Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
Table of Contents
Brief Chapter Outline...........................................................................2
Chapter Outline and Lecture Notes.......................................................4
Vocabulary Review..............................................................................8
Class Activities and Sample Assignments..............................................9
Connect Resources............................................................................10
Discussion Questions for Online/Hybrid Classes...................................12
Graphic Organizers............................................................................13
The Efects of a Major Cause..............................................................13
The Causes for a Major Efect.............................................................14
Chain of Events..................................................................................15
Teaching Tools...................................................................................16
Grading Rubric for Cause-and-Efect Essays.........................................16
Cause-and-Efect Peer Review Worksheet............................................17
Writing Topics....................................................................................18
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|1
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
Brief Chapter Outline
I. Learning Outcomes
In this chapter you will learn techniques for achieving these learning outcomes:
Identify real-world applications for explaining causes and effects.
Understand the qualities of effective writing about causes and effects.
Interpret images and readings about health and medicine.
Analyze the rhetorical star for explaining causes and effects.
Apply the qualities of cause-and-effect writing.
II. Real-World Applications for Explaining Causes and Effects
Learning Outcome 9-1: Identify real-world applications for explaining causes
and effects.
a. Writing about causes and effects in college
b. Writing about causes and effects in your daily life
c. Writing about causes and effects in your career
III. Qualities of Effective Cause-and-Effect Writing
Learning Outcome 9-2: Understand the qualities of effective writing about
causes and effects.
a. Begin by identifying the cause or effect you are analyzing.
b. Explain the cause-and-effect relationship convincingly.
c. Organize the causes and/or effects effectively.
d. Use sound logic.
e. Conclude effectively.
IV. Analyzing Causes and Effects in the Context of Health and Medicine
Learning Outcome 9-3: Interpret images and readings about health and
medicine.
a. Writing assignment options
b. Interpreting an advertisement
c. Writing about an image
d. Media connection for explaining causes and effects
V. Analyzing the Rhetorical Star for Writing a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|2
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
Learning Outcome 9-4: Analyze the rhetorical star for explaining causes and
effects.
a. Subject
b. Audience
c. Purpose
d. Strategy
e. Design
VI. Applying the Writing Process for Explaining Causes and Effects
Learning Outcome 9–5: Apply the qualities of cause-and-effect writing.
a. Discovering
b. Planning
c. Composing
d. Getting feedback
e. Revising
f. Editing
g. Proofreading
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|3
Cause-and-Effect Writing in the Chapter
Career-Based Cause-and-Effect Writing:
“Accident Report” Source: http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_FatalFacts/f-facts69.html
(pages 202-203)
Reading and Reflection Cause-and-Effect Writing:
“Food: Your Body’s Natural Healer” by Shirley Vanderbilt (pages 203-205)
“The Globalization of Eating Disorders” by Susan Bordo (pages 205-207)
“Welcome to the United States of Ambien” by Rob Sheffield (pages 208-209)
“Dietary Recommendations for Carbohydrates” by Charles B. Corbin (pages 209-211)
“Sonnet 147: My Love Is As a Fever Longing Still” by William Shakespeare (pages 212-213)
Student Writing:
“Get Fit with Wii” by Olivia Covey (pages 213-214)
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
Chapter Outline and Lecture Notes
I. Learning Outcomes
In this chapter you will learn techniques for achieving these learning outcomes:
Identify real-world applications for explaining causes and effects.
Understand the qualities of effective writing about causes and effects.
Interpret images and readings about health and medicine.
Analyze the rhetorical star for explaining causes and effects.
Apply the qualities of cause-and-effect writing.
II. Real-World Applications for Explaining Causes and Effects (pages 197-199)
Learning Outcome 9-1: Identify real-world applications for explaining causes
and effects.
a. Writing about causes and effects in college
i. You may need to explain the causes of a certain illness.
ii. You may need to describe the effects of a war in a history course.
b. Writing about causes and effects in your daily life
i. You may need to determine the effects of changing your career.
ii. You may need to determine the causes of a relationship issue.
c. Writing about causes and effects in your career
i. You may need to identify the causes of decreased employee
productivity.
ii. You may need to investigate the effects of a new software system.
III. Qualities of Effective Cause-and-Effect Writing (pages 199-203)
Learning Outcome 9-2: Understand the qualities of effective writing about
causes and effects.
a. Begin by identifying the cause or effect you are analyzing.
i. Start with an attention-getter that relates to your main topic.
ii. Write a thesis that clearly states the focus of your essay.
iii. Make sure you can adequately support your thesis.
b. Explain the cause-and-effect relationship convincingly.
i. Don’t assume the readers will accept your cause-and-effect
relationship immediately.
ii. Illustrate cause-and-effect relationships by presenting ideas
logically.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|4
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
iii. Fully support your thesis.
iv. Remain focused on major causes and effects.
c. Organize the causes and/or effects effectively.
i. You may use the major cause pattern.
1. Begin with the cause.
2. Focus on the effects of the cause.
ii. You may use the major effect pattern.
1. Start with a major effect.
2. Examine the causes that led to that effect.
iii. You may use a narrative essay to illustrate the chain of events that
led to a particular effect.
d. Use sound logic.
i. Avoid logical fallacies.
ii. Double check the claims you make to ensure you have a valid
cause-and-effect relationship.
e. Conclude effectively.
i. Restate your main idea.
ii. Summarize your main points.
iii. Select wording carefully.
iv. Avoid definitive statements.
IV. Analyzing Causes and Effects in the Context of Health and Medicine (pages 203-
217)
Learning Outcome 9-3: Interpret images and readings about health and
medicine.
a. Writing assignment options
i. Choose a topic and write a cause-and-effect essay.
ii. Consider your rhetorical star and the qualities of an effective
narrative.
b. Interpreting and advertisement
i. What are the effects of Wii Fitness on its users?
ii. Write a cause-and-effect essay about how persuasive the ad is.
c. Writing about an image
i. Write a cause-and-effect essay that relates to an image in the
chapter.
ii. You may write about the image itself or about something the image
reminds you of.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|5
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
d. Media connection for explaining causes and effects
i. Watch, read, or listen to suggested media to discover additional
examples of cause-and-effect analyses.
ii. Exploring various media may help you to better understand
methods for explaining causes and effects.
iii. Cite all sources.
V. Analyzing the Rhetorical Star for Writing about a Cause-and-Effect Essay (page
218)
Learning Outcome 9-4: Analyze the rhetorical star for explaining causes and
effects.
a. Subject
i. Select a topic that is narrow enough to cover within the assignment
guidelines.
ii. For a shorter paper, you may need to focus on causes or effects
instead of both.
b. Audience
i. Determine who your audience will be.
ii. Select the details that will be most important to your audience.
c. Purpose
i. Determine what you want to accomplish.
ii. Decide if you are informing, persuading, or expressing feelings.
d. Strategy
i. Focus on the main approach of cause and/or effect.
ii. Combine other strategies if necessary to make your point.
e. Design
i. Know how you want the essay to look when you are finished.
ii. Decide if graphics, photographs, or illustrations are needed to
clarify ideas.
VI. Applying the Writing Process for Explaining Causes and Effects (pages 219-220)
Learning Outcome 9–5: Apply the qualities of cause-and-effect writing.
a. Discovering
i. Use the media suggestions in the chapter to help find a subject.
ii. Consider a subject with which you have personal experience.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|6
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
iii. Create a chart of causes and effects to determine what you want to
cover.
b. Planning
i. Create a cluster or outline to help you organize your ideas.
ii. Follow one of the organizational strategies for your essay:
1. The effects of a major cause
2. The causes for a major effect
3. A chain of events that illustrate the cause or effect
c. Composing
i. Write a first draft of your essay.
ii. Don’t focus on grammar and punctuation.
iii. Keep focused on the causes or effects you are explaining.
d. Getting feedback
i. Ask a classmate to read your draft and answer the peer review
questions.
ii. Get a second opinion if possible.
iii. Decide the suggestions to accept, reject, or modify.
e. Revising
i. Revise your essay based upon the feedback you receive.
ii. Make sure your essay is logical, with fully supported ideas.
iii. Add, delete, and rearrange ideas as necessary.
f. Editing
iv. Read your essay again.
v. Look for errors in grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
vi. Consider reading your essay aloud to listen for word choice and
sentence structure.
g. Proofreading
vii. Read your essay one last time.
viii. Check for typographical errors or other issues that interfere with the
reader’s understanding of the essay.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|7
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
Vocabulary Review
Causal analysis: analyzing causes and effects (LO 9.1)
Causes: the reasons why something occurs (LO 9.1)
Effects: the results of something occurring (LO 9.1)
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|8
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
Class Activities and Sample Assignments
1. Ask students to share the causes that led to them attend college. Have them discuss
the immediate effects of this decision as well as the effects that will occur after
graduation. (LO 9.1)
2. Students don’t always consider the impact their actions have on others. Using the
chart below as a guide, ask students to list the effects of each behavior/action.
Discuss the impact of each action on the student, the class, and the instructor. (LO
9.4)
Arriving late to
class
Texting during a
lecture
Whispering to a
classmate during a
lecture
Cheating on an
exam
3. Humans tend to be creatures of habit. Have students share some of their daily
habits. For example, do they sit in the same seat each day? Do they organize their
materials in exactly the same way? Do they park in the same section? Ask students
to change their usual patterns. During the next class session, have them write a
journal entry about the effects of changing their usual routines. Did they feel
uncomfortable? Did they enjoy the experience? Were they surprised to see how
many things they can’t or won’t change? (LO 9.5)
4. As a class, discuss social networks. What causes people to use them? Brainstorm to
create a list of different ideas. In small groups, consider some of the positive and
negative effects of using social networking sites. (LO 9.3)
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|9
Chapter Nine
Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-9|10
