In certain species of nonhuman primates there are groups where only one dominant
female has access to mates. The other females must wait until the opportunity to gain
mate access presents itself. This will have direct impacts on ” fitness,” influencing
which of the following?
a. reproductive success
b. aggressiveness
c. strength
d. age at death
The evolution of the modern horse with a single hoof on each limb from a dog-sized
ancestor with multiple digits is an example of:
a. macroevolution.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. microevolution.
An indirect approach to the study of homeostasis:
a. involves the study of populations in their natural environments.
b. involves all levels of any organism’s biology.
c. involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
d. involves the replication of environmental conditions and human responses to those
conditions.
Distribution refers to:
a. the location of food across the landscape.
b. the dispersal of a primate group, particularly regarding food scavenging.
c. the equitable distribution of food among relatives.
d. the adjustment in size of a feeding group.
Scientists can determine the type of plant consumed based on:
a. carbon 14.
b. isotopes.
c. index fossils.
d. carbon 13 and carbon 12.
Friedrich Blumenbach categorized humans into the following races:
a. Negroids, Caucasoids, and Mongoloids.
b. Mongoloids, Negroids, Inuit, and Caucasoids.
c. Mongoloids, Malays, Ethiopians, American Indians, and Caucasoids.
d. Mongoloids, Negroids, Malays, Europeans, and Caucasoids.
Availability of food:
a. is dependent upon kin selection.
b. can be highly variable, depending on season and rainfall.
c. is determined by the alpha male only.
d. is restricted to individuals in the dominant hierarchy.
The Nariokotome Boy discovered at Lake Turkana (Homo erectus) has modern human
traits such as:
a. shorter arms and longer legs than those of earlier hominids.
b. retention of an australopithecine-like body plan.
c. longer legs than later hominids.
d. a mix of arboreal and bipedal adaptations.
The best-accepted hypothesis for the dispersal of African monkeys to the New World is:
a. platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated to South America in
the Oligocene.
b. platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated across the Atlantic to
South America.
c. platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated south on land to
Antarctica, then to Patagonia.
d. Old and New World anthropoids evolved independently from different lineages in
Africa and South America, respectively.
High, pointed crowns indicate a diet of:
a. fruit.
b. leaves.
c. meat.
d. insects.
Hunter-gatherers’ skeletons tend to show:
a. less osteoarthritis.
b. higher levels of activity.
c. lower workload/activity.
d. bones with lower density.
The domestication of wheat and barley spread to Greece by:
a. 1,000 yBP.
b. 7,000 yBP.
c. 15,000 yBP.
d. 8,000 yBP.
What can be learned from studying a population through time?
a. We can learn that lifestyles do not change over time.
b. We can learn that diets, and therefore human biology, change through time.
c. We can learn that consuming the wrong foods over time does little to population
health.
d. We can learn that human physiology does not change through time.
The frequent occurrence of agriculturalism around the world was accompanied by two
phenomena:
a. increase in population size and food shortages.
b. change in climate and consequent change in environment.
c. distribution of land wealth and trade of produce.
d. decline in nutritional quality and increase in infectious disease.
Physical anthropologists might examine:
a. human brain biology.
b. molecular structure of non-primate diseases.
c. nonprimate growth and development.
d. linguistic evolution.
C. Loring Brace argued that the race concept:
a. was first used by Marco Polo as he recorded huge amounts of information during his
travels in Asia.
b. has been present throughout human history.
c. can be traced to the Renaissance, when seafaring travelers observed differences
between people from distant lands.
d. originated in ancient Egypt.
What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence
seen in the archaeological record?
a. Violence increased.
b. Violence decreased.
c. Violence stayed about the same.
d. Intercultural violence increased.
Which species became increasingly specialized to foods requiring heavy chewing?
a. Paranthropus
b. Homo habilis
c. Homo erectus
d. Australopithecus
How has the environment influenced human biology?
a. Activities you engage in put stress on your muscles and bones.
b. Humans influence the environment through climate change.
c. Changes in the climate produce changes in the environment resulting in changes in
human biology through diet.
d. Humans are not subject to adaptation and therefore are not influenced by
environment.
The following are complementary bases in DNA:
a. adenine and thymine.
b. adenine and cytosine.
c. guanine and thymine.
d. guanine and uracil.
Gran Dolina adult hominids were similar to later Homo sapiens in their:
a. ability to produce art.
b. large cranial capacity.
c. wide nasal apertures.
d. none of the above
A direct approach to the study of homeostasis:
a. involves the study of populations in their natural environments.
b. involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
c. involves the replication of environmental conditions and human responses to those
conditions.
d. involves all levels of any organism’s biology.
According to Darwin, natural selection operates at the level of:
a. individuals.
b. genes.
c. populations.
d. species.
Homo erectus‘s high degree of adaptive success is evidenced by its:
a. increased reliance on material culture.
b. increased intelligence.
c. reliance on changing environments.
d. both a. and b.
Primates are:
a. a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large
brains.
b. often species with a long snout.
c. diverse species that live in various types of environments.
d. both a. and c.
In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited
from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for:
a. Mendel’s law of independent assortment.
b. Thomas Hunt Morgan’s ideas of mutation.
c. Mendel’s law of segregation.
d. Mendel’s concept of nondisjunction.
Comparisons of tooth wear in living apes and extinct Miocene apes suggest that some
extinct species of apes ate:
a. insects, fruit, and leaves.
b. leaves, grass, and bark.
c. leaves, nuts, and fruits.
d. nuts, fruits, and small animals.
The advantageous “attributes” to which Darwin refers are now known as:
a. traits.
b. genes.
c. alleles.
d. chromosomes.
Evolution can best be defined as:
a. the appearance of a new species.
b. a change in allele frequencies in a breeding population over time.
c. changes in the DNA of an individual over his or her lifetime.
d. a process that occurs only over extremely long periods of time.
African monkeys, including Miss Waldron’s red colobus, are:
a. among the most endangered animals due to human exploitation of resources.
b. a healthy population living in a subtropical environment.
c. not highly adaptable to changing environments but do well in zoos.
d. among the most endangered animal species due to disease.
The earliest members of the genus Homo have been found dating from:
a. 0.5 mya”present.
b. 2.5″1.0 mya.
c. 4.0″3.0 mya.
d. none of the above