1) children sometimes use sentences such as see window and shake hands early in
language development. according to the parameter setting view, they do so because:
a.they initially assume that sentences without subjects are grammatical
b.they do not have the processing capacity to produce all of the
grammatical elements of the utterance
c.they prefer to begin utterances with an action word
d.they have heard similar utterances from older siblings
2) the speech sounds [t], [d], and [s] are instances of:
a.voiced consonants
b.alveolar consonants
c.fricative consonants
d.stop consonants
3) according to a study by schacter et al (1991), which speakers tend to pause the most
during lectures?
a.social scientists
b.natural scientists
c.artists
d.humanists
4) metalinguistic skills appear to be a significant factor in the acquisition of reading,
particularly the awareness of:
a.lexical ambiguity
b.logography
c.phonological units
d.cohesive devices
5) semantic bootstrapping refers to childrens
a.preference for putting certain words in specific positions in a sentence
b.use of their knowledge of semantic relations to learn syntactic relations
c.understanding that either agents and objects can be the subjects of sentences
d.understanding that subjects are typically followed by predicates
6) the concept that a language contains a large number of meaningful words and also
contains a small number of elements that combine to form words is known as:
a.derivation
b.lexical insertion
c.phrase structure
d.duality of patterning
7) studies of self-interruptions during speech have found that we tend to interrupt and
correct ourselves:
a.immediately
b.at the end of the word in which the error occurred
c.after we have completed the current clause
d.after we have completed the current sentence
8) the type of cohesion in which we use an expression to refer back to something
previously mentioned in discourse is called ____ reference.
a.lexical
b.cataphoric
c.assimilative
d.anaphoric
9) a form of discourse that children do not experience outside of school is:
a.imitation-reply-evaluation sequence
b.language transfer
c.narrative skill
d.referential communication
10) the branch of science that focuses on the origin, structure, and use of language is:
a.psycholinguistics
b.philosophy
c.cognitive science
d.linguistics
11) frazier and rayner (1982) found evidence for the _______ strategy, showing that we
prefer attaching new items into the phrase marker being constructed using the fewest
syntactic nodes possible.
a.lexical preference
b.minimal attachment
c.immediacy
d.late closure
12) most of childrens early words:
a.refer to objects in the environment that do not move
b.refer to objects that the child cannot manipulate
c.refer to nominals and action words
d.refer to modifiers and function words
13) a structure in semantic memory that specifies the general or expected arrangement
of a body of information is called a:
a.discourse model
b.situational model
c.parsing mechanism
d.schema