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In ____________, the Supreme Court ruled that the Privileges or Immunities Clause did not prohibit a state from denying a woman a license to practice law. a. Twining v. New Jersey (1908) b. Minor v. Happersett (1875) c. Bradwell v. […]

In ______________, the Supreme Court upheld the Minnesota Mortgage Moratorium Act, finding that its provisions did not violate the Contracts Clause. a. Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934) b. Nebbia v. New York (1934) c.United States v. Butler […]

Chapter 1: Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Paraphrasing ________________, the Declaration of Independence (1776) declares the “unalienable” rights of man to be “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” a. Thomas Hobbes b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau c. John Locke d. Adam […]

Chapter 2: Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Americans of the eighteenth century, including those who wrote the Constitution and Bill of Rights, generally accepted the theory of ________________ as expounded by such philosophers as John Locke. a. natural rights b. […]

Chapter 3: Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. For a brief period during the administration of President John Adams, the national government sought to suppress public criticism through enforcement of the __________, passed by Congress in 1798. a. Seditious Libel Act […]

Chapter 4: Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. In his original draft of the Bill of Rights, _________________ proposed that state as well as federal establishments of religion be prohibited. a. Thomas Jefferson b. Alexander Hamilton c. James Madison d. John […]

Chapter 5: Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. In 1761, ___________ reviled the _______________ as “the worst instrument of arbitrary power, the most destructive of English liberty and the fundamental principles of law, that was ever found in an English law […]

Chapter 6: Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The _________________ protects the individual from unwarranted government interference in intimate personal relationships or activities. a. Fourth Amendment b. constitutional right of privacy c. Fourteenth Amendment Privileges and Immunities Clause d. Tenth Amendment […]

Chapter 7: Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. In Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. (1886), the Supreme Court held that the word “person” in the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment included _______________. a. blacks b. women […]

Chapter 8: Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The Twenty-Fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964, abolished _______ as prerequisites for voting in federal elections. a. literacy tests b. citizenship requirements c. residency requirements d. poll taxes 2. The voting age in all […]

Chapter 1 Constitutional Sources of Civil Rights and Liberties  CHAPTER OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION II. JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES A. Civil Suits B. Criminal Prosecutions III. RIGHTS RECOGNIZED IN THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION A. Trial by Jury B. […]

Chapter 2 Property Rights and Economic Freedom CHAPTER OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The Influence of John Locke B. Early Judicial Perspectives C. The Age of Conservative Activism D. Modern Judicial Perspectives on Economic Freedom II. THE CONTRACTS CLAUSE A. Key […]

Chapter 3 Expressive Freedom and the First Amendment  CHAPTER OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION II. INTERPRETIVE FOUNDATIONS OF EXPRESSIVE FREEDOM A. Incorporation of the Freedoms of Speech and Press B. Are the Protections of the First Amendment Absolute? 1. The Pentagon […]

Chapter 4 Religious Liberty and Church-State Relations  CHAPTER OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION II. INTERPRETIVE FOUNDATIONS OF THE RELIGION CLAUSES A. The Incorporation of the Religious Clauses B. What Constitutes Religion for First Amendment Purposes? 2. A Working Definition of Religion […]

Chapter 5 The Constitution and Criminal Justice  CHAPTER OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. Relevant Constitutional Provisions II. SEARCH AND SEIZURE A. Reasonable Expectations of Privacy 1. Technology and the Fourth Amendment B. Probable Cause 1. Consent Searches 2. Automobile Searches […]

Chapter 6 Personal Autonomy and the Constitutional Right of Privacy  CHAPTER OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. Philosophical Foundations of the Right of Privacy II. CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE RIGHT OF PRIVACY A. Substantive Due Process III. PROCREATION AND BIRTH CONTROL […]

Chapter 7 Equal Protection and the Antidiscrimination Principle  CHAPTER OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The “Equal Protection Component” of the Fifth Amendment II. LEVELS OF JUDICIAL SCRUTINY IN EQUAL PROTECTION CASES A. Minimal Scrutiny: The Rational Basis Test B. The […]

Chapter 8 Elections, Representation, and Voting Rights  CHAPTER OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The Democratization of America B. Policing the Democratic Process 1. Footnote 4 II. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN VOTING RIGHTS A. Grandfather Clauses B. The White Primary C. Literacy […]

In Frontiero v. Richardson (1973), the Supreme Court ruled that the Air Force violated the equal protection component of the Fifth Amendment in requiring women, but not men, to demonstrate that their spouses were in fact dependents for the purpose […]

In_________, the Supreme Court held that women had no constitutional right to vote. a.Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) b. Minor v. Happersett (1875) c. Goesaert v. Cleary (1948) d. None of the above is true. The Supreme Court’s decision in Roe […]

In Gomilion v. Lightfoot (1960) the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional an extreme form of a. the literacy test. b. the white primary. c. the grandfather clause. d. the racial gerrymander. First enacted by Mississippi in 1890 as a means of […]

Like the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments, the Fifteenth Amendment was an outgrowth of a. the Civil War. b. the Industrial Revolution. c. Shays’ Rebellion. d. the Spanish-American War. In Olmstead v. United States (1928), the Supreme court took a __________ […]

Which of the following has been held by the Supreme Court to violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment? a. The provision of legislative chaplains at state expense b. The public display of a city-owned crche c. A crche […]

___________ enables a court to review a custodial situation and order the release of an individual who is found to have been illegally incarcerated. a. The Writ of Mandamus b. Bills of Attainder c. The Writ of Habeas Corpus d. […]

The “__________” theory articulated in Everson v. Board of Education (1947) has, for the most part, been maintained by the Supreme Court. a. strict neutrality b. cultural diversity c. child benefit d. None of the above is true. In League […]

In _____________, the Court, rejecting a Contracts Clause challenge to a state law regulating natural gas prices, recognized that the prohibition of laws impairing the obligation of contracts must be balanced against a state’s “inherent police power to safeguard the […]

To pass the Lemon test, a law must, among other things, have a a. negative impact on organized religion. b. pro-religious slant. c. secular legislative purpose. d. tendency to promote and advance the expression of religious beliefs. The Framers of […]

The power of the government to take private property for a public purpose is known as a. eminent domain. b. fee simple. c. sovereign immunity. d.corpus juris maximus. Beginning in the late 1880s, the Supreme Court used substantive due process, […]

In __________________, the Supreme Court upheld an apportionment scheme for the Wyoming legislature based on county lines, even though the scheme had a population deviation of nearly 90 percent between the largest and the smallest districts. a. Hadley v. Junior […]