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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
Chapter 5 – Recordings: Streaming Sound
Chapter Outline
• Edison Introduces His Talking Machine
• Goldmark Perfects Long-Playing Records
• Paley Battles Sarnoff for Record Format
• Hi-Fi and Stereo Rock In
• Recording Industry at Work
• Concerts Bring In Essential Revenue
• Three Major Companies Dominate
• Music Sales and Licensing Drive Industry Income
Direct Sales
Music Licensing: ASCAP Versus BMI
• Music Industry Fights to Protect Content
Music Content Labeling
Overseas Music Piracy
Internet File Sharing
• Recording Industry Association Sues Downloaders
• U.S. Supreme Court Rules Against Illegal File Sharing
• Music Industry Wins Legal Action Against Downloader
• U.S. Justice Department Targets Megaupload
• Digital Technology Transforms Delivery
• Internet Brings New Obstacles and New Audiences
Suggested Activities, Discussions, and Exercises
1. Bring examples of different recording media to class (45, 78 and 33-1/3
rpm records, eight-track, cassette, CD, iPod), and discuss the evolution of
recording. If you have the facilities available in class, ask students to bring
in music they’ve downloaded to share.
2. Invite a representative from a local recording studio to discuss the
business and technology of music recording today. (Better yet, if you have
a relatively small class, plan a field trip to a recording studio.) If not,
perhaps invite a speaker from a local music store or music distributor.
3. Ask groups of students to debate recent controversies in the recording
industry (distributing a song over an online service, controversial music
lyrics, lip synching).
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
4. Assign your students to analyze a music video from a marketing and
promotion perspective. How does the video serve the artist? Will it help
the recording sell?
5. Ask each student to choose an invention or inventor mentioned in
Media/Impact, Chapter 5, do more research on that invention and on the
inventor or the company that developed the invention, and write a brief
paper in which they include revealing information not specifically included
in the textbook about the invention and/or the person or company.
Students can be asked to present the information in their papers to the
class or in an online discussion forum.
Activity Pages
Use the following activity pages as class handouts for exercises and to
accompany some of the classroom Ideas described above.
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
Shop for Music on the Internet
As an exercise, go “shopping” at a site that sells music to locate 10 new albums
you would like to buy. Be sure to record specific albums and their individual
costs, as well as the total cost for your choices. Be prepared to discuss how this
compares to online streaming costs and overall selection.
1. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
2. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
3. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
4. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
5. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
6. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
7. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
8. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
9. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
10. Name of recording:
Artist:
Cost:
-------------------------------------
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
Do Your Own Sound System Evaluation
After doing research—reading consumer audio publications, looking at new
products online, and talking with knowledgeable audio sales people—please
answer the following questions. Be prepared to share your research with the class
or write a brief paper.
1. What does your present sound system consist of? (You may list home, car, or
portable music devices.)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
2. How do your system components compare to the latest consumer technology?
3. How would you upgrade or replace your current system? (Explain your choices on the
back of the page, how much each would cost, and whether you think the cost would be
justified.)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4. Which of the new competing technologies and products do you think will survive 5
years or more? Why?
5. What is your prediction for the future of sound recording and playback technology?
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
Recording Industry Guest Speaker
Invite a person who plays in a band, works in a local recording studio, at a music
store, as a disk jockey or in some other facet of the recording industry to class.
Make up a list of questions to ask (the following are suggestions to get you
started) and be prepared to discuss the answers in class or to write a brief paper.
• What is the proper spelling of your
name and job title?
• Where do you work? How long have
you worked there? What do you do?
• How large is your company? Who
started it and when?
• How did you come to do what you’re
doing now? What brought you to where
you are now?
• What kinds of musical changes have
taken place in the industry since you
have worked in it?
• What kinds of technological changes
have taken place in the industry since
you started working in it?
• Who are the people who buy your
product?
• If you work in a recording studio,
explain how people come to use your
studio, what it costs, and what happens
to the music they record there.
• If you work in a music store or some
other part of the industry, explain how
people use your products or services.
• What kinds of music or artists are most
popular now?
• What kinds of music do you expect to
be popular in five years? Ten years?
• Which of the new competing
technologies and products do you think
will survive 5 years or more?
• What is your prediction for the future of
audio recording and playback
technology?
• What are some of your industry’s
biggest challenges for the next 10
years?
• What do you like best about your job?
What do you like least?
• Do you use the Internet to promote
recordings of your station or store?
How?
• How do you envision your business
growing and changing in the next 50
years?
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
Chapter 5 Quiz
Multiple Choice
1. The inventor of the phonograph in 1877 was:
a. Emile Berliner.
b. Joseph Maxfield.
c. Peter Goldmark.
d. Thomas Edison.
2. The man who created the long-playing record was:
a. Emile Berliner.
b. Thomas Edison.
c. Peter Goldmark.
d. William S. Paley.
3. Which of the following is true?
a. The first records were 45 rpm.
b. The 45 rpm was David Sarnoff’s idea.
c. Thomas Edison designed the first jukebox.
d. All of these are true.
4. What is Jammie Thomas’ claim to fame?
a. She was the first person to be legally fined for music piracy.
b. He founded Motown Records.
c. She was a member of The Supremes.
d. He invented LPs.
5. The most threatening widespread type of piracy for the industry is:
a. copying of prerecorded music in the United States and its sale overseas.
b. copying of prerecorded music overseas and its sale in the United States.
c. when disc jockeys accept copied music for radio station play.
d. theft of masters from the recording companies.
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
6. The two licensing companies that handle most of the rights to play
music for broadcast are:
a. ASCAP and Matsushita.
b. BMI and Sony.
c. Billboard and Time Warner.
d. ASCAP and BMI.
7. Napster was ordered to shut down in 2001 for:
a. blanket licensing.
b. direct sales.
c. copyright infringement.
d. technological imperfections.
8. Many recording music groups say they make the bulk of their money
from:
a. CD sales.
b. television appearances.
c. concert performances.
d. Internet sales.
9. Because of file sharing, the Recording Industry Association of America
(RIAA) has:
a. developed recordings that cannot be copied.
b. sued individuals who downloaded music.
c. successfully stopped all music downloading.
d. encouraged reform of the musical licensing system.
10. Which of the following events is evidence that the recording industry
prefers self-regulation rather than government regulation of music
recording lyric content?
a. the formation of ASCAP in 1914
b. the formation of BMI in 1939
c. the adoption of a rating system and voluntary warning labels by the recording
industry, beginning in the 1980s
d. Recording Industry Association of America lawsuits in 2003 against individuals
engaged in file sharing
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
True/False
1. BMI was founded in part to avoid having to pay royalties to ASCAP.
a.
True
b.
False
ANS: T
2. The development of stereo tape recording made it possible to mix
performances recorded at different times and places.
3. The music industry, because of its popular appeal, has gained in profitability
with the development of Internet technology.
4. According to the Impact/Money box, “How Does the Recording Industry Earn
Money?,” profits are generated approximately 50-50 between physical and digital
sales.
5. Finding new artists and new songs is a function of the marketing and
promotion unit of a company in the recording industry.
Essay Questions
1. What do the following parts of the recording industry do?
a. A&R
b. Operations
c. Distribution
2. Explain what the term “file sharing” means and how it has affected the
economy of the music industry.
3. Provide a brief description of the development of the 78 rpm, 45 rpm, and
33-1/3 rpm record formats and the competition among them. Mention the
advantages and disadvantages of each for their time, and give credit to
the individuals who developed and promoted each format.
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
4. Discuss how the battle between media moguls David Sarnoff and William
Paley contributed to the development of long playing records.
5. Describe the development of legal music downloading from the Internet.
Mention the forms in which it is available to date and name at least one
company that provides each form. Mention the landmark event that may
shift the Internet downloading emphasis from free file sharing to legal
purchase of music through the Internet.
