According to Kohlberg, which of the following is the first stage of moral development?
A.Social contract or utility and individual rights.
B.Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity.
C.Heteronomous morality.
D.Social systems morality.
Answer:
A New Zealand longitudinal study assessed the self-esteem of adolescents at 11, 13, and
15 years of age and then assessed the adjustment and competence of the same
individuals when they were 26 years old. Its results indicated:
A.no connection between self-esteem in adolescence and competence as adults.
B.that well-adjusted, competent adults were just as likely as adults characterized by
poorer mental and physical health to have low self-esteem in adolescence.
C.individuals with low self-esteem in adolescence showed no negative outcomes in
adulthood.
D.that adults characterized by poorer mental and physical health were more likely to
have low self-esteem in adolescence than well-adjusted, competent adults.
Answer:
The social role theory suggests that:
A.the social hierarchy and division of labor are important causes of gender differences
in power, assertiveness, and nurturing.
B.the mother role and the father role are social constructions that have emerged from
our evolutionary past.
C.social roles are chosen, not determined.
D.nature is the primary determinant of differences between the social labels that we call
“gender”.
Answer:
B.F. Skinner, a behaviorist, would argue that the most important things that shape
development are _____.
A. thoughts and feelings
B. unconscious motivations
C. rewards and punishments
D. culture and society
Answer:
According to Bowlby’s conceptualization of attachment, what is the time period of
phase 2?
A.From 2 to 7 months
B.From birth to 2 months
C.From 12 to 24 months
D.From 8 to 12 months
Answer:
Jasper’s grandparents show a strong interest in all their grandchildren but are careful not
to give child-rearing advice. They are using the _____ style of grandparenting.
A.formal
B.remote
C.fun-seeking
D.distant
Answer:
Irene, age 16, is a first-generation immigrant whose parents came to the United States
from Ukraine when she was just a baby. Irene enjoys many of the same things that her
American friends do, but respects her culture’s traditions and speaks to her parents in
their native language. Irene seems to have formed a _____ identity.
A.additive
B.bicultural
C.multiplicative
D.culturally confused
Answer:
According to Piaget’s theory, from _____ years of age, children are in a transition
showing some features of the first stage of moral reasoning and some features of the
second stage, autonomous morality.
A.7 to 10
B.4 to 7
C.10 to 12
D.1 to 4
Answer:
Julie believes that Jason’s accidental act of breaking 12 plates is worse than Peter
intentionally breaking two plates. Julie can be best described as a(n) _____.
A.moral autonomist
B.gender-typed individual
C.empathic thinker
D.heteronomous moralist
Answer:
Which of the following is a strategy that adults would recommend to adolescents to
help in makeing friends?
A.Be psychologically aggressive
B.Wait for the other individual to initiate interaction
C.Be open to engaging in gossip
D.Respect yourself and others
Answer:
Which of the following statements about cognitive mechanics and cognitive pragmatics
is true?
A.Educational qualifications and professional skills are components of cognitive
pragmatics.
B.Cognitive mechanics improves in late adulthood.
C.Decline in cognitive pragmatics may begin as soon as early midlife.
D.Knowledge about the self and life skills that help people to master or cope with life
are components of cognitive mechanics.
Answer:
The _____ approach to reading instruction emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for
translating written symbols into sounds.
A.whole-language
B.phonics
C.balanced-instruction
D.morphological
Answer:
Most of Blanca’s classmates call her a “bully”, and many say that they “don’t like her at
all”. Very few children consider her to be a friend. Which of the following is Blanca’s
probable peer status?
A.Popular
B.Neglected
C.Rejected
D.Controversial
Answer:
In 20112012, _____ percent of 6- to 11-year-old U.S. children were classified as obese,
which is essentially unchanged from 20092010.
A.12.5
B.37.5
C.24.5
D.17.5
Answer:
Identify the major task that must be mastered in early adulthood, according to Levinson.
A.Reaching the pinnacle of one’s career
B.Developing a stable life structure
C.Focusing on family development
D.Forming an image of one’s career
Answer:
In the context of the size of same-sex groups of children, from about 5 years of age
onward:
A.boys are more likely to associate together in larger clusters than girls are.
B.girls are more likely to engage in rough-and-tumble play than boys.
C. girls are more likely to participate in organized group games than boys are.
D.boys were more likely than girls to play in dyads or triads.
Answer:
Males report experiencing and expressing more _____ than do females.
A.joy
B.fear
C.anger
D.shame
Answer:
Nine-year-old Tadako’s uncle has been taking pictures of her naked body and selling
them on the Internet. This constitutes:
A.verbal abuse.
B.sexual abuse.
C.child neglect.
D.physical abuse.
Answer:
Sandra, 9, was always behind in class because she could only write very slowly, and
even then her painstaking efforts would be virtually illegible and riddled with spelling
mistakes. Her teacher referred her to a psychologist who diagnosed her with a learning
disability called:
A.ADHD.
B.dysgraphia.
C.ASD.
D.dyscalculia.
Answer:
In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism’s _____, nurture to its _____.
A. personality traits; abilities
B. attributes; ecological heritage
C. biological inheritance; environmental experiences
D. acquired traits, heredity
Answer:
Children who have reached the concrete operational stage are capable of _____, which
is the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension.
A.centration
B.seriation
C.reversibility
D.classification
Answer:
Which of the following statements is true about Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development?
A.Most people in Western cultures achieve the highest stages of moral development by
adulthood.
B.In some cultures, high levels of moral reasoning derive from different values than
those that form the basis of Lawrence Kohlberg’s claims.
C.Kohlberg’s theory does not stress the importance of justice, but instead focuses more
on the prevention of suffering of others.
D.Kohlberg’s theory captures the essence of moral thinking in all cultures; thus, it is
culturally unbiased.
Answer:
Cynthia is conducting a survey on the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse in her
city. Which of the following problems is she likely to encounter while using this
method of data collection?
A. The assumption that a person’s behavior is consistent and stable.
B. The inability to sample a large number of people.
C. The assumption that surveys have to be conducted only in person.
D. Some participants may not tell the truth and instead give socially acceptable
answers.
Answer:
If passion and commitment are present but intimacy is not, Sternberg calls the
relationship _____ love, as when one person worships another from a distance.
A.romantic
B.fatuous
C.affectionate
D.consummate
Answer:
In general, maintenance of ties with the deceased is an accepted practice in:
A.Japan.
B.the Hopi of Arizona.
C.Bali.
D.the United States.
Answer:
Which of the following did Vygotsky call the “buds” or “flowers” of development?
A. Tasks a child can accomplish independently
B.Intuitive thinking and rational thinking
C.A child’s cognitive skills in the process of maturing
D.A child’s gross motor skills that are fully developed
Answer:
The elementary school years where children need to direct their energy toward
mastering knowledge and intellectual skills is when Erikson’s stage of _____ takes
place.
A. intimacy versus isolation
B. integrity versus despair
C. autonomy versus shame and doubt
D. industry versus inferiority
Answer:
Life-span developmentalists who focus on adult development and aging describe
life-span development in terms of four “ages”. The “third age” in this conceptualization
spans from:
A. adolescence to prime adulthood.
B. twenties through fifties.
C. approximately 60 to 79 years of age.
D. approximately 80 years to the time of death.
Answer:
A pediatrician is testing baby Rosaria. The doctor assesses Rosaria’s neurological
development, reflexes, and reactions to people and objects. Rosaria’s pediatrician is
using the:
A. Apgar Scale.
B. Infant IQ test.
C. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.
D. WISC.
Answer:
Mary Carskadon and her colleagues concluded from their research of the sleep patterns
of U.S. adolescents that:
A.schools should start and end earlier to help adolescents to keep to earlier bedtimes.
B.early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents.
C.early school starting times are conducive to the sleep patterns of older adolescents but
not to those of younger adolescents.
D.early school starting times are most conducive to the sleep patterns of adolescents.
Answer:
A toddler is likely to learn something in the zone of proximal development (ZPD) if:
A. the toddler has mastered all the skills necessary.
B. parents or teachers do not interfere.
C. the task is too difficult for the child to accomplish on his own.
D. the toddler takes no help from a parent or teacher.
Answer: