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Student Resource
Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook, 2nd Edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Lecture Notes
Chapter 10: Outlining Your Speech
Learning Objectives
1-1 Identify the parts of an outline
1-2 Develop a full sentence outline, adhering to appropriate form and structure
1-3 Prepare an extemporaneous outline or speaker’s notes from a formal outline
Outline
I. It is key to create an outline that will be useful for you when presenting your speech.
A. First create a working outline, then develop your full-sentence outline.
1. During the first stage, a preliminary working outline that contains a few words
to identify the key points of your speech is created.
a. A concept map can also be used to help transition from the preliminary
outline to the next stage—the full sentence outline.
2. Creating a full sentence outline marks the second stage.
a. This outline is created after all of the research has been completed and the
ideas contained in the preliminary outline have been fleshed out.
3. The final stage of the outline preparation process involves transforming the full
sentence outline into an extemporaneous outline.
a. The extemporaneous outline is also defined as the speaker’s notes.
B. The basic structure of an outline begins with the main points.
1. The ordering of main points should flow logically so that the audience can
follow the presentation easily.
a. Next, support your main points with subordinate points or subpoints.
1. The subordinate ideas or sub-points are the foundation on which the
larger ideas are created.
C. Your outline should consist of coordinate points.
1. All of the main points should be of equal weight or substance.
D. A quality outline exhibits parallelism.
Student Resource
Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook, 2nd Edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
1. The words, phrases, or sentences parallel each other or balance each
other mirroring the pattern used.
a. This helps the audience to process or remember the information
more effectively.
E. Effective outlines clearly label all parts.
1. By handling eaech of the parts of your speech separately, and labeling
them clearly, you take the steps necessary to improve the changes of
realizing the essential speechmaking objectives.
II. Your speech should be presented seamlessly with clarity and fluidity.
A. Transitions act as bridges from idea to idea within your speech.
1. Chronological transitions allow the listener to understand time
relationships.
a. Before, after, later, as the same time, while and finally
2. Contrasting transactions show how an idea differs from the one
before it.
a. But, on the one hand/on the other hand, in contrast, and in spite
of
3. Causal transitions show a cause-and-effect relationship between ideas.
a. Because, therefore, and consequently
4. Complementary transitions help the speaker add one idea to the next.
a. Also, next, in addition to, and likewise
B. An internal preview can be used to give the listener an indication of what to look
for in the speech.
1. Similarly, an internal summary can clarify or emphasize what has just
been said.
C. Signposts act as a signaling cue for listeners
1. For example, “finally” can signal the speech is coming to an end.
2. Signposts serve as a guide for receivers, focusing the spotlight on what
the speaker believes is most important.
III. After you have created your outline, it is key to practice your speech using your
outline.
A. Create an extemporaneous outline, or brief notes on your key points.
1. Contains the key parts of the speech and the support used to develop
each point.
2. Prepare extemporaneous outline after you have practiced delivering the
speech a few times using a more detailed outline.
Student Resource
Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook, 2nd Edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
3. Keep notes as brief as possible to avoid focusing too heavily on them.
4. Can include a number of delivery cues in the margins of the notecards
to help facilitate speaking smoothness.
5. Print or type in large block letters and use just a key word or two in
place of the complete sentences in your outline to remind you of your
main and subpoints.
