Problem 5-2A (Concluded)
Aug. 15 Cash ………………………………………………………….. 4,508
Sales Discounts* ……………………………………….. 92
Accounts Receivable—Laird ……………….. 4,600
Collected receivable within 2% discount period.
*[($5,200 – $600) x 2%]
19 Cost of Goods Sold ……………………………………. 2,400
Merchandise Inventory ………………………… 2,400
To record cost of the August 19 sale.
22 Sales Returns and Allowances …………………… 500
Accounts Receivable—Tux ………………….. 500
Issued credit memorandum.
Problem 5-3A (60 minutes)
Part 1
Adjustment (a)
Jan 31 Store Supplies Expense …………………………….. 4,050
Store Supplies …………………………………….. 4,050
To record store supplies expense
($5,800 – $1,750).
Adjustment (b)
Adjustment (c)
Adjustment (d)
Jan 31 Cost of Goods Sold ……………………………………. 1,600
Merchandise Inventory ………………………… 1,600
To adjust inventory for shrinkage
($12,500 – $10,900).
Problem 5-3A (Continued)
Part 2 Multiple-step income statement
NELSON COMPANY
Income Statement
For Year Ended January 31, 2013
Sales ………………………………………………………………. $111,950
Less: Sales discounts …………………………………….. $ 2,000
Sales returns and allowances ………………… 2,200 4,200
Net sales …………………………………………………………. 107,750
Cost of goods sold* ………………………………………… 40,000
Gross profit …………………………………………………….. 67,750
Expenses
Selling expenses
General and administrative expenses
Insurance expense ………………………………………… 1,400
Office salaries expense** ……………………………….. 17,500
Rent expense—Office space** ……………………….. 7,500
Total general and administrative expenses …….. 26,400
* $40,000 = $38,400 + $1,600 (shrinkage)
**Salaries and rent expenses are equally divided between selling activities
and general and administrative activities.
Problem 5-3A (Concluded)
Part 3 Single–step income statement
NELSON COMPANY
Income Statement
For Year Ended January 31, 2013
Net sales ………………………………………………………. $107,750
Expenses
Cost of goods sold …………………………………… $40,000
Part 4
Current assets
Cash …………………………………………………………………..
$ 1,000
Merchandise inventory …………………………..…………...
10,900
Store supplies …………………………………………………….
1,750
Prepaid insurance …………………………..…………………..
1,000*
Total current assets …………………………..………………..
$ 14,650
Current liabilities …………………………………………………...
$ 10,000
Current ratio ($14,650 / $10,000) ………………………………….
1.47
*$2,400 – $1,400 = $1,000
Quick assets (Cash) ……………………………………………….
$ 1,000
Current liabilities …………………………………………………...
$ 10,000
Acid-test ratio ($1,000 / $10,000) ………………………………...
0.10
Net Sales ……………………………………………………………….
$107,750
Cost of Goods Sold ………………………………………………..
40,000
Gross margin ………………………………………………………...
$ 67,750
Gross margin ratio ($67,750 / $107,750) ……………………….
0.63
Problem 5-4A (40 minutes)
1. Net sales
Sales ……………………………………………………………………..
$225,600
Less: Sales discounts…………………………………………..
(2,250)
Sales returns and allowances ……………………..
(12,000)
Net sales ……………………………………………………………….
$211,350
2. Cost of Merchandise purchased
Invoice cost of merchandise purchased ………………...
$ 92,000
Purchase discounts received ………………………………...
(2,000)
Purchase returns and allowances …………………………..
(4,500)
Costs of transportation–in ……………………………………...
4,600
Total cost of merchandise purchased …………………….
$ 90,100
Problem 5-4A (Continued)
3. Multiple-step income statement
VALLEY COMPANY
Income Statement
For Year Ended August 31, 2013
Sales ………………………………………………………….. $225,600
Less: Sales discounts ………………………………… $ 2,250
Sales returns and allowances …………… 12,000 14,250
Expenses
Selling expenses
Sales salaries expense ……………………………. 32,000
Rent expense—Selling space ………………….. 8,000
Store supplies expense …………………………... 1,500
Advertising expense ……………………………….. 13,000
Total selling expenses ……………………………. 54,500
*Cost of goods sold (alternative computation):
Merchandise inventory, August 31, 2012 ………………………. $ 25,400
Total cost of merchandise purchased (from part 2) ………. 90,100
Problem 5-4A (Concluded)
4. Single-step income statement
VALLEY COMPANY
Income Statement
For Year Ended August 31, 2013
Net sales ………………………………………………………… $211,350
Expenses
Cost of goods sold ……………………………………….. $74,500
Problem 5-5A (30 minutes)
Part 1
Closing entries
Aug. 31 Sales ……………………………………………………. 225,600
Income Summary ……………………………. 225,600
To close temporary accounts with
credit balances.
Aug. 31 Income Summary ………………………………….. 175,750
Sales Discounts …………………………….. 2,250
Sales Returns and Allowances ……….. 12,000
Cost of Goods Sold ………………………… 74,500
Aug. 31 Income Summary ………………………………….. 49,850
K. Valley, Capital …………………………….. 49,850
To close the Income Summary account.
Problem 5-5A (Concluded)
Part 2
The first step is to determine the amount of purchases that are subject to a
discount during the year:
Invoice cost of merchandise purchases ………..
$92,000
Purchase returns and allowances ………………….
(4,500)
$87,500
This amount is used to determine the maximum discount, which is then
compared to the actual discount:
Maximum discount available (3% x $87,500) ….
$ 2,625
Purchase discounts received ………………………..
(2,000)
$ 625
As a percent of available discounts ($625/$2,625) …………….. 23.8%
This analysis suggests that nearly 24% of available discounts have been
missed. As a result, it would appear that cash is not being well managed.
Management should try to identify a better system for ensuring that all
Part 3
The first step is to compute this year’s sales returns and allowances rate:
Sales …………………………………………………………….
$225,600
Sales returns and allowances ……………………….
$ 12,000
5.3%
This calculation shows that the company’s customers are returning or
requiring allowances on items at a higher rate than the 4% rate observed in
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Fundamental Accounting Principles, 21st Edition
326
Problem 5-6AB (50 minutes)
NELSON COMPANY
Work Sheet
For Year Ended January 31, 2013
Unadjusted
Trial Balance
Adjustments
Adjusted
Trial Balance
Income
Statement
Balance Sheet
Account Title
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Cash ………………………………………………………
1,000
1,000
1,000
Merchandise inventory ……………….……
12,500
(d)
1,600
10,900
10,900
Store supplies ………………………………..……
5,800
(a)
4,050
1,750
1,750
Prepaid insurance ………………………..…
2,400
(b)
1,400
1,000
1,000
Store equipment …………………………………
42,900
42,900
42,900
Accum. depreciation—Store eq ………….
15,250
(c)
1,525
16,775
16,775
Accounts payable ………………………..…
10,000
10,000
10,000
J. Nelson, Capital …………………………..
32,000
32,000
32,000
J. Nelson, Withdrawals ………………..……
2,200
2,200
2,200
Sales ………………………………………………..……
111,950
111,950
111,950
Sales discounts …………………………….……
2,000
2,000
2,000
Sales returns and allowances …………
2,200
2,200
2,200
Cost of goods sold ……………………….….
38,400
(d)
1,600
40,000
40,000
Depreciation expense—Store eq ……….
0
(c)
1,525
1,525
1,525
Salaries expense …………………………..
35,000
35,000
35,000
Insurance expense ……………………….….
0
(b)
1,400
1,400
1,400
Rent expense ………………………………………
15,000
15,000
15,000
Store supplies expense ……………………
0
(a)
4,050
4,050
4,050
Advertising expense …………………………
9,800
______
____
____
9,800
______
9,800
______
______
______
Totals …………………………..…………………..……
169,200
169,200
8,575
8,575
170,725
170,725
110,975
111,950
59,750
58,775
Net income …………………………..………………
975
______
______
975
Totals …………………………..…………………..……
111,950
111,950
59,750
59,750
PROBLEM SET B
Problem 5-1B (40 minutes)
May 2 Merchandise Inventory ………………………………. 10,000
Accounts Payable—Havel ……………………. 10,000
Purchased goods on credit, terms 1/15, n/30.
5 Merchandise Inventory ………………………………. 250
Cash …………………………………………………… 250
Paid freight on incoming goods.
9 Cash ………………………………………………………….. 2,500
Sales …………………………………………………… 2,500
Sold goods for cash.
14 Cash ………………………………………………………….. 10,780
Sales Discounts* ……………………………………….. 220
Accounts Receivable—Heather ……………. 11,000
Collected receivable within discount period.
*$11,000 x 2%
Problem 5-1B (Concluded)
May 17 Accounts Payable—Havel …………………………. 10,000
Merchandise Inventory * ……………………… 100
Cash …………………………………………………… 9,900
Paid payable in discount period (*10,000 x 1%).
22 Sales Returns and Allowances ………………….. 400
Accounts Receivable—Tameron ………….. 400
Issued credit memo for allowances on
goods sold to customers.
25 Accounts Payable—Duke ………………………….. 3,250
Merchandise Inventory * ……………………… 65
Cash …………………………………………………… 3,185
Paid payable in discount period
[($3,650 – $400)x 2%].
Problem 5-2B (40 minutes)
July 3 Merchandise Inventory ……………………………… 15,000
Accounts Payable—OLB …………………….. 15,000
Purchased goods on credit, terms 1/10, n/30.
4 Accounts Payable—OLB …………………………... 150
Cash ………………………………………………….. 150
Paid freight for OLB Corp.
11 Delivery Expense ………………………………………. 300
Cash ………………………………………………….. 300
Paid shipping charges on July 7 sale.
12 Sales Returns and Allowances ………………….. 1,850
Accounts Receivable—Brill ………………… 1,850
Customer returned merchandise.
Problem 5-2B (Concluded)
July 17 Cash …………………………………………………………. 9,457
20 Accounts Payable—Rupert* ………………………. 12,700
Merchandise Inventory** …………………….. 122
21 Accounts Receivable—Brown …………………… 11,000
21 Cost of Goods Sold …………………………………… 7,000
24 Sales Returns and Allowances ………………….. 1,300
30 Cash …………………………………………………………. 9,603
Sales Discounts* ………………………………………. 97
31 Accounts Payable—OLB …………………………... 14,850
Cash ………………………………………………….. 14,850
Problem 5-3B (60 Minutes)
Part 1
Adjustment (a)
Oct. 31 Store Supplies Expense …………………………….. 6,000
Store Supplies …………………………………….. 6,000
To record store supplies expense
($9,700 – $3,700).
Adjustment (b)
Adjustment (c)
To record depreciation expense.
Adjustment (d)
Oct. 31 Cost of Goods Sold ……………………………………. 2,700
Merchandise Inventory ………………………… 2,700
To adjust inventory for shrinkage
($24,000 – $21,300).