Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology 7th Edition

Confidentiality and anonymity mean the same thing so they can be used interchangeably. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False What is the proper relationship between validity and reliability with respect to field research? a. field research is weak on validity but strong on generalizability b. field research is strong on validity and strong on

In the classical experiment subjects are measured on the independent variable before the experiment begins and again after the dependent variable has been manipulated by the researcher. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Which of the following statistical techniques relies upon testing in the null hypothesis? a. mean b. chi square c. range d. median Answer: b Answer:

While the linear regression model is important for descriptive purposes, its predictive value is limited. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Marvin Wolfgang's study of males born in Philadelphia in 1945 was an attempt to measure delinquency by following those males from their 10thbirthday until they were 18. This is an example of

A good way to avoid sampling bias in the assessment of public opinion about a specific criminal justice topic is to employ the use of a radio call-in show since those who call radio talk shows represent everyone in the population. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False When the actual distance that

Qualitative data analysis usually begins with data management and reduction. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The size of the sample and the standard error are related in which of the following ways? a. the standard error is not related to the size of the sample b. when the sample size increases so does

Which of the following would not be an example of an evidence-based policy? a. the use of CCTV in public entertainment districts to reduce property crime b. acquaintance rape of college students c. underage drinking d. Compstat Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Which of the following is accurate with respect to field research? a. field research can only

Interviews in field research which are somewhat structured (as opposed to unstructured) would be appropriate for use on which group? a. death row inmates b. juveniles c. police officers d. criminals Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Causally related can also be expressed as a. one relies upon the other b. one precedes the other c. one causes the other d. none of

UCR crime data is reported broken down into how many parts? a. one whole report b. two parts c. four different sections d. three parts Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group the design is said to be: a.

Which of the following does not represent a criterion for causality? a. there is a correlation between the cause and the effect b. the cause precedes the effect in time c. the change in the effect is not caused by some third variable d. it is not necessary for two variables to be correlated

In this role the researcher observes some location or process without becoming a part of it in any way? a. complete participation b. complete observer c. participant-as-observer d. observer-as-participant Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The most widely used measures of crime are based on police records and are commonly referred to as: a. crimes known to police b. victimless crimes c. unreportable

Which of the following is true concerning independent and dependent variables in classical experiments? a. a variable can be an independent in one experiment and a dependent in another b. once a variable is designated as an independent variable in one experiment, it can never be used as a dependent variable in

Which of the following are social artifacts? a. citizen attitudes about the death penalty b. police crime reports c. cities with over 250,000 inhabitants d. months of the year Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b In case-oriented research a large number of cases are examined in order to understand a small number of variables. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer:

According to the textbook, which two series of crime measures seek to assess the magnitude, nature, and impact of crime in the Nation? a. UCR and NIBRS b. UCR and NCVS c. UCR and Part I Crimes d. UCR and ADAM Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in

The National Crime Victimization Survey prevents researchers of the public from having information on a victim's a. age b. relationship to an offender c. place of residence d. gender Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c A qualitative interview involves participants and researchers: a. interaction b. negotiation c. data analysis d. none of the answers are correct Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a High dispersion of a

Which of the following is not a concern when a researcher uses an interrupted time-series design? a. reliability of experimental treatment b. history c. instrumentation d. construct validity Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a One way social science differs from our casual day-to-day inquiry is that it is: a. a conscious activity b. a subconscious activity c. a formal activity d. an

The operational definition of any variable is composed of: a. the hypothesis b. the content analysis c. manifest content d. attributes Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Which of the following are not efforts that you can employ as situational crime prevention techniques? a. keeping your car doors locked when you park b. using a steering wheel lock every time

Chapter_1 Crime Criminal_Justice and_Scientific_Inquiry Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 11 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.5 - 5 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 11 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.5 - 5 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 11 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.5 - 5

Chapter_10_Qualitative_Interviewing Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True 1. Qualitative interviews are based on a deliberate plan but are inherently flexible. a. True b. False ANSWER: True ANSWER: True ANSWER:

Chapter_11 Field_Research Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 299 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.6 - 6 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 299 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.6 - 6 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 299 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.6 - 6 1. Field

Chapter_12 Agency_Records Content_Analysis and_Secondary_Data Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 343 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 343 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 343 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4

Chapter_13 Evaluation_Research_and_Problem_Analysis Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 367 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 - 2 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 367 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 - 2 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 367 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 - 2 1. Like

Chapter_14 Interpreting_Data Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 404 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 - 3 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 404 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 - 3 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 404 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 - 3 True /

Chapter_2 Theory_and_Criminal_Justice_Research Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 33 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 - 1 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 33 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 - 1 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 33 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 - 1 1. Criminal

Chapter_3 Ethics_and_Criminal_Justice_Research Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 58 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 58 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 58 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4 True /

Chapter_4 General_Issues_in_Research_Design Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 89 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 - 1 RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 - 3 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 89 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 - 1 RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 - 3 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 89 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 - 1

Chapter_5 Concepts Operationalization and_Measurement Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 116 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 - 1 RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 - 2 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 116 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 - 1 RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 - 2 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 116 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1

Chapter_6 Measuring_Crime Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 145 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.5 - 5 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 145 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.5 - 5 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 145 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.5 - 5 True /

Chapter_7 Experimental_and_Quasi_Experimental_Designs Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 174 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 - 3 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 174 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 - 3 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 174 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 - 3 1. Experimentation

Chapter_8 Sampling Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 204 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 - 2 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 204 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 - 2 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 204 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 - 2 True /

Chapter_8 Sampling Powered by Cognero Page 12 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 213 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4 Powered by Cognero Page 12 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 213 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4 Powered by Cognero Page 12 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 213 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 - 4 45. The

Chapter_9 Survey_Research_and_Other_Ways_of_Asking_Questions Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 249 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.8 - 8 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 249 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.8 - 8 Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 249 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.8 - 8 1. Surveys

For fear of being sued, governmental agencies rarely keep records that document their actions and areas of responsibility. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Open Coding is also defined as: a. brainstorming b. data reduction c. ground theory d. qualitative note taking Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a An Internet Search is good for getting ideas about potential research topics

The "Chicago School" founded by Burgess and Park was influential in our understanding of why children failed in schools. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False A definition that spells out exactly how we plan to measure a variable is known as: a. operational definition b. measurement c. concept d. conceptualization Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a The key standards for measurement

In order for there to be no ethical considerations in doing criminal justice research, the researcher must do all of the following except a. ensure that participation in the study is voluntary b. make sure that no physical, emotional or psychological harm comes to the subjects c. adhere to either confidentiality or anonymity

Dr. Smith is doing an observational study in a local jail and discovers that inmates who are respectful to the correctional officers get more telephone calls than inmates who are disrespectful. What technique has been employed in the study? a. evaluation research b. inductive logic c. deductive logic d. theory construction Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Like

Police measurement of crime is imperfect because: a. people do not always report crimes to the police b. police do not always record crimes that become known to them c. police do not always record crimes that they observe d. all of the above Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d The relationship between policy analysis and program evaluation

Dr. Jones wanted to display the findings of the sentences given in his local courthouse on one summer day. If the sentences, displayed in months, were 10, 18, 24, 36, 18, 70, 30, then which of the following measures of central tendency is accurate? a. the mean is 24 b. the median

Random selection permits the researcher to link findings from a sample to the body of probability theory in order to estimate the accuracy of those findings. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Which of the following is not illustrative of the case study method? a. it is an in-depth analysis of one or

Sampling is used for two reasons, sometimes it is not necessary to collect data from all persons and it: a. is possible to collect data from all persons b. is statistically significant c. is often not possible to collect information from all persons d. makes research more valid Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Values of the dependant

You want to know why some states that have the death penalty as a punishment use it more than other states. In order to develop your design, you identify those states that have capital punishment and those that do not. Among those that do have capital punishment, you separate states

The Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics is the most comprehensive Bureau of Justice Statistics publication. It includes a multitude of data including all of the following except: a. characteristics of criminal justice agencies b. public opinion answers coming from the Gallup Poll c. complete crime data from all local police departments d. specific data

Four purposes of research are exploration, description, explanation, and application. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Summary statistics, or measures of central tendency, include the mode, mean and median. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Which of the following is an ethical question that needs to be addressed by the researcher? a. Are the scientific

Both structured and semi structured interviews have standardized questions. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Professor White asked his students to put the number of hours each studied for the final exam on a piece of paper and turn that paper in with the exam. The pieces of paper indicate that students

Every local and state enforcement agency: a. shares records among themselves b. maintains its own records c. transfers all information and data to the Internet d. destroys all information not pertinent to crime studies Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b A great way to make sense of qualitative data is through: a. thinking units b. mental blocks c. linear regression d. none

In order to conduct research involving non-human subjects a university must establish an institutional review board (IRB). a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Studying how people think is not an appropriate topic of study for a qualitative interview. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False During observation, if you choose to follow "the exception that