers of different languages use different words to express themselves, but think in
similar ways
c.there are more words in a given domain in some languages than in others
d.it is fundamentally impossible to translate certain words and expressions from one
language to another
3) the shared understanding of those involved in a conversation (that is, person a knows
x and b knows x and a knows that b knows x) is referred to as:
a.conversational conventions
b.informational convergence
c.dyadic empathy
d. common ground
4) information that is being processed by the cognitive system is temporarily held in
________ memory.
a.permanent
b.episodic
c.semantic
d.working
5) a criticism of the pragmatic theory of figurative language comprehension is that:
a.literal meanings always precede figurative meanings
b.figurative meanings are slower to comprehend than literal meanings
c.people can comprehend a figurative meaning even if the literal meaning is acceptable
d.literal meanings violate communicative convention
6) object permanence refers to:
a.the use of an object in a symbolic manner
b.understanding that an object exists even if it cannot be perceived
c.infants use of an object, such as a rattle, to get adult attention
d.the concepts that infants and children use to organize their experience
7) the majority of profoundly deaf children learn asl from:
a.their parents
b.their peers
c.their siblings
d.poorly-funded school enrichment programs
8) the names for numbers 11 and 12 are dissimilar to the names for the numbers 1 and 2
in:
a.all languages
b.english
c.chinese
d.eskimo
9) a ________ is a structural representation of the linguistic relationships within a
sentence.
a.minimal attachment
b.class inclusion
c.convention
d.phrase marker
10) hakuta and bialystok (2001) argued against the concept of a critical period for
second-language (l2) acquisition. they argued that:
a.even though earlier immigrants show greater l2 proficiency, there was a sharp break at
15 years of age
b.younger and older learners differ in cognitive development, and perhaps in the
cognitive strategies they use in l2 learning
c.the sheer amount of practice that adults receive in l2 is far greater than that received
by children
d.adults fears and attitudes about second language learning strongly affects their l2
acquisition
11) the principle that prevents lexical information from being stored redundantly is
called:
a.intersection search
b.semantic priming
c.taxonomic relationship
d.cognitive economy
12) according to lakoff (1975), women use tag questions:
a. more than men
b.the same amount as men
c.less often than men
d.less often than men, but rarely when speaking with other women
13) according to bever (1980), experienced musicians have a greater tendency than
novices to show _____ advantages for _____.
a.left-ear, music
b.right-ear, music
c.left-ear, speech
d.right-ear, speech
14) flege (1991) examined sounds that are hardest and easiest for second language (l2)
learners to pronounce. he found that l2 learners do ______ on sounds that are very
different from those in their native language, and ________with those that are
moderately similar.
a.better; worse
b.worse; better
c.better; the same
d.worse; the same
15) the best example of the agent and action semantic relation in two-word speech is:
a.that box
b.adam fall
c.allgone truck
d.sit bed