Alexia was born with cataracts in both eyes. What can you tell her parents about when she
should have corrective surgery?
A)Alexia should wait to have corrective surgery until adulthood when her eyes are fully
mature.
B)Alexia should not have corrective surgery during the first six months of life because her
vision would be severely and permanently impaired.
C)The longer cataract surgery is postponed beyond infancy, the less complete Alexia€s
recovery in visual skills.
D)Alexia should wait until later in childhood to have corrective surgery because there are
no sensitive periods in visual development.
An __________ of __________ during early childhood supports plasticity of the young
brain, helping to ensure the child will acquire certain abilities even if some areas are
damaged.
A)underproduction; neurons
B)underproduction; synapses
C)overproduction; neurons
D)overabundance; synaptic connections
Denyse and David are both actors and have enrolled their children in acting classes. This is
an example of a(n) __________ gene-environment correlation.
A)passive
B)evocative
C)active
D)dynamic
In the United States,
A)77 percent of mothers begin breastfeeding after birth, but more than one-third stop by
6 months.
B)most mothers follow the advice of the World Health Organization regarding when to
stop breastfeeding.
C)breastfeeding has become more common, especially among low-income minority
women.
D)only 25 percent of preterm babies are breastfed at hospital discharge, despite the
benefits of breast milk.
Lilly’s parents are gay. Research shows that she is likely to
A)be confused about her gender identity.
B)suffer from poor mental health.
C)have inadequate peer relations.
D)identify as heterosexual.
Which of the following statements is supported by research on fathers?
A)In the United States, Hispanic fathers spend more time engaged with their children
compared to fathers in other ethnic groups.
B)In dual-earner families in the United States, mothers and fathers tend to devote equal
time to caregiving.
C)In the United States, high-SES fathers devote more time to their children than low-SES
fathers.
D)Fathers in Japan spend more time engaged in infant caregiving compared to fathers in
the United States.
Chronic stress triggers __________, which, in turn, frequently induces a raging appetite
and subsequent weight gain.
A)insulin resistance
B)diabetes
C)parental overfeeding
D)a sedentary lifestyle
Five-year-old Matthew and 6-year-old Jessica like to pretend that they live or work in a
zoo. Often, Matthew will pretend to be an animal and Jessica will pretend to be the
zookeeper. This is an example of __________ play.
A)parallel
B)associative
C)sociodramatic
D)functional
Among African-American, Hispanic, and Native-American groups, __________ and
__________ lead to lower rates of leaving home.
A)instability; an extended period of emerging adulthood
B)poverty; a cultural tradition of extended-family living
C)personal desires; enrollment in college courses
D)self-sufficiency; an equal relationship with parents
An estimated 22 percent of U.S. children suffer from
A)marasmus.
B)food insecurity.
C)kwashiorkor.
D)iron deficiency anemia.
Cohort effects occur when
A)participants in longitudinal studies become “test-wise” from repeated study.
B)particular cultural and historical conditions influence participants born at the same time.
C)participants in longitudinal studies move away or drop out of the research.
D)participants in a study have a special appreciation for the scientific value of research.
__________ was designed to downplay culture-dependent information, which is
emphasized on only one factor (verbal reasoning).
A)The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition,
B)The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV)
C)Sternberg’s triarchic theory of successful intelligence
D)Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
In the Strange Situation, Juan uses his mother as a secure base. When she leaves the room,
Juan cries for a few minutes. When she returns, Juan seeks contact with her and then
begins to explore toys once again. Juan is displaying characteristics of __________
attachment.
A)insecure-avoidant
B)secure
C)disorganized/disoriented
D)insecure-resistant
Two landmark cognitive changes that take place in Substage 4 of the sensorimotor period
of Piaget’s theory are __________ and __________.
A)deferred imitation; animistic thinking
B)intentional behavior; object permanence
C)dual representation; intentional behavior
D)deferred imitation; object permanence