Which of the following correctly describes current anthropological thinking about the
emergence of state level societies?
a. States emerged for different reasons in different places and at different times.
b. Control of irrigation was critical to the original emergence of the state.
c. The state emerged only once, in Egypt, and all states are in some way descendent
from the original Egyptian state.
d. Diverging ethnicity and competing ethnic groups led to the origin of the state.
e. Warfare is the most critical factor in the emergence of state-level societies.
Which of the following is the most noticeable object of linguistic change?
a. Vocabulary.
b. Morphology.
c. Syntax.
d. Kinesics.
e. Proxemics.
Ecological anthropologists are most interested in:
a. Interactions between humans and their environments.
b. Controlling human population growth.
c. Protecting the natural environment.
d. Increasing the world’s food supply.
e. Assessing the effectiveness of different methods of making a living.
Which of the following is necessary for an individual to become a shaman?
a. The ability to experience direct contact with the supernatural.
b. A period of training and a certification by an official institution.
c. A parent or family member who is already a shaman.
d. An ability to cure people both in- and outside of the cultural group.
e. An ability to play-act and lie convincingly.
All of the following are ethical concerns raised by anthropologists who work in military
projects such as Human Terrain Systems (HTS) except:
a. Inability to obtain informed consent.
b. Inability to keep the confidentiality of informants.
c. Secretive nature of so much of the research data.
d. Safety of informants.
e. Inability to pay the informants adequately.
Sea ice is critical to the Inuit because:
a. It allows animal herds to migrate from one area to another.
b. It connects different Inuit communities.
c. It is used as a highway and as a building material.
d. It is their only supply of fresh water.
e. It allows supply planes to land, bringing needed food and equipment as well as
tourists.
When learning language, the human instinct is to:
a. Learn the language your father speaks.
b. Learn the language your mother speaks.
c. Learn the language of the group in which you are socialized.
d. Humans do not have an instinct to learn language.
e. Learn as many languages as possible.
The people most likely to be attracted to a prophecy are those who:
a. Have power in society and can make the most of it.
b. Have the leisure time to pursue the learning that goes with prophecy.
c. Are looking to avoid taking responsibility for their actions.
d. Are women between the ages of 17 and 27.
e. Are most dissatisfied with the way they believe the world is.
In the next four decades, almost all the growth in urban populations is expected to
occur:
a. In South America.
b. In Europe.
c. In the Southern Hemisphere.
d. In the wealthiest nations.
e. In the world’s poor nations.
According to Katherine Newman, job loss in the U.S. entails not only economic decline
but also a decline in:
a. Education.
b. Power.
c. Prestige.
d. Occupation.
e. Social mobility.
Alternative, or multiple sexes and genders have been found only in Native North
America.
As social complexity and population increase, the differences between economic
systems is mostly measured as a difference in:
a. Access to productive resources.
b. Management of distribution systems.
c. Quantity of consumption of goods and services.
d. Fitness and leisure activities available to the population.
e. Political organizations.
Human speech is infinitely productive. This means that:
a. Humans can combine words into new, meaningful utterances that they have never
heard before.
b. Human beings never become tired of talking.
c. The more human beings talk, the more productive they are economically.
d. Every normal adult can produce an infinite number of sounds.
e. Human speech is always directed toward some productive purpose.
Which of the following is an example of a rite of passage?
a. Going to a college football game
b. Taking a mid-term exam.
c. Going to see a professor during office hours.
d. Getting married.
e. Traveling across the country to visit a relative.
Why did anthropology pay little attention to women prior to the 1970s? All of the
following are correct except:
a. Anthropologists assumed that men’s activities were political and more important than
women’s activities, which were domestic.
b. Many anthropologists assumed that men represented women as well and there was no
need to study these as separate genders.
c. The majority of practicing anthropologists was male and had little access to working
with women in other societies.
d. Anthropologists were all male and there were no women available to study other
women.
e. Men’s roles were much more public and were more easily studied.
Anthropologists consider that the concept of humanness and the recognition of human
status is:
a. A biological designation.
b. A sociological achievement.
c. A cultural designation.
d. Patterned and integrated throughout cultures.
e. A cultural universal.
Which of the following correctly characterizes relations between children and their
divorced fathers in the United States?
a. In most cases, divorced fathers take an active role in raising their children.
b. Almost half of the children of divorced parents have not seen their biological father
for more than a year.
c. Shared custody is common in the United States and most children see their biological
fathers at least once a month.
d. At least half of all children of divorced parents have legally severed relations with
one of their parents, usually the father.
e. Since divorced, non-custodial fathers tend to be permissive, their children’s
relationships with them tend to be warmer than those children’s relations with their
mothers.
Studies of Chinese workers who have migrated to cities in search of factory jobs have
demonstrated that:
a. They prefer factory labor, even under harsh conditions, and rarely return to the
countryside if they lose their jobs.
b. They are “target workers.” They work to earn a certain amount of money, and once
they achieve that target, they return to the countryside.
c. They are only held in urban areas by specific jobs. When these jobs end, they return
rapidly to the countryside.
d. They advance rapidly, earning higher salaries and greater status within 18-24 months.
e. They are generally dissatisfied with working conditions and often engage in strikes.
A major distinction between chiefdoms and states is that:
a. Chiefs control their people through fear, whereas states control their people through
political consensus.
b. Chiefdoms are egalitarian, whereas states have social ranking.
c. In chiefdoms, social ranking is based on kinship, whereas in states, kinship ties no
longer extend throughout the society.
d. In chiefdoms, there is no centralized authority, whereas in states, there is a
centralized authority.
e. Chiefdoms are integrated economically through redistribution, whereas states are
economically integrated through reciprocity.
All of the following are common attributes of gender relations in pastoral societies
except:
a. Frequent warfare.
b. Male-centered kinship systems.
c. Joint male-female ownership of herds.
d. Male dominance overall.
e. Male-female control over the distribution of herds.
All of the following are common violations cited to Foxconn in its sweatshops in China,
Brazil, Mexico, and other countries except:
a. Improper disposal of hazardous waste.
b. Closing the factory without notifying the workers.
c. Under-aged workers.
d. Crowded dorms and living conditions.
e. Falsification of records.
Name three different types of development approaches that were used in the
post-colonial era.
An important effect of European contact on the Yanamamo was:
a. An increased ability to learn English.
b. A decrease in the amount of violence.
c. Better health and education.
d. Acquisition of firearms and increased fatalities in war.
e. A more technologically effective exploitation of their forest environment.
Corvee labor was:
a. Unpaid labor demanded by colonizers of native populations.
b. Work done by the French and other colonizers to improve conditions in their
colonies.
c. Transporting the materials necessary for colonialism.
d. The portion of followers’ labor redistributed by a chief or bigman.
e. A method used by colonizers to appease native populations.
A increasingly popular part of world music and dance is:
a. The use of double meanings in lyrics.
b. Hip-hop.
c. The authentic representations of personal identity.
d. Break-dancing.
e. African music.
In many cases, multinational corporations have effects on gender roles in society. These
effects:
a. Generally favor men at the expense of women.
b. Generally favor women at the expense of men.
c. Are generally the same on both men and women.
d. Might favor either men or women depending on the circumstances.
e. Generally improve the positions of both men and women but largely at the expense of
children.
The reality of kinship relations in a Korean village described by Soo Choi emphasizes:
a. Kinship behavior closely follows kinship rules.
b. Brothers always ally with each other against sisters.
c. Ancestor worship is an empty ritual form.
d. Individuals manipulate kinship rules to gain advantage.
e. Women are unable to exploit kinship ties to their advantage.
Which of the following is the most common form of marriage (favored) across
cultures?
a. Monogamy.
b. Serial monogamy.
c. Sororal polyandry.
d. Polyandry.
e. Polygyny.
The main subsistence crop of the Lua’ is:
a. Wheat.
b. Potatoes.
c. Rice.
d. Beans.
e. Corn
When discussing anthropological research, Francisco Aguilera states that:
a. Anthropologists often have difficulty incorporating their beliefs into the corporate
world.
b. Anthropologists do not use their participant-observer methodology outside of work
conducted in the field.
c. Disciplines in the social sciences have little to offer corporate businesses.
d. Anthropologists are more apt at talking about culture than people from other
disciplines.
e. Anthropologists have better analytical skills than people from other disciplines.
What role did disease play in European colonization?
a. It decimated native populations leaving little resistance to European incursion.
b. It decimated European explorers and left them unable to face native armies.
c. It caused the spread of disease and mutation of new forms that were more dangerous.
d. It made colonization more difficult, as Europeans had to bring doctors with them.
e. It had a minor role in colonization, although there were losses among both Europeans
and natives.
Describe three characteristics of fundamentalism.
Define ethnocentrism and explain how it can be maladaptive.
Productive resources are goods, natural resources, or information that is used to create
other goods.
Define assimilation.
Distinguish between bilateral and ambilineal descent.
Anthropology degrees lead to about the same job prospects as other liberal arts degrees.
Project Camelot was a great example of collaborative success between anthropology
and the U.S. military.
Political organization refers to the patterned ways in which power and authority are
used in a society to regulate behavior.
Today, only a very small percentage of the world’s people live by foraging.
Trickster tales can be an indirect way of expressing dissatisfaction with an unequal
system of social relations.
What advantages does cultural adaptation have over biological adaptation?
What are three critical problems facing poor nations today?
What is meant by the concept of “gender hierarchy”?
Some sexual interactions, such as kissing, are practiced universally, while others are
not.
What is an “IRB”?
Although, in the 1960s, many anthropologists were employed by development
organizations such as the United States Agency for International Development, by the
1980s, this number dropped precipitously.
The process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group is called
__________.