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Confidentiality and anonymity mean the same thing so they can be used interchangeably. a. True b. False What is the proper relationship between validity and reliability with respect to field research? a. field research is weak on validity but strong […]

In the classical experiment subjects are measured on the independent variable before the experiment begins and again after the dependent variable has been manipulated by the researcher. a. True b. False Which of the following statistical techniques relies upon testing […]

While the linear regression model is important for descriptive purposes, its predictive value is limited. a. True b. False Marvin Wolfgang’s study of males born in Philadelphia in 1945 was an attempt to measure delinquency by following those males from […]

A good way to avoid sampling bias in the assessment of public opinion about a specific criminal justice topic is to employ the use of a radio call-in show since those who call radio talk shows represent everyone in the […]

Qualitative data analysis usually begins with data management and reduction. a. True b. False The size of the sample and the standard error are related in which of the following ways? a. the standard error is not related to the […]

Which of the following would not be an example of an evidence-based policy? a. the use of CCTV in public entertainment districts to reduce property crime b. acquaintance rape of college students c. underage drinking d. Compstat Which of the […]

Interviews in field research which are somewhat structured (as opposed to unstructured) would be appropriate for use on which group? a. death row inmates b. juveniles c. police officers d. criminals Causally related can also be expressed as a. one […]

UCR crime data is reported broken down into how many parts? a. one whole report b. two parts c. four different sections d. three parts When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group […]

Which of the following does not represent a criterion for causality? a. there is a correlation between the cause and the effect b. the cause precedes the effect in time c. the change in the effect is not caused by […]

In this role the researcher observes some location or process without becoming a part of it in any way? a. complete participation b. complete observer c. participant-as-observer d. observer-as-participant The most widely used measures of crime are based on police […]

Which of the following is true concerning independent and dependent variables in classical experiments? a. a variable can be an independent in one experiment and a dependent in another b. once a variable is designated as an independent variable in […]

Which of the following are social artifacts? a. citizen attitudes about the death penalty b. police crime reports c. cities with over 250,000 inhabitants d. months of the year In case-oriented research a large number of cases are examined in […]

According to the textbook, which two series of crime measures seek to assess the magnitude, nature, and impact of crime in the Nation? a. UCR and NIBRS b. UCR and NCVS c. UCR and Part I Crimes d. UCR and […]

The National Crime Victimization Survey prevents researchers of the public from having information on a victim’s a. age b. relationship to an offender c. place of residence d. gender A qualitative interview involves participants and researchers: a. interaction b. negotiation […]

Which of the following is not a concern when a researcher uses an interrupted time-series design? a. reliability of experimental treatment b. history c. instrumentation d. construct validity One way social science differs from our casual day-to-day inquiry is that […]

The operational definition of any variable is composed of: a. the hypothesis b. the content analysis c. manifest content d. attributes Which of the following are not efforts that you can employ as situational crime prevention techniques? a. keeping your […]

Chapter_1 Crime Criminal_Justice and_Scientific_Inquiry Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 11 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.5 – 5 True / False 1. We live in a world of two realities; agreement and empirical. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: […]

Chapter_10_Qualitative_Interviewing Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True 1. Qualitative interviews are based on a deliberate plan but are inherently flexible. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 2. Studying how people think is not an appropriate topic of study for […]

Chapter_11 Field_Research Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 299 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.6 – 6 1. Field research is often associated with qualitative techniques. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 299 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 – 3 2. When […]

Chapter_12 Agency_Records Content_Analysis and_Secondary_Data Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 343 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 – 4 True / False 1. Agency records, secondary data and content analysis do not require direct interaction with research subjects. a. True b. […]

Chapter_13 Evaluation_Research_and_Problem_Analysis Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 367 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 – 2 1. Like survey designs and field studies, evaluation research refers to the research purpose not a specific research method. a. True b. False ANSWER: […]

Chapter_14 Interpreting_Data Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 404 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 – 3 True / False 1. Empirical research is first a logical rather than a mathematical operation. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 399 LEARNING […]

Chapter_2 Theory_and_Criminal_Justice_Research Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 33 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 – 1 1. Criminal Justice and human behavior can be studied scientifically. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 31 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 – 1 2. […]

Chapter_3 Ethics_and_Criminal_Justice_Research Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 58 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 – 4 True / False 1. Scientifically “perfect” research designs can be limited only by money and time constraints. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: […]

Chapter_4 General_Issues_in_Research_Design Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 89 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 – 1 RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 – 3 1. Science is the enterprise dedicated to exploring. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 84 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 – 1 […]

Chapter_5 Concepts Operationalization and_Measurement Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 116 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 – 1 RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 – 2 1. Conceptualization is the process by which we specify precisely what we mean when we use particular terms. a. […]

Chapter_6 Measuring_Crime Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 145 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.5 – 5 True / False 1. Researchers must decide on offenses, units and purposes before specifying measures of crime. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: […]

Chapter_7 Experimental_and_Quasi_Experimental_Designs Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 174 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.3 – 3 1. Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 169 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.1 – 1 […]

Chapter_8 Sampling Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 204 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 – 2 True / False 1. Sampling is often used when it is not possible to collect information from all persons you want to study and […]

Chapter_8 Sampling Powered by Cognero Page 12 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 213 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.4 – 4 45. The size of the sample and the standard error are related in which of the following ways? a. the standard error is not […]

Chapter_9 Survey_Research_and_Other_Ways_of_Asking_Questions Powered by Cognero Page 1 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 249 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.8 – 8 1. Surveys may be used for descriptive, explanatory and applied research. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 235 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: RMCJ.MAXF.11.2 – 2 […]

For fear of being sued, governmental agencies rarely keep records that document their actions and areas of responsibility. a. True b. False Open Coding is also defined as: a. brainstorming b. data reduction c. ground theory d. qualitative note taking […]

The “Chicago School” founded by Burgess and Park was influential in our understanding of why children failed in schools. a. True b. False A definition that spells out exactly how we plan to measure a variable is known as: a. […]

In order for there to be no ethical considerations in doing criminal justice research, the researcher must do all of the following except a. ensure that participation in the study is voluntary b. make sure that no physical, emotional or […]

Dr. Smith is doing an observational study in a local jail and discovers that inmates who are respectful to the correctional officers get more telephone calls than inmates who are disrespectful. What technique has been employed in the study? a. […]

Police measurement of crime is imperfect because: a. people do not always report crimes to the police b. police do not always record crimes that become known to them c. police do not always record crimes that they observe d. […]

Dr. Jones wanted to display the findings of the sentences given in his local courthouse on one summer day. If the sentences, displayed in months, were 10, 18, 24, 36, 18, 70, 30, then which of the following measures of […]

Random selection permits the researcher to link findings from a sample to the body of probability theory in order to estimate the accuracy of those findings. a. True b. False Which of the following is not illustrative of the case […]

Sampling is used for two reasons, sometimes it is not necessary to collect data from all persons and it: a. is possible to collect data from all persons b. is statistically significant c. is often not possible to collect information […]

You want to know why some states that have the death penalty as a punishment use it more than other states. In order to develop your design, you identify those states that have capital punishment and those that do not. […]

The Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics is the most comprehensive Bureau of Justice Statistics publication. It includes a multitude of data including all of the following except: a. characteristics of criminal justice agencies b. public opinion answers coming from the […]

Four purposes of research are exploration, description, explanation, and application. a. True b. False Summary statistics, or measures of central tendency, include the mode, mean and median. a. True b. False Answer: True Which of the following is an ethical […]

Both structured and semi structured interviews have standardized questions. a. True b. False Professor White asked his students to put the number of hours each studied for the final exam on a piece of paper and turn that paper in […]

Every local and state enforcement agency: a. shares records among themselves b. maintains its own records c. transfers all information and data to the Internet d. destroys all information not pertinent to crime studies A great way to make sense […]

In order to conduct research involving non-human subjects a university must establish an institutional review board (IRB). a. True b. False Studying how people think is not an appropriate topic of study for a qualitative interview. a. True b. False […]