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While the linear regression model is important for descriptive purposes, its predictive
value is limited.
a. True
b. False
Marvin Wolfgang's study of males born in Philadelphia in 1945 was an attempt to
measure delinquency by following
those males from their 10thbirthday until they were 18. This is an example of what type
of study?
a. cohort study
b. panel study
c. trend study
d. cross-sectional study
With regard to the UCR, one of the reasons that Part II offenses are counted only if an
arrest is made is:
a. that individual states have different definitions of crimes
b. that crimes are only relevant to researchers if an arrest is made
c. that the arrest serves to validate the criminal activity
d. none of the above
Evaluation research is designed to:
a. be cost effective
b. determine if a program is effective in its implementation
c. determine what the public policy should be
d. be published
Which of the following is not considered a special population that requires more careful
treatment?
a. prisoners
b. juveniles
c. mental patients
d. ethnic minorities
Systematic error would be found in what type of validity problem?
a. internal validity
b. statistical conclusion validity
c. external validity
d. construct validity
"Do you support the reduction of property taxes and the construction of a state prison
near Atlanta?" is an example
of what sort of question?
a. double-barreled
b. biased
c. negative
d. too long
Explicitly telling people that their participation is voluntary is
a. a necessary component of informed consent
b. a necessary component of confidentiality
c. a necessary component of anonymity
d. a necessary component to obtain grant funding
Which of the following statements is accurate?
a. to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research scientists will give a
placebo to the experimental group
b. to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research scientists will give the
experimental group the independent variable
c. to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research scientists will give a
placebo to the control group
d. there is no way to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research
Which of the following groups would be good candidates for snowball sampling when
doing field research?
a. patrol officers from your city
b. circuit court judges
c. active burglars
d. those arrested for auto theft in 2002 in New Jersey
Not only is it necessary to measure dependent variables in impact assessment, the
researcher also needs to measure the context within which the program is conducted.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not an example of a multistage cluster sample?
a. the British Crime Survey
b. the National Crime Victimization Survey
c. Uniform Crime Reports
d. polling data during an election year
Which of the following is an example of a panel study?
a. National Incident-based Reporting System
b. U.S. Census
c. National Crime Victimization Survey
d. Uniform Crime Reports
The idea that two variables must vary together (i.e. must be empirically correlated)is a
nomothetic explanation of
causality.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following represents voluntary participation?
a. giving small amounts of money to a subject
b. asking people on the street at the noon hour if they would like to participate in
research
c. using a class of students at the local college
d. full disclosure of research purpose with informed consent
Illogical reasoning is best illustrated by which of the following?
a. the weather has been good all month, so this weekend the weather will be good
enough to go to the beach
b. I have lost gambling for hours now, if I just pay a little longer I will win back what I
have lost
c. on my way to work I always ease through the stop sign at the corner of the school's
parking lot and since I
have never been hit there, I will continue to do that
d. the last two exams were easy, so there is no need for me to study for this exam
Please refer to the below scenario:
A friend of yours assigned a code of 1 to "male" and a code of 2 to "female" on the
variable gender. Your friend asked the computer to compute the average score on
gender. The computer printout contained the following information: mean = 1.38,
standard deviation = .432, median = 1.4 and mode = 1.0.
What is your friend's problem with the computer information?
a. asking for measures of central tendency on continuous variables
b. asking for measures of central tendency and dispersion on nominal variables
c. asking for the mode and the standard deviation in the same report
d. asking for measures of dispersion on continuous variables
Mode of data analysis depends on:
a. research objectives
b. analytical techniques
c. population being studied
d. types of notes taken
At what stage does problem analysis take place?
a. policy implementing
b. later study
c. program evaluation
d. policy making
In all but which of the following situations would a survey be the appropriate method of
gathering data?
a. assessing the community's attitudes about community policing
b. interviews with offenders in prison
c. evaluation of a new law that your state legislature is proposing
d. assessing the opinions of prosecutors and judges about court docket delays
Your college has implemented a new policy on campus regarding underage drinking.
You want to evaluate its effects. The purpose of your research is:
a. exploration
b. description
c. explanation
d. application
You count the number of students registered for your research methods class. This is an
example of:
a. objectivity
b. subjectivity
c. intersubjectivity
d. theory
Which of the following statements is usually true with respect to reading and
interpreting a bivariate percentage table?
a. percentages are listed across the top and along the sides are the subgroup
comparisons
b. the researcher has the right to arrange a bivariate percentage table in any manner he
or she chooses
c. percentages can only be used going down the side of the table
d. subgroup comparisons can only be used going across the top of the bivariate
percentage table
Qualitative interviewing by its very nature is:
a. subjective
b. objective
c. hard
d. easy
The classical experiment makes it possible to satisfy this criterion for cause in two
ways. First, the posttest measures for the experimental group (stimulus present) are
compared with those for the:
a. control group (stimulus not present)
b. random group (stimulus not present)
c. variable group (stimulus not present)
d. none of the above
Many criminal justice measures are imprecise, so reporting approximate values is:
a. often necessary
b. often preferable
c. undesirable
d. unacceptable
Because low marital adjustment should lead to divorce, Professor Quinn checked his
measure of marital adjustment by examining whether couples with low martial
adjustment scores later obtained divorces. This illustrates the use of:
a. criterion-related validity
b. face validity
c. content validity
d. construct validity
Which of the following is not an example of nonpublic agency records?
a. the FBI's publication of the Uniform Crime Reports
b. information from a local police department concerning the number of crimes that
happened within the past month
c. a prison's collection of files dealing with inmates currently in their custody
d. a county courthouse's records on defendants tried within the last six months
If we consider the theft of $20 from a poor person to be more serious than the theft of
$2,000 from a wealthy oil company CEO, victim wealth, in this case, could be
considered a(n):
a. influencing attribute
b. mitigating circumstance
c. dimension
d. indicator
