An important kinship feature in a bilateral kinship system is:
a. Clan.
b. Matrilineage.
c. Patrilineage.
d. Phratry.
e. Kindred.
Comparing culture to a system implies that:
a. A change in one part of culture will result in changes in other parts of culture.
b. Culture is a means to an end.
c. Each cultural pattern has the same meaning for every individual.
d. A culture has no immediate relationship to its natural environment.
e. No part of culture can work unless every part of culture works.
Norms are best described as:
a. Symbolic meanings about values and beliefs.
b. Values held only by older members of a society.
c. Ideas people in a society share about the way things ought to be done.
d. Behaviors present in large hierarchical societies but absent in small egalitarian
societies.
e. The same as laws in most societies.
Colonialism differed from expansion by private companies in that:
a. European governments had military technology and private companies did not.
b. It often took the form of raid and pillage.
c. It involved the active possession of foreign territory by European governments.
d. European governments were involved in private companies but not in colonial
enterprises.
e. Companies often wanted to spread European values but governments created
colonies for purely economic reasons.
Present and discuss the various theories of dowry in India.
The hijra subculture:
a. Has no connection to the rest of Indian society.
b. Is ignored by Indian society.
c. Was introduced by the British into Indian society.
d. Has disappeared from Indian society.
e. Has a ritual role in Indian society.
The total value of all goods and services produced in a country is known as:
a. Gross export value.
b. Gross national product.
c. Gross national production.
d. Gross national income.
e. Gross productive income.
If you live in a society that practices exogamy, you must:
a. Have more than one husband or wife.
b. Get married (no one is allowed to be a single adult).
c. Marry someone of your own social group.
d. Marry someone of a different social group.
e. Marry someone chosen by your mother’s parents.
The “Green Line” is:
a. The police force that protects American cities.
b. The geographical line that separates desert areas from tropical areas.
c. The fence that was built across Australia, from Starvation Harbor on the South Coast
to a point near Cape Keravdren on the North West coast.
d. The border between Israel and the West Bank.
e. The fence separating the United States from Mexico.
In a system of cross-cousin marriage, a man would be required to marry:
a. His mother’s sister’s daughter.
b. His mother’s brother’s daughter.
c. His father’s brother’s daughter.
d. A woman with whom he has no blood relations.
e. A member of his own village.
In foraging (hunting and gathering) societies, land:
a. Is generally owned by individuals who are generous about letting others use it.
b. Is customarily used by certain groups, but others are not denied access to it.
c. Is owned by the corporate group and not the individual.
d. Is owned by chiefs or headmen, who have the right to sell it if desired.
e. Is privately and exclusively owned by men.
The purpose of divination is to:
a. Get in contact with the divine.
b. Find water.
c. Prove that God exists.
d. Find something hidden.
e. Cast a spell on an enemy.
Preindustrial agriculture uses all of the following techniques except:
a. Fertilizer.
b. Selective livestock breeding.
c. Crop rotation.
d. Irrigation.
e. Pesticides.
All of the following are basic functions of kinship except:
a. It reveals who is biologically related to whom.
b. It defines the members of society on which an individual can depend for help.
c. It sets up the transfer of property from one to another generation.
d. It sets up the succession within family as social positions are transferred across
generations.
e. It serves as a way of structuring society.
A conflict perspective on social stratification argues that:
a. Social stratification results from the constant struggle for scarce goods and services.
b. Stratification is good because it ensures that all of society’s tasks get done.
c. The jobs that people take are in no way related to the income that they can earn.
d. Social stratification is in conflict with the American ideal of equal opportunity.
e. Social stratification is functional in agricultural societies but not in industrial ones.
With the introduction of wage labor into Nukumanu, in the 19th century, women’s status
has:
a. Gone up economically, but down socially.
b. Declined economically and socially.
c. Increased in cultural and ritual importance.
d. Remained the same as prior to Western contact.
e. Increased as a result of their participation in the church.
A Pidgin is:
a. A language of contact and trade that includes a mixture of other languages.
b. A language that can be taught to parrots and other non-human animals.
c. A language made by blending of other, earlier languages.
d. The language of lower class or oppressed groups in a society.
e. The language dialect speakers use when conversing with speakers of the standard
version of a language.
During the 19th century, European travelers thought the Orient was threatening because:
a. They did not believe they could acquire land in this region.
b. They believed it was the opposite of European civilization and thus irrational.
c. They did not know how to speak the language of the people in this region.
d. They were unable to safely traverse its terrain.
e. The Orient had more economic stability than the majority of European countries.
The globalization of food has resulted in large increases in the wealth and power of:
a. The governments of poor nations.
b. Rural populations in poor nations.
c. Rural populations in wealthy nations.
d. Already wealthy city dwellers in wealthy nations.
e. Multinational corporations involved in agriculture.
Korean village women legally:
a. Have no right to their parents’ property.
b. Have the right to a large cash settlement at marriage.
c. Cannot inherit any land if they have been given a large cash settlement at marriage.
d. Are entitled to an equal share of family property.
e. Are entitled to a share of family property equal to half that given to a male.
Which of the following was primarily known as a native anthropologist?
a. Zora Neale Hurston
b. Franz Boas
c. Bronislaw Malinowski
d. Vincent Lyon-Callo
e. James Spradley
John Ogbu, a Nigerian anthropologist, studied minority children in schools in the
United States. His conclusion is that:
a. They do as well as non-minority children.
b. Their performance is better in the arts than in the sciences.
c. These children are held back primarily by their culture.
d. Minority schools are equal physically to non-minority schools.
e. Children from voluntary immigrant groups do better than children from involuntary
immigrant groups.
When a society practices fraternal polyandry:
a. Brothers share a wife.
b. It is the younger brother’s responsibility to find a bride for the older brother.
c. Two sisters are married to two brothers.
d. They always also practice sororal polygyny.
e. Women have much more power than men.
The International Phonetic Alphabet is a means of:
a. Writing all of the sounds of all human languages.
b. Teaching children to read at very early ages.
c. Communicating between people who speak different languages.
d. Translating easily among European languages.
e. Preserving languages threatened with extinction.
Researchers who study interpersonal space generally refer to three different ranges of
space. They are:
a. Friendly distance, antagonistic space, neutral space.
b. Intimate distance, personal distance, and social distance.
c. Built space, social distance, and personal distance.
d. City space, peri-urban space, and rural space.
e. Fixed space, negotiated distance, and individual space.
Kluckhohn showed when the Navajo traded with outsiders:
a. They were extremely careful to be honest and fair.
b. They engaged in silent trade, placing the goods they wanted to trade in the open and
accepting whatever their trading partners gave.
c. They were particularly interested in jewelry and less interested in money.
d. It was considered morally acceptable to deceive.
e. They generally got taken.
In the United States, the “cultural defense” has sometimes been used to justify:
a. Organized crime.
b. Domestic violence.
c. Consumer fraud.
d. Illegal immigration.
e. Armed robbery.
A religious cosmology, or world view, functions primarily to:
a. Give meaning and order to the lives of believers.
b. Differentiate primitive from civilized societies.
c. Increase technical control over the physical environment.
d. Increase the upper class’ control of the lower class.
e. Keep a society in a constant state of conflict.
An important criticism of tourism is that:
a. Natives are rarely able to make any money from tourists.
b. It tends to turn culture into a marketable commodity.
c. It prevents natives from modernizing their cultures.
d. Since it allows natives to access outside funding, it results in a decrease in
government spending in tourist areas.
e. The small number of tourists does not represent the larger global population and this
leads to cross-cultural misunderstanding.
In premodern Chinese families, as women with male children grew older:
a. They were increasingly oppressed and marginalized in their families.
b. They tended to become more powerful, often becoming the dominant person in the
household.
c. They were often discarded by their husbands in favor of younger, sexier wives.
d. Relations between them and their husbands tended to grow increasingly contentious.
e. They often divorced and sought out new, more powerful husbands.
Which are the most common types of preferential marriages?
a. Marriage with foreigners.
b. Marriage with cross cousins.
c. Marriage with siblings.
d. Marriage into an elder generation.
e. Marriage to mother’s sisters’ children.
Anthropologists say that human adaptation is biocultural. Which of the following best
represents what is meant by this statement?
a. Human adaptation is both biological and cultural, and anthropologists cannot
distinguish between the meanings of these concepts.
b. Human adaptation involves both biological and cultural dimensions and each
influences the other.
c. Human adaptation is unique among all animals because it is based exclusively on
physiological adaptations.
d. Human adaptation is the same as that of all animal because culture plays a role in the
adaptation of all forms of life.
e. Human adaptation is based exclusively on culture. Biology is subsumed within the
cultural dimension and does not exert an independent influence on humans.
Sudanese is the most descriptive kinship system.
Among the Toda, the fact that wives could have multiple husbands might have been
caused by high levels of female infanticide.
Anthropologists only study contemporary, living peoples.
Belize has long been affected by global economic forces. Recently, however, two
contradictory trends have developed in Belize cuisine. What are these?
Communication among nonhuman animals can be as complex as human language.
Humans’ capacity for culture is based on our unique biology.
Conflict is present in large hierarchical societies, but absent in small egalitarian
societies.
It is common for anthropologists to feel confused and disoriented when they first arrive
to their field sites.
In some Muslim countries, such as Tunisia, the wearing of the veil is discouraged.
What is the RACE Project?
__________ is the movement of cultural traits from one society to another.
What are the primary steps in swidden cultivation?
Pillage was one of the main ways that Europeans transferred wealth from newly
discovered areas to their home countries.
Thousands of Palestinians cross from the West Bank to Israel every day. This has
resulted in increased militarization of the border and heightened tensions.
Political authority in the Asante state was symbolized by the golden stool.
The vocabulary of a language reflects the culture of the people who speak it.
In Minangkabau culture, when a woman gets married she and her husband move into
her family’s “big house.”
Europeans could not have created colonies without the help of anthropologists.
In most societies, how did European colonialism impact alternative genders?
Most anthropological data comes in the form of extensive field notes, audio recordings,
and photographs.