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Chapter 10
Architecture
Instructor’s Manual
Overview
In this chapter, introduce Architecture. Discuss architecture’s importance in our daily
lives, from our homes to our work and play places. Encourage students to think of
buildings they have experienced that are designed well.
Sub Headers
• The Art of Architecture
o The Architecture as Artist and Engineer: Planning
o Harmony of Exterior and Interior Design
o Harmony with Natural Setting
o Art to be lived in
o The Parthenon
o The Greek Orders
• Materials and Methods
o Earth, Clay, Brick
o Stone
o Wood
o Iron and Glass
o Steel and Glass
o Reinforced Concrete
o Mixed Building Materials
• Architecture is a Product of its Time and the Past
o Saint Peter’s
o Monticello
• Urban Planning
• Contemporary Approaches
Terms
adobe
arcades
barrel vaults
bearing wall
cage
capitals
colonnade
computer-aided design
elevations
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ferroconcrete
frame construction
groin vaults
perspectives
piazza
pointed arch
post-and-lintel
reinforced concrete
round arch
steel frame
volutes
Lecture #1
Discussion:
In Lecture #1, discuss the importance of design in a building. Speak both to the creative
elements of architecture and the engineering elements of architecture.
Class Questions/Prompts:
The Essential Art Form One of the basic human needs is shelter. Some theorists make
distinctions between architecture and mere shelters. Are all buildings considered
architecture? Is only architecture considered an art form? When are buildings considered
an art form and when are buildings not considered an art form?
Exercise #1
1. Analysis
a. Have students make observations on materials, methods,
cultural and historical context.
Figure 10-11 Iktinos and Kallikrates, rear view of the Parthenon,
Acropolis, Athens, Greece, 448-432 bce.
2. Compare and Contrast
Figure 10-3 FRANK GEHRY, Guggenheim Museum of Art, Bilbao,
Spain, 1997.
Figure 10-4 Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 687-692.
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Lecture #2
Discussion:
In Lecture #2, discuss architectural building materials and methods. Follow the text’s
structure in exploring materials and methods. Use examples from life and images from
the text.
Class Questions/Prompts:
Building Materials Identify the structural construction techniques that could be used in
with each of the following materials: Earth/Clay/Brick, Stone, Wood, Iron and Glass,
Steel and Glass, and Reinforced Concrete. Why are the construction techniques unique to
the specific materials?
The Skyscraper The Builders: Marvels of Engineering states that the skyscraper had its
origins in Chicago in the late 19th century, after the great Chicago fire. This was a result
of the presence of great engineers, a good economy, and premium urban space. Some
important early Chicago architects/skyscrapers are William Le Baron Jenney’s Leiter
Building and Home Insurance Building, John Root’s Rand-McNally Building and
Monadnock Building, the Tacoma Building by Holabird and Roche, and Louis Sullivan.
These early buildings only had between 10 to 20 stories, small in today’s standards for
skyscrapers and smaller than the Eiffel Tower but very innovative, inspiring the high
rises of today. The United States at one time was home to the tallest buildings in the
world, including Chicago’s Sears Tower at 1,732 feet and the Empire State Building in
New York City at 1,250 feet. Today, the Burj Dubai is the tallest building, at over 2,600
feet. Discuss all the engineering developments, such as the elevator, that have made the
skyscraper possible.
Exercise #2
1. Analysis
a. Have students make observations on materials, methods,
cultural and historical context.
Figure 10-16 Taos Pueblo, Taos, New Mexico.
2. Compare and Contrast
Figure 10-16 Taos Pueblo, Taos, New Mexico
Figure 10-32 Frank Lloyd Wright, Kaufman House (Fallingwater), Bear
Run, Pennsylvania, 1936-1939.