Which of the following is not a statement that describes the modern concept of
hegemony?
A. Hegemony is a good tool for encouraging conversation and debate.
B. Hegemony was a technique recommended by modern public relations founder
Edward
Bernays as a way to control public opinion.
C. Hegemony’s qualities are often defined or reinforced by narratives, or stories, told in
various media forms including books, movies, and television.
D. Hegemony tends to portray the social, economic, and political status quo as normal
and natural ways to see the world.
E. Hegemony tends to repel self-scrutiny or critical examination.
A mass media effects researcher might choose an experiment approach if he or she
has
A. a desire to get results that reflect some truth about a large population
B. a desire to find out if two variables are related in some undetermined way
C. a desire to try to show a cause-effect relationship between two variables
D. a desire to study a large population
E. the ability to study a large population and see how it changes over time
The business arrangement in the newspaper industry in which two separately owned
papers in the same city are permitted to combine their business and production
operations is called a/an
A. consensus operation (CO)
B. multiple-system operation (MSO)
C. duopoly
D. joint operating agreement (JOA)
E. oligopoly
In the Mutual v. Ohio (1915) decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that film was a
.
A. “business pure and simple”
B. “means for public discourse”
C. “legitimate form of free speech”
D. “blight on creative expression”
E. All of the options are correct.
People often choose to expose themselves only to media outlets that express their
views. What is this called?
A. The uses and gratifications model
B. Selective exposure and retention
C. The hypodermic-needle model
D. The marketing research model
E. The propaganda analysis model
Who wrote The Jungle, a fictional account of Chicago’s meatpacking industry?
A. Lincoln Steffens
B. Ida Tarbell
C. Tim Allen
D. Upton Sinclair
E. Frank Norris
Which of the following is true about sound bites?
A. They are the TV equivalent of a photograph in newspapers. B. Their average length
has increased since the 1960s.
C. They are usually quite brief and can come from an expert, a celebrity, a victim, or
a person on the street.
D. They are part of a newspaper article.
E. They typically allow extra time for complex and nuanced ideas.
Anthologies were replaced by other types of programming in the 1950s
because __________
A. advertisers didn’t like anthologies
B. they were expensive to produce
C. the television audience changed as it expanded
D. some were considered too controversial
E. All of the options are correct.
The term muckraker .
A. was coined by President Theodore Roosevelt because he was angry with negative
reporting
B. described investigative reporters who only wrote about American institutions in a
positive light
C. was seen as an insult by leading investigative reporters
D. described reporters who wanted to write in the simplistic and conventional style of
newspaper journalism
E. None of the above options is correct.
The term__________ refers to the economic situation in which a few firms dominate an
industry.
A. monopoly
B. corporate scaling economies
C. oligarchy
D. limited competition
E. oligopoly
Which of the following is not one of the original five major studios that once dominated
the film business?
A. RKO
B. Warner Brothers
C. Paramount
D. Disney
E. Twentieth Century Fox
How have direct broadcast satellite (DBS) services challenged cable?
A. They offer a lot more stations than cable.
B. They are able to send signals directly to small satellite dishes where the installation
of cable wires hasn”t been possible.
C. They have started to create their own programming, while cable still only shows
reruns
of old network programs.
D. They have a better relationship with broadcast networks than cable does, and thus
have lower retransmission fees than cable.
E. All of the options are correct.
A mass media effects researcher might choose a survey approach if he or she has a
desire to
A. try to control variables using a control group and an experiment group
B. demonstrate a clear cause-effect relationship
C. observe people in a laboratory, or tightly controlled, situation
D. observe people using mass media in their own homes
E. collect information that applies to a large population
Which statement about the early American “prestigious'” publishing houses is true?
A. They developed rapidly during the eighteenth century with printers like Benjamin
Franklin.
B. For almost a century, there was only one major publishing house that was broken
apart by antitrust laws.
C. The first American publishing houses were founded between 1900 and 1910.
D. The oldest and most prestigious American publishing houses are all now part of
major media conglomerates.
E. All of the options are true.
Scoop behavior, in which reporters stake out a house or chase celebrities, is
called .
A. situational ethics
B. herd journalism
C. individualism
D. conflict of interest
E. yellow journalism
According to the textbook, which of the following has been a critique of the idea of
journalistic objectivity?
A. Journalists use too much flair in their stories, obscuring the important details.
B. Objective journalism fuels unhealthy competition between journalists to see who can
get the story first.
C. It isn”t possible to have genuine journalistic impartiality, and many reporters have
become too uncritical of people with power.
D. It’s too difficult to tell the journalist’s thoughts apart from the thoughts of the subject
of the story.
E. None of the above options is correct.
The act that first emphasized that broadcasters did not own their channels but were
granted licenses provided they operated in the “public interest, convenience, or
necessity” was the__________
A. Federal Communications Act of 1934
B. Radio Act of 1912
C. Radio Act of 1927
D. 1932 revocation of RCA’s monopoly status
E. None of the above options is correct.
In an effort to compete with television in the 1950s, the movie studios began
making
A. big-budget family films
B. documentaries
C. X-rated adult movies
D. films that dealt with such social problems as alcoholism, drug abuse, and racism
E. summer “blockbuster” films
Which company’s lobbying efforts were so effective that they eliminated all telephone
competition until the 1980s?
A. Chicago Edison
B. AT&T
C. General Electric
D. Bell Atlantic
E. None of the options is correct.
developed the first commercially successful electronic reading device.
A. Sony
B. Amazon
C. Apple
D. Barnes & Noble
E. Borders
Advertisers frequently pressure magazines to publish .
A. gatefold covers
B. more complementary copy
C. investigative stories
D. color photos
E. more often
Which of the following is true about the ways studios generate revenue today?
A. Studios get paid to feature products in a movie.
B. Studios make money by distributing movies made by independent filmmakers.
C. Studios share box office receipts with theater operators.
D. Studios get a cut from movie rentals and DVD and Blu-ray sales.
E. All of the options are correct.
A main purpose of split-run and demographic editions of magazines is to .
A. move the magazine industry back to more general-interest publications
B. make sure that local and regional companies are cut off from advertising in
nationally distributed magazines
C. create fewer places for advertisers to spend their money
D. attract more targeted advertisers and compete with television advertising
E. None of the options is correct.
In July 2009, created perhaps the most ambitious print-digital hybrid
project at the time.
A. Redbook
B. Wired
C. Popular Science
D. Salon
E. Slate
Which of the following was designed as a general-interest or mass audience magazine?
A. The Saturday Evening Post
B. Reader’sDigest
C. Time
D. People
E. All of the options are correct.
Which of the following is true about shooting movies with digital video?
A. Directors typically have to wait several hours to see the results of a day of shooting
footage.
B. The digital cameras are typically much bulkier than those that use film.
C. It can be very expensive to capture additional footage with digital cameras if
someone makes a mistake.
D. Digital cameras are more accessible and less expensive, opening the door to more
independent filmmakers.
E. None of the above options is correct.
According to the textbook, which of the following statements about television news is
true?
A. There have been relatively few changes to the television news industry since the start
of the 24/7 cable news channels.
B. From the very start of television, networks were concerned with keeping their news
departments separate from big commercial sponsors like tobacco companies.
C. ABC News was the first news program to be aired by a major television network.
D. Since the 1960s, national polls have shown local television news is typically thought
of as more trustworthy than newspapers.
E. None of the above options is correct.
Split-run editions are .
A. magazines that publish two issues a month
B. a new ownership strategysuch as when Bertelsmann bought Random House
C. magazines that have ads that are tailored for geographic areas
D. national magazines that tailor their content for specific groups of readers
E. None of the above options is correct.
Which of the following is not true about PR?
A. It tends to borrow a “neutral” voice from reporters or public officials.
B. Journalism and PR have a symbiotic relationship with each other.
C. Press releases are one of the common types of corporate PR.
D. PR tries to shape the public agenda for private interests.
E. PR ultimately has little influence on news content.
Media historian James Carey defined communication as .
A. “an exchange of verbal or nonverbal symbols between individuals or groups'”
B. “a symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired, and
transformed”
C. “the gathering of a middle class to critically discuss the world around them”
D. “a strict set of rules governing how different social classes interact”
E. All of the options are correct.
Guglielmo Marconi envisioned wireless telegraphy only as point-to-point
communication and not as a one-to-many mass medium.
In an effort to attract more viewers, the four major TV networks have reduced the
number of commercials aired during prime time.
Most advertisements provide little information about how a product was made or how it
compares with similar brands.
Network radio helped modernize America by deemphasizing local in favor of national
programs.
Computer engineer Ray Tomlinson established the “login name@host computer”
convention for e-mail addresses.
are sold from racks in drugstores, supermarkets, and airports as well as in
bookstores.
Between 80 and 90 percent of new movies lose money during their theatrical release.
AM is better than FM for playing music because of its greater clarity and fidelity.
Film noir movies are notable for their bright lighting, lush sets, and upbeat story lines.
The final step in the critical process, _________occurs when citizens actively work to
create a media world that best serves democracy.
By presenting both sides of a controversy, reporters always ensure that the news story is
fair and balanced.
Music in the cloud eliminates the physical ownership of music.
Compact discs hit the market in the early 1980s, and by 2000 their sales were still
lagging way behind the albums and cassette tapes most people were familiar with.
__________is a language filled with jargon, abbreviations, and acronyms relevant to
gameplay.
While P. T. Barnum felt that all publicity was good publicity, Edward Bernays viewed
all public relations as propaganda and therefore unethical.