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© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
Chapter 16 – Global Media: Communicating
Change
Chapter Outline
• World Media Systems Vary
• Five Political Theories Describe How World Media Operate
The Soviet Theory
The Authoritarian Theory
The Libertarian Theory
The Social Responsibility Theory
The Developmental Theory
• Western Europe and Canada Are Similar to the U.S.
Print Media
Broadcast Media
• Eastern Europe Is in Transition
Print Media
Broadcast Media
• Middle Eastern and North African Media Work Under Government
Controls
Print Media
Broadcast Media
• African Media Find a New Voice
Print Media
Broadcast Media
• Media Explode in Asia and the Pacific
Japan
Australia
India
People’s Republic of China
• Government, Corporations and Dynasties Control Latin American
and Caribbean Media
Print Media
Broadcast Media
• International New York Times Seeks a Global Audience
• Critics Cite Western Communications Bias
• Internet Expands Media’s Global Reach
• Mobile Media Open Communications Channels
• Reporters Risk Lives to Report World Events
• Global Media Chase International Consumers
• Ideas Transcend Borders
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
Suggested Activities, Discussions, and Exercises
1. Ask students to read three articles on media in a country of their choice.
Make sure each student is researching a different country. Then ask them
to summarize what they’ve learned and bring the articles to class. Group
students in regional discussion panels and ask each group to present its
findings about the region the group studied.
2. Invite at least one international student to class to discuss the media
system in his or her country. As an alternative, perhaps find a faculty
member from another country or one who has just returned from a trip
overseas and would be willing to share relevant information with your
students.
3. Assign the students to read an English-language news website published
outside the United States. Ask them to write a short paper explaining their
perception of the publication’s purpose, editorial content, design quality
and so on.
4. Assign students to each find and watch an entertainment television
program (sitcom, drama, non-news talk show) from another country. One
method to obtain these would be to go to www.youtube.com and search
for a country and genre (e.g. “German sitcom”). Advise them to make sure
to look for longer videos of at least 20 minutes. (This can be done in
YouTube with the filter tool after the initial search is performed.) Whether
the program is in English, subtitled in English, or not, ask them to watch
the full episode and read any information and comments about the show.
Have them share in class or in an online discussion how the program is
similar to, and different from, what they have watched in the United States.
5. Ask students to view a foreign-produced film and ask them to discuss, in
class or in a paper, how the film compares with American-produced films.
(Note, foreign films may be available for checkout from your university or
local library. They can be rented through a number of services including
Amazon Video, Google Play, and Netflix. They may be listed in genre
categories such as “”foreign,” “international,” and “world” movies.)
Activity Pages
Use the following activity pages as class handouts for exercises and to
accompany some of the classroom Ideas described above.
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
International Guest Speaker
Invite a student from another country (or perhaps a professor from another
country or one who has recently spent some time in another country) to class to
talk about the media in that country. Make up a list of questions for the speaker
(this suggested list is just to get you started), and ask the students to be prepared
to discuss their findings as a class or to write a brief paper.
• How do you properly spell (and pronounce,
if necessary) your name?
• What country do you come from/have you
recently visited?
• What has been your experience with your
country’s media?
• How does your country’s media compare
to U.S. media? In what ways is it similar?
How is it different?
• What kinds of newspapers exist in your
country? Tell us about the biggest ones to
the smallest. Do they practice U.S.-style
reporting principles of “balanced” reporting,
or are they more advocacy publications? Do
most people read newspapers in your
country? What are some of your favorite
newspapers? Why?
• What kinds of magazines exist in your
country? What are the most popular? How
often are they published? What topics do
they cover? What are some of your favorite
magazines? Why?
• What is television like in your country? Is
there more than one network? Is/are the
network(s) run by the government? What
programs can you watch there? Is there a lot
of American programming? Which
programs? Is there TV news? What is that
like? What are some of your favorite
programs? Is sports programming popular
on TV?
• What is radio like in your country? Are
there many stations/formats to choose from?
What do they broadcast? How is the music
broadcast differently? Are there disc
jockeys? Who are some of your favorite
program hosts? How is the news broadcast
differently? What is some of your favorite
music?
• What kinds of books are published in your
country? Is reading books a major activity in
your country? What kinds of books are
popular in your country? Can anyone have
their work published in your country, or are
there restrictions on certain types of material
allowed? What are some of your favorite
books?
• What kinds of movies are made/shown in
your country? Are there many theaters? Are
there many DVD players? Are they used to
transmit subversive or anti-government
information? What kinds of video rentals are
available there? What are some of your
favorite movies? Is video streaming
available?
• What kind of music is recorded and sold in
your country? What is the recording industry
like? Do people listen to CDs? Internet
downloads? What kinds of music do you like
best? Is most music pirated or purchased?
• What kinds of advertising are
allowed/prominent in your country? On what
media? What kinds of products are
advertised a lot? Why?
• What kinds of U.S. media do you like best?
Do you watch a lot of television? Listen to a
lot of music? Read a lot of books? What
kinds of each?
• Do you have access to Internet services in
your country? What do you use and how
often? Do you regularly communicate with
people from other countries or download
information from international sources?
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
Chapter 16 Quiz
Multiple Choice
1. The _____ theory of the press assumes that opposing viewpoints will be
heard.
a. social responsibility
b. cultural diversity
c. libertarian
d. marketplace of ideas
2. In most developing countries:
a. television is the most pervasive medium.
b. radio is the dominant .communications medium.
c. there are no magazines at all.
d. newspapers are widely read.
3. The print media model of fairness and balance in news coverage is
strongest in which of these countries?
a. China
b. France
c. Canada
d. Egypt
4. In Eastern Europe:
a. most media practitioners continue to be propagandists for the communist
regimes.
b. increased democratization is transforming media at an unprecedented pace.
c. most media systems are moving toward a U.S.-based model of libertarianism.
d. the new governments are nationalizing privately held broadcasting properties.
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
5. In the larger Arab states:
a. radio and television are almost completely owned by wealthy. individuals
within each country.
b. the oppositional press flourishes.
c. television stations typically broadcast from early morning until midnight.
d. the print media is widely read and is free of governmental control.
6. In Africa:
a. early print media were used as teaching aids to achieve greater literacy in the
region.
b. early print media were created to serve the colonists, not the local population.
c. television is a more important medium than print or radio.
d. the Internet has aided revolutionary movements throughout the continent.
7. NHK is:
a. the Japanese equivalent of the FCC in the United States.
b. a mixed system of privately owned and publicly held broadcast media.
c. the acronym of the largest national newspaper in Japan.
d. Japan’s largest public broadcasting corporation.
8. The People’s Republic of China:
a. imports most of its television programming from the West.
b. uses wired public loudspeakers instead of broadcasting to reach its people.
c. repealed press restrictions after the Tiananmen Square demonstrations in
1989.
d. has 10 times as many newspapers and magazines as there were in 1978, and
they have become more sensational.
9. In 2002, for the first time:
a. the number of radio receivers in the world exceeded the number of newspaper
subscribers.
b. the number of cell phones in the world exceeded the number of landline
phones.
c. the number of TV sets in the world exceeded the number of radios.
d. all of these are correct
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
10. Ethnocentric means:
a. media that promote and report on only one nation.
b. promoting the superiority of one ethnic group over another.
c. a centralized form of government-controlled mass media.
d. media entirely run by one specific ethnic group.
11. Rupert Murdoch controls 60 percent of which country’s newspaper
circulation?
a. Australia
b. U.S.A.
c. South Africa
d. the U.K.
12. During the anti-government demonstrations in Egypt’s Tahrir Square in
2011:
a. The government expanded Internet access.
b. Government officials encouraged social media, such as Twitter and Facebook.
c. The government encouraged coverage of the demonstrations by Al Jazeera.
d. The government shut down Internet access nationwide.
13. Access to the Internet in this region of the world is among the lowest:
a. Africa
b. Japan
c. China
d. Italy
14. According to the Impact / Convergence box, “Top 10 Countries with
Public Wireless Locations (Hot Spots),” in 2013 the country with the most
public hot spots is:
a. United States
b. Japan
c. China
d. South Korea
15. According to the Impact/Money box, “Top 10 Global Advertisers—
Annual Spending,” the top global marketer as of 2014 was:
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
a. McDonald’s.
b. General Motors.
c. Procter & Gamble.
d. Nestle.
True/False
1. Japan has fewer newspaper readers than any other nation.
2. In Great Britain, the media are allowed to comment on a trial while it is under
way.
3. One of the first targets of the revolutionary movements in Eastern Europe is
the nation’s broadcast facilities.
4. China is the world’s second-largest Internet market.
5. Eastern European nations developed their press policies following the Soviet
model.
Essay Questions
1. Briefly describe the role of advocacy or opinion in the print and radio
media of Africa.
2. How is the media environment as well as media ownership and operation
in Latin America distinguished from those media characteristics in most
other parts of the world?
3. Discuss the role of news agencies worldwide and more recent non-
Western news agencies in addressing a perceived imbalance in the
worldwide flow of news.
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
4. Discuss the four theories of the press offered by Siebert, Peterson and
Schramm, and the more recent developmental theory. Comment on which
system would be the easiest to work under as a journalist and the most
difficult. Explain your reasoning.
5. Explain how mobile phone, Internet, and other technologies are making
the world much smaller but also can be seen as a threat in some
countries.
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
!
Part III: Additional Resources
!
MindTap
Impact/Action Videos are concise news features on various topics created
exclusively for Media/Impact’s MindTap at www.cengagebrain.com.
Log on to MindTap for Media/Impact to access a variety of additional material—
including learning objectives, chapter readings with highlighting and note-taking,
Impact/Action Videos, activities, and comprehension quizzes—that will guide you
through each chapter.
Working the Web
This list includes both Web sites mentioned in the chapter as well as others to
give you greater insight into the subject of each chapter.
Chapter 1
AOL (formerly America Online) www.aol.com
CBS Corporation www.cbscorporation.com
Comcast Corporation www.comcast.com
Gannett Company www.gannett.com
News Corporation www.newscorp.com
21st Century Fox www.21cf.com
Sony Corporation of America (SCA) www.sony.com
Time Inc. www.timeinc.com
Time Warner Inc. www.timewarner.com
Tribune Media Company www.tribunemedia.com
Tribune Publishing www.tribpub.com
Twitter www.twitter.com
Viacom Incorporated www.viacom.com
The Walt Disney Company www.thewaltdisneycompany.com
YouTube www.youtube.com
Chapter 2
Amazon www.amazon.com
American Booksellers Association (ABA) www.bookweb.org
American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression (ABFFE)
www.bookweb.org/abfe
Association of American Publishers www.publishers.org
Barnes & Noble www.barnesandnoble.com
Biblio www.biblio.com
BookFinder www.bookfinder.com
IndieBound www.indiebound.org
Pearson Education www.pearson.com
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
!
Reed Elsevier www.relxgroup.com
Scholastic Corporation www.scholastic.com
Chapter 3
American Society of News Editors (ASNE) www.asne.org
BuzzFeed www.buzzfeed.com
The Dallas Morning News www.dallasnews.com
Honolulu Star-Advertiser www.staradvertiser.com
La Opinión www.laopinion.com
Los Angeles Times www.latimes.com
The Miami Herald www.miamiherald.com
The New York Times www.nytimes.com
Newspaper Association of America (NAA) www.naa.org
Topix www.topix.net
The Washington Post www.washingtonpost.com
Chapter 4
AllYouCanRead.com www.allyoucanread.com
American Society of Journalists and Authors (ASJA) www.asja.org
The Cartoon Bank www.cartoonbank.com
Condé Nast Media Company www.condenast.com
The New Yorker www.newyorker.com
Folio: The Magazine for Magazine Management www.foliomag.com
Hearst Corporation www.hearst.com
MPA—The Association of Magazine Media www.magazine.org
Salon www.salon.com
Slate www.slate.com
Sports Illustrated www.si.com
Chapter 5
American Top 40 (AT40) with Ryan Seacrest www.at40.com
AOL Radio (formerly AOL Music) www.aolradio.slacker.com
Apple.com/iTunes www.apple.com/itunes
Billboard www.billboard.com
Billboard Business www.billboard.com/biz
Pandora Radio www.pandora.com
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) www.riaa.com
Rhapsody Inc. www.rhapsody.com
SoundCloud www.soundcloud.com
Universal Music Group (UMG) www.universalmusic.com
Chapter 6
The Broadcast Archive www.oldradio.com
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) Radio-Canada www.cbc.ca/radio
CBS Radio www.cbsradio.com
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
!
Friday Morning Quarterback (FMQB) www.fmqb.com
Inside Radio www.insideradio.com
National Public Radio www.npr.org
Radio Advertising Bureau (RAB) www.rab.com
Radio Lovers www.radiolovers.com
SiriusXM www.siriusxm.com
TuneIn www.tunein.com
Chapter 7
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences www.oscars.org
DEG Digital Entertainment Group www.degonline.org
Directors Guild of America www.dga.org
Internet Movie Database (IMDb) www.imdb.com
Lucasfilm www.lucasfilm.com
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and Motion Picture Association
(MPA) www.mpaa.org
Netflix www.netflix.com
Screenwriters Federation of America (SFA) www.screenwritersfederation.org
Sundance Institute www.sundance.org
Warner Bros. www.warnerbros.com
Chapter 8
CBS Television www.cbs.com
Disney/ABC Television Group www.disneyabcpress.com
HBO (Home Box Office) www.hbo.com
Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) www.iab.net
National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) www.nab.org
National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA) www.ncta.com
NBC www.nbc.com
Nielsen Media Research www.nielsen.com
Parental Guide www.parentalguide.org
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) www.pbs.org
Television Bureau of Advertising (TVB) www.tvb.org
TV.com www.tv.com
Chapter 9
Apple Inc. www.apple.com
CNET www.cnet.com
Digital Content Next (formerly the Online Publishers Association)
www.onlinepub.org
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) www.eff.org
Facebook www.facebook.com
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) www.ieee.org
Journal of Electronic Publishing (JEP) www.journalofelectronicpublishing.org
MIT Media Lab Project www.media.mit.edu
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
!
Pew Internet, Science and Technology Project www.pewinternet.org
Pinterest www.pinterest.com
Reddit www.reddit.com
Skype www.skype.com
The Verge www.theverge.com
Vine www.vine.com
Chapter 10
Adrants www.adrants.com
Advertising Age www.adage.com
Advertising Council www.adcouncil.org
American Advertising Federation (AAF) www.aaf.org
American Association of Advertising Agencies www.aaaa.org
American Marketing Association (AMA) www.ama.org
Association of Hispanic Advertising Agencies (AHAA) www.ahaa.org
Clio Awards www.clioawards.com
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) www.ftc.gov
Forrester Research www.forrester.com
Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) www.iab.net
MediaPost Communications www.mediapost.com
Chapter 11
All About Public Relations www.aboutpublicrelations.net
Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) www.prwatch.org
Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR) www.cipr.co.uk
Institute for Public Relations (IPR) www.instituteforpr.com
International Public Relations Association (IPRA) www.ipra.org
Online Public Relations www.online-pr.com
PR Newswire www.prnewswire.com
PRWeb www.prweb.com
PR Week www.prweek.com/us
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) www.prsa.org
Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA) www.prssa.prsa.org
Chapter 12
Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC)
www.aejmc.org
American Journalism Historians Association (AJHA) www.ajha.wildapricot.org
American Society of Journalists and Authors (ASJA) www.asja.org
Center for Investigative Reporting (CIR) www.revealnews.org
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) www.cpj.org
Cyberjournalist.net www.cyberjournalist.net
Fox Movietone News www.foxnews.com/on-air/movietone-news/index.html
Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE) www.ire.org
National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) www.nabj.org
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
!
National Association of Hispanic Journalists (NAHJ) www.nahj.org
National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA), aka Association of
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Journalists www.nlgja.org
Native American Journalists Association (NAJA) www.naja.com
Online News Association (ONA) www.journalists.org
Pew Research Center: Journalism and Media www.journalism.org
Pew Research Center: U.S. Politics and Policy www.people-press.org
Poynter Institute www.poynter.org
Talking Points Memo (TPM) www.talkingpointsmemo.com
UNITY: Journalists for Diversity www.unityjournalists.org
Vanderbilt Television News Archive www.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu
Chapter 13
Benton Foundation www.benton.org
Center on Media and Child Health (CMCH) www.cmch.tv
C-SPAN www.c-span.org
Joan Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy (Harvard
University) www.shorensteincenter.org
MediaSmarts www.mediasmarts.ca
Media Effects Research Lab (MERL) at Penn State University
http://comm.psu.edu/research/centers/medialab
Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (MSRC) at Howard University
www.library.howard.edu/MSRC
National Journal www.nationaljournal.com
National Press Club www.press.org
Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University
www.nieman.harvard.edu
University of Iowa Department of Communication Studies: Political
Communication and Campaigns www.clas.uiowa.edu/commstudies/political-
communication-campaigns
Washington Center for Politics and Journalism www.wcpj.org
Chapter 14
American Booksellers for Free Expression (ABFE Group at ABA)
www.bookweb.org/abfe
American Library Association (ALA) www.ala.org
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) www.fcc.gov
FindLaw www.findlaw.com
Index (Index on Censorship) www.indexoncensorship.org
Institute for Nonprofit News (INN; formerly the Investigative News Network)
www.inn.org
International Media Lawyers Association (IMLA)
www.internationalmedialawyers.org
Media Center at New York Law School
www.nyls.edu/media_center/media_law_and_policy/
Media Law Resource Center (MLRC) www.medialaw.org
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
!
National Freedom of Information Coalition (NFOIC) www.nfoic.org
ProPublica www.propublica.org
Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law (University of Minnesota)
www.silha.umn.edu/
Student Press Law Center (SPLC) www.splc.org
WikiLeaks www.wikileaks.org
Chapter 15
Center for Journalism Ethics www.ethics.journalism.wisc.edu
College Media Association (CMA) www.collegemedia.org
Columbia Journalism Review (CJR) www.cjr.org
EthicNet, European Ethics Codes www.ethicnet.uta.fi/
Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) www.fair.org
Freedom Forum www.newseuminstitute.org/freedom-forum/
Journalism Ethics Cases Online www.journalism.indiana.edu/resources/ethics/
National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) www.nppa.org
Poynter Online www.poynter.org
Radio Television Digital News Association (RTDNA; formerly Radio-Television
News Director Association) www.rtdna.org
Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) www.spj.org
Chapter 16
BBC News www.bbc.com
Foreign Policy Magazine www.foreignpolicy.com
Global Media Journal (GMJ) www.globalmediajournal.com
Global Online Video Association www.gova.cc
International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR)
www.iamcr.org
International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) www.icfj.org
International New York Times www.international.nytimes.com
International News Media Association (INMA) www.inma.org
International Women’s Media Foundation (IWMF) www.iwmf.org
Internews www.internews.org
Reporters Without Borders www.rsf.org
Worldpress.org www.worldpress.org
