978-1259989582 Chapter 9 Part 1

Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

Table of Contents

Brief Chapter Outline…………………………………………………………………2

Chapter Outline and Lecture Notes………………………………..…..……..….4

Vocabulary Review……………………………………..……..……..……..……....8

Class Activities and Sample Assignments…..……………………..….…..……9

Connect Resources………………………………………..……..……..……..…..10

Discussion Questions for Online/Hybrid Classes………………….……..…..12

Graphic Organizers…………………………………………...……..……..……...13

The Efects of a Major Cause.…………………………………………………….13

The Causes for a Major Efect…………………………………..……..…...……14

Chain of Events……………………………………………………………………….15

Teaching Tools………………………………………………………………………..16

Grading Rubric for Cause-and-Efect Essays………………………………..…16

Cause-and-Efect Peer Review Worksheet……………………………..………17

Writing Topics…………………………………………………………………………18

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Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

Brief Chapter Outline

I. Learning Outcomes

In this chapter you will learn techniques for achieving these learning outcomes:

Identify real-world applications for explaining causes and effects.

Understand the qualities of effective writing about causes and effects.

Interpret images and readings about health and medicine.

Analyze the rhetorical star for explaining causes and effects.

Apply the qualities of cause-and-effect writing.

II. Real-World Applications for Explaining Causes and Effects

Learning Outcome 9-1: Identify real-world applications for explaining causes

and effects.

a. Writing about causes and effects in college

b. Writing about causes and effects in your daily life

c. Writing about causes and effects in your career

III. Qualities of Effective Cause-and-Effect Writing

Learning Outcome 9-2: Understand the qualities of effective writing about

causes and effects.

a. Begin by identifying the cause or effect you are analyzing.

b. Explain the cause-and-effect relationship convincingly.

c. Organize the causes and/or effects effectively.

d. Use sound logic.

e. Conclude effectively.

IV. Analyzing Causes and Effects in the Context of Health and Medicine

Learning Outcome 9-3: Interpret images and readings about health and

medicine.

a. Writing assignment options

b. Interpreting an advertisement

c. Writing about an image

d. Media connection for explaining causes and effects

V. Analyzing the Rhetorical Star for Writing a Cause-and-Effect Essay

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Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

Learning Outcome 9-4: Analyze the rhetorical star for explaining causes and

effects.

a. Subject

b. Audience

c. Purpose

d. Strategy

e. Design

VI. Applying the Writing Process for Explaining Causes and Effects

 Learning Outcome 9–5: Apply the qualities of cause-and-effect writing.

a. Discovering

b. Planning

c. Composing

d. Getting feedback

e. Revising

f. Editing

g. Proofreading

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Cause-and-Effect Writing in the Chapter

Career-Based Cause-and-Effect Writing:

“Accident Report” Source: http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_FatalFacts/f-facts69.html

(pages 202-203)

Reading and Reflection Cause-and-Effect Writing:

“Food: Your Body’s Natural Healer” by Shirley Vanderbilt (pages 203-205)

“The Globalization of Eating Disorders” by Susan Bordo (pages 205-207)

“Welcome to the United States of Ambien” by Rob Sheffield (pages 208-209)

“Dietary Recommendations for Carbohydrates” by Charles B. Corbin (pages 209-211)

“Sonnet 147: My Love Is As a Fever Longing Still” by William Shakespeare (pages 212-213)

Student Writing:

“Get Fit with Wii” by Olivia Covey (pages 213-214)

Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

Chapter Outline and Lecture Notes

I. Learning Outcomes

In this chapter you will learn techniques for achieving these learning outcomes:

Identify real-world applications for explaining causes and effects.

Understand the qualities of effective writing about causes and effects.

Interpret images and readings about health and medicine.

Analyze the rhetorical star for explaining causes and effects.

Apply the qualities of cause-and-effect writing.

II. Real-World Applications for Explaining Causes and Effects (pages 197-199)

Learning Outcome 9-1: Identify real-world applications for explaining causes

and effects.

a. Writing about causes and effects in college

i. You may need to explain the causes of a certain illness.

ii. You may need to describe the effects of a war in a history course.

b. Writing about causes and effects in your daily life

i. You may need to determine the effects of changing your career.

ii. You may need to determine the causes of a relationship issue.

c. Writing about causes and effects in your career

i. You may need to identify the causes of decreased employee

productivity.

ii. You may need to investigate the effects of a new software system.

III. Qualities of Effective Cause-and-Effect Writing (pages 199-203)

Learning Outcome 9-2: Understand the qualities of effective writing about

causes and effects.

a. Begin by identifying the cause or effect you are analyzing.

i. Start with an attention-getter that relates to your main topic.

ii. Write a thesis that clearly states the focus of your essay.

iii. Make sure you can adequately support your thesis.

b. Explain the cause-and-effect relationship convincingly.

i. Don’t assume the readers will accept your cause-and-effect

relationship immediately.

ii. Illustrate cause-and-effect relationships by presenting ideas

logically.

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Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

iii. Fully support your thesis.

iv. Remain focused on major causes and effects.

c. Organize the causes and/or effects effectively.

i. You may use the major cause pattern.

1. Begin with the cause.

2. Focus on the effects of the cause.

ii. You may use the major effect pattern.

1. Start with a major effect.

2. Examine the causes that led to that effect.

iii. You may use a narrative essay to illustrate the chain of events that

led to a particular effect.

d. Use sound logic.

i. Avoid logical fallacies.

ii. Double check the claims you make to ensure you have a valid

cause-and-effect relationship.

e. Conclude effectively.

i. Restate your main idea.

ii. Summarize your main points.

iii. Select wording carefully.

iv. Avoid definitive statements.

IV. Analyzing Causes and Effects in the Context of Health and Medicine (pages 203-

217)

Learning Outcome 9-3: Interpret images and readings about health and

medicine.

a. Writing assignment options

i. Choose a topic and write a cause-and-effect essay.

ii. Consider your rhetorical star and the qualities of an effective

narrative.

b. Interpreting and advertisement

i. What are the effects of Wii Fitness on its users?

ii. Write a cause-and-effect essay about how persuasive the ad is.

c. Writing about an image

i. Write a cause-and-effect essay that relates to an image in the

chapter.

ii. You may write about the image itself or about something the image

reminds you of.

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Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

d. Media connection for explaining causes and effects

i. Watch, read, or listen to suggested media to discover additional

examples of cause-and-effect analyses.

ii. Exploring various media may help you to better understand

methods for explaining causes and effects.

iii. Cite all sources.

V. Analyzing the Rhetorical Star for Writing about a Cause-and-Effect Essay (page

218)

Learning Outcome 9-4: Analyze the rhetorical star for explaining causes and

effects.

a. Subject

i. Select a topic that is narrow enough to cover within the assignment

guidelines.

ii. For a shorter paper, you may need to focus on causes or effects

instead of both.

b. Audience

i. Determine who your audience will be.

ii. Select the details that will be most important to your audience.

c. Purpose

i. Determine what you want to accomplish.

ii. Decide if you are informing, persuading, or expressing feelings.

d. Strategy

i. Focus on the main approach of cause and/or effect.

ii. Combine other strategies if necessary to make your point.

e. Design

i. Know how you want the essay to look when you are finished.

ii. Decide if graphics, photographs, or illustrations are needed to

clarify ideas.

VI. Applying the Writing Process for Explaining Causes and Effects (pages 219-220)

 Learning Outcome 9–5: Apply the qualities of cause-and-effect writing.

a. Discovering

i. Use the media suggestions in the chapter to help find a subject.

ii. Consider a subject with which you have personal experience.

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Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

iii. Create a chart of causes and effects to determine what you want to

cover.

b. Planning

i. Create a cluster or outline to help you organize your ideas.

ii. Follow one of the organizational strategies for your essay:

1. The effects of a major cause

2. The causes for a major effect

3. A chain of events that illustrate the cause or effect

c. Composing

i. Write a first draft of your essay.

ii. Don’t focus on grammar and punctuation.

iii. Keep focused on the causes or effects you are explaining.

d. Getting feedback

i. Ask a classmate to read your draft and answer the peer review

questions.

ii. Get a second opinion if possible.

iii. Decide the suggestions to accept, reject, or modify.

e. Revising

i. Revise your essay based upon the feedback you receive.

ii. Make sure your essay is logical, with fully supported ideas.

iii. Add, delete, and rearrange ideas as necessary.

f. Editing

iv. Read your essay again.

v. Look for errors in grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

vi. Consider reading your essay aloud to listen for word choice and

sentence structure.

g. Proofreading

vii. Read your essay one last time.

viii. Check for typographical errors or other issues that interfere with the

reader’s understanding of the essay.

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Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

Vocabulary Review

Causal analysis: analyzing causes and effects (LO 9.1)

Causes: the reasons why something occurs (LO 9.1)

Effects: the results of something occurring (LO 9.1)

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Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

Class Activities and Sample Assignments

1. Ask students to share the causes that led to them attend college. Have them discuss

the immediate effects of this decision as well as the effects that will occur after

graduation. (LO 9.1)

2. Students don’t always consider the impact their actions have on others. Using the

chart below as a guide, ask students to list the effects of each behavior/action.

Discuss the impact of each action on the student, the class, and the instructor. (LO

9.4)

Arriving late to

class

Texting during a

lecture

Whispering to a

classmate during a

lecture

Cheating on an

exam

3. Humans tend to be creatures of habit. Have students share some of their daily

habits. For example, do they sit in the same seat each day? Do they organize their

materials in exactly the same way? Do they park in the same section? Ask students

to change their usual patterns. During the next class session, have them write a

journal entry about the effects of changing their usual routines. Did they feel

uncomfortable? Did they enjoy the experience? Were they surprised to see how

many things they can’t or won’t change? (LO 9.5)

4. As a class, discuss social networks. What causes people to use them? Brainstorm to

create a list of different ideas. In small groups, consider some of the positive and

negative effects of using social networking sites. (LO 9.3)

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Chapter Nine

Analyzing Causes and Efects: Health and Medicine

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