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The ability to shift attention from one stimulus to another improves by _____ months.
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)6
Despite facing school difficulties, family transitions, and early maltreatment, Marni is a
well-adjusted, easygoing third grader with favorable self-esteem. Marni is a __________
child.
A)'stress-resilient"
B)self-care
C)mastery-oriented
D)popular-prosocial
The greatest drawback of the information-processing perspective is its difficulty with
A)breaking down children's thoughts into precise procedures.
B)putting the components of cognition into a broad, comprehensive theory.
C)analyzing cognition into its components.
D)reducing changes in thoughts into manageable proportions.
Dropout rates among urban minority teenagers
A)have decreased steadily over the past decade.
B)are highest in the states of Mississippi and Alabama.
C)are influenced by experiences of discrimination.
D)are higher for girls than boys.
In which of the following scenarios is Henry, age 9, most likely to experience guilt?
A)He accidentally knocks his friend over while running on the playground.
B)He breaks his mother's favorite glass while trying to help her clean the dishes.
C)He forgets to clean up his toys before leaving for school.
D)He peeks at the answers of his classmate during a spelling quiz.
For Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking is
A)dual representation.
B)egocentrism.
C)animistic thinking.
D)centration.
The information-processing approach has little to say about
A)linear cognition.
B)how children think at different ages.
C)logical cognition.
D)imagination and creativity.
Dr. McMath is an evolutionary developmental psychologist. Which of the following
statements about Dr. McMath is probably true?
A)He is primarily concerned with the genetic and biological bases of development.
B)He wants to understand the entire person-environment system.
C)He is primarily concerned with environmental influences on development.
D)He focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation.
In industrialized nations, childhood diseases have declined dramatically during the past
half century, largely as a result of
A)generous government nutrition programs.
B)government-funded health care.
C)widespread immunization of infants and young children.
D)a reduction in the number of viral and bacterial infections worldwide.
At age 6, the average North American child
A)weighs about 60 pounds.
B)begins to add about 7 pounds in weight each year.
C)is 3½ feet tall.
D)begins to grow at a rate of 4 to 5 inches each year.
Piaget's class inclusion problem demonstrates children's limitations in
A)conservation.
B)seriation.
C)hierarchical classification.
D)irreversibility.
Research shows that by age 3, children in Early Head Start
A)demonstrate gains in cognitive and language development.
B)demonstrate an increase in aggression.
C)experience a "washout effect."
D)score, on average, 15 points higher in IQ than nonenrolled children.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
A)enables identification of general regions of stimulus-induced activity.
B)detects changes in electrical brain-wave activity in the cerebral cortex.
C)is appropriate for infants and young children, who can move within limited range during
testing.
D)records the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to particular stimuli
using the EEG.
Once school-age children establish a dominance hierarchy,
A)aggression increases.
B)rough-and-tumble play decreases.
C)hostility is rare.
D)cheating is common.
Newborn Sam's poorly coordinated swipes toward an object in front of him is called
A)the pincer grasp.
B)the ulnar grasp.
C)prereaching.
D)voluntary reaching.
Kyla's grandma recalls menarche as a traumatic experience. She would like things to be
different for Kyla. What advice can you give her?
A)She should let Kyla be surprised by menarche and then answer any questions she has
about puberty.
B)She should explain to Kyla that menarche is an unpleasant but necessary experience.
C)She should prepare Kyla in advance and treat it as an important milestone.
D)She should provide Kyla with biological information but deliver the information as
clinically as possible.
Describe some problems that investigators face in conducting longitudinal research.
Describe preterm and small-for-date infants. How are they different?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of children's computer usage in the preschool and
early school years?
Terra is Rh-negative and her husband, Marcus, is Rh-positive. Advise Terra about the
consequences of this blood type incompatibility.
Principal Jaster wants to reduce drug experimentation among his high school students.
Describe the components of an effective drug prevention program.
Describe signs of high-quality child care for infants and toddlers, based on standards for
developmentally appropriate practice.
Discuss how sleep habits contribute to body growth in children, and explain how disrupted
sleep affects cognitive functioning.
Describe Mildred Parten's sequence of peer sociability, including follow-up research on the
different types of play.
