Archives: Quiz

Which of the following is TRUE? a. Every state and the federal government now have statutes that mandate DNA testing of all incarcerated felons. b. Every state and the federal government now have statutes that mandate DNA testing of all […]

The term “due process revolution” refers to the: a. Supreme Court’s expansion of individual rights in the 1960s. b. civil unrest that swept the U.S. in the 1960s. c. passage of the Fourteenth Amendment. d. adoption of the fundamental fairness […]

In California v. Acevedo (1991), the Court ruled that officers with probable cause but without warrants can search containers inside vehicles: a. never ” this is not permissible. b. only with apparent authority consent. c. only with actual authority consent. […]

Which of the following is NOT one of the three variables included by psychologists in the Manson reliability test of eyewitness identification? a. The eyewitness’s opportunity to view the criminal. b. The amount of attention the witness paid to the […]

According to the Supreme Court’s decision in Miranda v. Arizona, waiver of the Miranda rights may be presumed either by silence following warnings or from an eventual confession. a. True b. False The Fourth Amendment: a. has a specific provision […]

The court’s holding is: a. also called a judgment. b. found in the case’s procedural history. c. the legal rule the court applied to the facts of the case. d. the also called the majority opinion. Research by psychologists shows […]

Although it is the highest court in the land, the U.S. Supreme Court depends on local courts and the police to apply its decisions to daily situations. a. True b. False There is consensus today that it is possible to […]

According to Justice William Brennan, by the 1970s, the incorporation doctrine had virtually no impact on law. a. True b. False The U.S. Supreme Court has used the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment to extend most of the […]

This sophisticated drug used in some murders is difficult to detect once the body has been prepared for burial. a. oxycodone b. morphine c. caffeine d. potassium chloride According to researchers, what is the social learning of violence a direct […]

This offender incurred a head injury that influenced him to believe that he had psychic powers that caused women to fall in love with him. He and his partner killed about 20 victims before being caught and executed. a. Clark […]

With the exception of those who murder their families, mass murderers appear to _____. a. plan their attack like serial murderers b. give little thought or concern to capture or death c. commit their crimes in private places d. plan […]

What is the act or fantasy of engaging in sexual activity with prepubescent children as a preferred means of achieving sexual gratification and/or arousal? a. fetishism b. pedophilia c. sexual masochism d. zoophilia Stereotypes of serial murderers that have formed […]

According to Hickey, which of the following is the best response to reducing the number of serial murders? a. reduce violence in the home b. reduce the number of appeals filed by serial offenders c. provide appropriate therapy for traumatized […]

Which of the following characteristics are common to both mass and serial murderers? a. For both, murder is means of control over life. b. Both are usually arrested or killed at the crime scene. c. Both often commit suicide after […]

According to _____, the mind is constantly engaged in balancing the three-part personality structure of id, ego, and superego. a. Freud b. Hickey c. Fuller d. Hare Harold Shipman was convicted of killing how many victims? a. Between 200 and […]

How many members were in the largest group of team offenders identified? a. two b. nine c. five d. four Which can best be attributed to the term “insanity?” a. A diagnosis of insanity automatically follows a diagnosis of psychosis. […]

This offender was raised in a physically and sexually abusive home where he witnessed his alcoholic father raping his mother and sisters. He also engaged in sexually abusing his sisters and eventually ran away from home. He used hammers, knives, […]

What is the approximate average age of male serial offenders? a. early twenties b. late twenties c. early thirties d. late thirties Aki notes that the 95 percent homogeneity of Japan fosters a sense of _____. a. honor b. competition […]

According to Hickey, what is the most likely explanation for serial murder? a. organic brain pathology b. childhood traumatization c. mental illness d. role modeling This research suggests that crimes are more likely to occur closer to an offender’s domicile […]

Charles Cullen confessed to the murders of how many patients over a period of 16 years? a. 40 b. 13 c. 2 d. over 20 Who is at greatest risk of victimization in cases of serial murder? a. young women […]

The U.S. Supreme Court held that the probable cause standard is related to criminal investigations. The corpus _____________ rule requires that confessions be corroborated. Answer: delicti Describe the “Forfeiture by Wrongdoing” doctrine. Answer: In addition to the hearsay exceptions, most […]

In Illinois v. ____________, the Supreme Court allowed the use of drug dogs during routine traffic stops. Probationers and parolees have less Fourth Amendment protection than ordinary citizens. Answer: T The Supreme Court held in Fellers v. U.S. that once […]

The USA _______ACT of 2001 expanded the authority of government to use many of these measures in combating terrorism. Search and seizure protections are found in the ____________ Amendment. Answer: Fourth Explain the concept of community caretaking. What impact does […]

Unreasonable searches and seizures that violate the ___________ Amendment can trigger the federal exclusionary rule. The officer in a pretextual stop usually suspects the driver (or a passenger) of having committed, or being in the process of committing, a serious […]

One of the requirements for a statement to be defined as hearsay is that the statement is not offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement. Define administrative search warrants and the requirements of these types […]

In regards to the “Plain View” doctrine, any of the five human senses may provide information that makes it “immediately apparent” to the police that the object is evidence of a crime. Discuss the senses applicable to plain view and […]

The silent witness method is a means of authenticating a document. Law enforcement officers and other governmental officials cannot intrude into a “zone of _______” of a person to seize documents, writings, or records without a showing of proper authority. […]

_________________ indicates a crime has been committed. Government access to stored e-mails is not covered by federal law. Answer: F The Fourth Amendment applies to voluntary encounters. Answer: F The 1603 trial of William Penn sparked interest in reforming the […]

To be admissible, testimony must be relevant, competent, and ____________. The chance of misidentification is 1.56 times more likely where the witness and the suspect are members of a different race. Answer: T _________________ evidence is important in civil personal […]

Verifying driver’s licenses and vehicle registration Intercepting illegal aliens on border highways Apprehending fleeing criminals Thwarting terrorist activity or attack Police cannot set up roadblocks and stop vehicles for the purpose of searching them for illegal drugs or evidence of […]

In Foster v. CA, two lineups occurred with the suspect in both lineups. The courts held that this was a denial of ____________. Discuss the ways in which a person may alter a crime scene in order to obstruct officers […]

The _________ against self-incrimination is seen as crucial to our adversarial and accusatorial system of justice. Warrants must be issued by a neutral and ____________ magistrate or judge. Answer: detached The corpus delicti may be validly proven solely by circumstantial […]

It is a violation of the privilege against self-incrimination for a suspect to be required to speak at a lineup using the same words used by the perpetrator. Discuss the co-conspirator rule and provide an example. Answer: Most courts have […]

What are the principal methods used at trial to test the testimony of witnesses? How does allowing hearsay interfere with those methods? One of the requirements for a statement to be defined as hearsay is that the statement be assertive. […]

To have ___________ to challenge a police search, the person must have had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the place searched. What were the facts and holding of the U.S. Supreme Court in Katz v. U.S.? Why is this […]

Congress has passed laws making it a crime to receive or possess ____________________ from the Internet. Should there be a universal acceptance of a parent-child privilege? Why or why not? Answer: The student response should be based on the following […]

It is relatively easy for fingerprint experts to determine the age of a latent print. The courts found in State v. Burrell and In re Jerrell that the presence of _______ in juvenile matters was required. Answer: parents The hearsay […]

People have less Fourth Amendment protection at the international border than in the interior of the U.S. A person on probation has a “_________________” interest that justified the officer to stop and search. Answer: Diminished Privacy The U.S. Supreme Court […]

In terms of the problems they address, what do the rules against hearsay and Confrontation Clause have in common? Be sure to provide examples. What are the possible causes of mistaken eyewitness identification? Discuss each. Answer: In the 1960s, the […]

Many businesses, apartment buildings, schools and public places have _________ cameras, which can be used as sources of obtaining identification evidence. In a jury trial, it is the duty of the ____________ to assess the credibility of the witnesses and […]

In due process eyewitness identification cases, courts will look at the totality of the ____________. Terry stops are authorized only on probable cause. Answer: F One set of exceptions to the warrant requirement involves exigent circumstances. Answer: T Two requirements […]

Direct evidence is generally more powerful and convincing than circumstantial evidence. What types of checkpoints have been approved by the U.S. Supreme Court? What types of checkpoints have been disapproved by the Court? How does the Court distinguish checkpoints that […]

To qualify as an exception to the hearsay rule, the statement must have some indicia of reliability. Discuss three exceptions to the warrant requirement that would permit police to enter a home (where evidence might be seen in plain view). […]

Fingerprint evidence cannot pass the Daubert test. The courts have approved both ___________ and reasonable suspicion drug testing of peace officers. Answer: random Discuss and explain four exceptions to the warrant requirement. What are the prerequisites for each exception? Be […]

The special needs exceptions to the warrant requirement expand the power of government to search and seize. Brutality and violence are not consistent with due process. Answer: T Law officers cannot focus on a specific neighbourhood only because of its […]

After direct examination, a witness is subject to cross-examination by the opposing party. Searches of public school students by school officials on school grounds usually only require _____________ suspicion. Answer: reasonable The Fourth Amendment does not protect documents in public […]

Statements offered to prove which of the following would be hearsay? a. no knowledge of any information possessed by the defendant b. the declarant’s state of mind c. the effect of the statement on the hearer d. The declarant was […]

In U.S. v. Leon, the Supreme Court recognized a/n _____________ exception to the exclusionary rule. a. subjective good motives b. objective good faith c. abandoned property d. inevitable discovery If a person attempts to enter the U.S. from Mexico, in […]

According to the 2008 Columbia Law Review article entitled “Judging Innocence”, the leading cause of wrongful convictions was due to: a. Jury nullification b. Mistakes made by judges. c. Public defenders being unprepared. d. Erroneous identification by eyewitnesses. A police […]

Under the Federal Rules of Evidence and in a number of jurisdictions, which of the following is specifically defined as not being hearsay, even though it may appear to be hearsay? a. admission by a party opponent b. unsworn statements […]