Skeletal age is determined by __________ to see the extent to which soft, pliable cartilage
has hardened into bone.
A)X-raying the long bones of the body
B)measuring the circumference of the skull
C)X-raying the spinal cord and teeth
D)measuring the length of the arms and legs
When her friend, Reagan, loses her favorite toy, 4-year-old Nahla puts her arm around
Reagan and offers to give Reagan a cookie from her lunch. Nahla’s emotional response to
Reagan’s loss exhibits
A)personal distress.
B)effortful control.
C)emotional self-regulation.
D)altruistic behavior.
Based on the U.S. Census Bureau statistics on women in various professions, which of the
following professions did women dominate most as of 2012?
A)artist
B)lawyer
C)psychologist
D)registered nurse
Many ethnic minority young people from low-SES families
A)experience a longer period of emerging adulthood than their Caucasian agemates.
B)arrive at emerging adulthood with past experiences that compromise their academic
preparedness for college.
C)complete their college degrees by age 23 and enroll in graduate school shortly thereafter.
D)enter careers earlier because they focus on career goals over finding a long-term
romantic partner.
The overriding factor in positive adjustment after divorce is
A)the gender of the child.
B)effective parenting.
C)the custody arrangements.
D)the temperament of the child.
Maribeth views all knowledge as embedded in a framework of thought. She believes that
each person, in arriving at a position, creates her own “truth.” Maribeth is using
A)dualistic thinking.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)relativistic thinking.
D)epistemic cognition.
Most infant test scores
A)are helpful in assessing the newborn’s adjustment to life outside the womb.
B)emphasize higher-order cognitive skills such as memory and problem solving.
C)do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.
D)are good long-term predictors of childhood intellectual functioning.
Which of the following adolescents is most likely to have parents with a permissive
attitude about sex?
A)Iryana, an Iranian
B)Kirsten, a Canadian
C)Madison, an American
D)Fau, a Papua New Guinean
Dr. Ewing measures individual differences in large samples using intelligence tests. If
performances at each age level form a normal distribution, the results are probably
__________-shaped.
A)U
B)L
C)bell
D)star
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and zinc supplement interventions
A)are effective for children with severe diarrhea, but they are expensive to administer.
B)must be administered by trained medical professionals or public health workers.
C)save the lives of millions of children each year.
D)are less effective than immunization in preventing childhood deaths due to diarrhea.
John Locke opposed the use of
A)praise as a reward.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)physical punishment.
D)any form of discipline.
Younger children who are sexually abused frequently react
A)with generalized fearfulness.
B)by running away.
C)by attempting suicide.
D)with substance abuse.
Today, most researchers view development as
A)mostly influenced by the environment.
B)mostly influenced by heredity.
C)the result of a dynamic interplay between heredity and environment.
D)neither influenced by heredity nor the environment.
Which of the following statements about child sexual abuse is true?
A)Children with disabilities are abused less than their typically developing peers.
B)Sexual abuse is committed against children of both sexes, but more often against girls.
C)Most cases begin in middle childhood and are not reported until adulthood.
D)Typically, the abuser is a nonrelative whom the child does not know very well.
Compared to childhood, adolescent sibling relationships
A)often become more intense.
B)often become less intense.
C)are characterized by greater competition.
D)often become hostile and quarrelsome.