The total population of the world as of 2012 is approximately:
a. 2.7 billion.
b. 4.53 billion.
c. 6.84 billion.
d. 10.74 billion.
e. 12.5 billion.
Fritz Scholder’s paintings combine historical images with abstract expressionism and
pop art. A fundamental theme of his work is:
a. The oppression of Native Americans by the U.S. government.
b. His ambivalence about his Indian identity.
c. The need for Native Americans to get over the injustices of the past and get on with
their lives.
d. The importance of the repatriation of Native American remains and artifacts.
e. The underlying humanity of all people, regardless of superficial racial and ethnic
differences.
Your textbook argues that multiculturalism:
a. Should be embraced by all Americans.
b. Should be resisted by all who fear the passing of the American Way of Life.
c. Is inevitable in an increasingly globalized world.
d. Exposes a fundamental truth about the nature of human societies and cultures.
e. Is dangerous to every culture but is also ultimately unstoppable.
When a group collects goods and then gives them out to their own members or
members of other groups, they are participating in:
a. Reciprocity
b. A market economy.
c. Redistribution
d. The institutionalization of unequal wealth.
e. The kula trade.
The horticultural cycle of the Lua’ indicates that they:
a. Have little knowledge about the best growing conditions for a particular crop.
b. Plant and harvest according to the government’s willingness to buy their crops.
c. Use their highly effective knowledge of their environment for subsistence and cash
crops.
d. Were better off l00 years ago when they were foragers in the same environment.
e. Are unable to participate in cash cropping since they are distant from markets where
their products would be in demand.
Which of the following best describes the economics of potlatch of the tribes of the
Pacific Northwest Coast?
a. An irrational destruction of valuable property.
b. An imitation of European parties and feasting.
c. The most fundamental reason why these tribes have such a low standard of living.
d. A method increasing productivity and distributing food and goods to a large dispersed
population.
e. An expression of a cultural value that emphasizes charity and helping the poor.
A creative process in which improvisation is more highly valued than originality is
characteristic of:
a. African music.
b. Western painting.
c. Navajo singing.
d. Balinese dance.
e. Inuit carving.
A study of speech norms in the United States indicated that:
a. Social class has no effect on speech patterns.
b. Each social class has only one norm regarding pronunciation.
c. Variation of speech patterns is most characteristic of upwardly mobile social classes.
d. The lowest classes make the most effort to impress others by using different speech
forms in different situations.
e. Studies of linguistic variation make no real contribution to understanding social class
differences.
Which of the following was identified as one of the early art colonies in the U.S.?
a. Phoenix, AZ.
b. Taos, NM.
c. Tucson, AZ.
d. Billings, MT.
e. Harrodsburg, KY.
Dowry is:
a. The obligation of a man to work for his wife’s family.
b. Wealth that moves from the family of the husband to the family of the wife.
c. The obligation of premarital chastity commonly found in European societies.
d. A husband’s obligation to provide his wife’s family with vast tracts of land.
e. A presentation of goods by the bride’s kin to the groom’s family.
Among the Netsilik Inuit, a tupiliq is:
a. A shaman.
b. A chief.
c. A stone used for meditation.
d. An evil spirit.
e. A symbol that represents the group.
Indigenous peoples involve all of the following except:
a. Members of a society that have occupied a region for a long time.
b. Members of groups recognized as original inhabitants.
c. Members of any group who dress as indigenous peoples and participate in native
pow-wows.
d. Members of a group that is recognized as very ancient to a region.
e. Members of a group that continues to live in a traditional manner.
All of the following correctly express the differences between a lineage and a clan
except:
a. Members of a lineage can trace their common ancestors, but members of a clan
cannot.
b. Members of a lineage tend to live together or near each other, whereas members of a
clan tend to be spread over different local communities.
c. Members of a lineage recognize a blood tie, whereas members of a clan do not.
d. Lineages have primarily domestic and economic functions, whereas clans more
frequently have political and religious functions.
e. Lineages consist of fewer members than do clans.
The key element that differentiates the European conquest of the Americas from
European actions in Africa and Asia is that:
a. European technology was clearly far superior to that of Native Americans, but they
had less of an advantage over Asians and Africans.
b. European diseases decimated American populations, but had very little effect on
African and Asian populations.
c. European populations were much higher than those of the New World but much
lower than the populations of Africa and Asia.
d. Native Americans understood the Europeans as gods. Africans and Asians were under
no such illusions.
e. Essentially there is no difference between the two. European powers were able to
conquer and dominate wherever they went.
In her study of AIDS education in Nepal, Stacy Pigg found that:
a. Although people knew what AIDS was, they did not associate it with sexual behavior.
b. AIDS prevention programs had been ineffective in the past because they assumed
that a large percentage of the population could speak English.
c. Strict taboos in Nepalese society made it impossible to talk directly about
homosexual behavior.
d. Traditional methods of sexual regulation could be used to control the spread of AIDS.
e. Even though most Nepalese do not speak English, information about AIDS was more
effectively conveyed in English than in Nepalese.
When we compare dominant and sub-cultures within a society, it is clear that:
a. Dominant cultures are more powerful than sub-cultures.
b. Dominant cultures are inferior to sub-cultures.
c. Most members of sub-cultures are between the ages of 15 and 25.
d. Members of sub-cultures come closer to achieving their ideal pattern than do
members of the dominant culture.
e. While members of the dominant culture usually control the government, members of
sub-cultures usually control the media.
An example of an achieved status is:
a. Occupation.
b. Sex.
c. Ethnic group.
d. Caste.
e. Clan.
Describe the ceremonial exchange that takes place in kula.
The English word “cats” has how many morphemes?
a. 4 morphemes: c-a-t-s.
b. 2 morphemes: cat-s.
c. No morphemes.
d. 1 morpheme: cat.
e. 3 morphemes: ca-t-s.
How would you describe Lewis Henry Morgan’s and Edward Tylor’s evolutionary
theories?
a. It is the study of how humans have changed from simple to complex communication
and transportation systems.
b. It is the study of how societies have harnessed more energy for production over time.
c. It is the study of how the human body has changed physically from earlier to later
forms, sometimes even changing species.
d. It is the study of the history of human society from simple technology and social
institutions to complex ones.
e. It is the study of how native people classify their natural world.
Which of the following contributed most to the development of slavery as an economic
institution?
a. Monoculture plantations.
b. Silver and gold mines.
c. Development of Western frontiers.
d. Advanced shipping techniques.
e. Development of factory production.
Vincent Lyon-Callo works with homeless people. His style of anthropology is best
described as:
a. Symbolic and interpretive.
b. Functionalism.
c. Psychological.
d. Engaged.
e. Ecological.
Which statement is most true of conflict in band-level societies?
a. Band-level societies never have conflict within the band.
b. Conflict is mainly between corporate kin groups fighting over land.
c. Band-level societies frequently engage in warfare.
d. Band-level societies minimize conflict between individuals but it does occur.
e. Band-level societies have died out mainly because their excessive interpersonal
violence led to population decreases.
Marking the body as an expression of cultural and personal identity is known as:
a. Self-mutilation.
b. Body art.
c. Cultural tattooing.
d. Ritual cleansing.
The authors of this book argue that the critical factor that enabled Europeans to colonize
successfully in the 19th century was:
a. Disease.
b. Mass production of weapons.
c. The solid support of their citizenry.
d. Democratic government.
e. An ideology that stressed bringing civilization to the savages.
Which of the following was the most important impact of colonialism on anthropology?
a. Developing new theories.
b. Providing grant money for research.
c. Encouraging native peoples to become anthropologists.
d. Determining fieldwork locations.
e. Opening new universities.
John Grey, a critic of Thomas Friedman’s notion that the world is flat, argues that:
a. Friedman downplays the role of race in understanding wealth and poverty.
b. Friedman does not fully realize the potential of the internet to transform relationships
among people.
c. Friedman overstates the degree to which trade and communication promote peace
and stability.
d. Friedman does not understand the degree to which current conflicts express ancient
ethnic hatreds.
e. Friedman does not understand the degree to which the current world is the result of
imperialism and colonialism.
According to Jim Igoe, who worked with the Maasai, a critical problem with
development is that:
a. Many projects are based in Western understandings that seem logical to the people
who design the projects but less plausible to their recipients.
b. Many projects assume a level of education that is just not present among the project
recipients.
c. Projects that are designed by local communities are often unacceptable to the people
who have to fund them.
d. Western project managers are rarely accepted by project recipients in poor nations.
e. Although major donors want to fund large projects, the kinds more likely to work are
small projects.
A nativistic religious movement is:
a. An attempt by an economically powerful group to maintain its control of society.
b. A religious movement that looks to the re-establishment of a past golden age.
c. A series of rituals designed to determine who is and who is not a true member of a
group.
d. An ecclesiastical movement to convert nonbelievers.
e. An attempt by the state to impose state religion on its citizens.
One thing that the Yoruba and Igbo of Nigeria as well as the Mende of Sierra Leone
have in common is that:
a. They are all hunting-gathering societies.
b. They are all societies that have important third gender groups.
c. In all three, the king is also the head priest.
d. In all three, women held important formal political office.
e. All three were state level societies.
In Lua’ horticulture, women:
a. Play no role in cultivation but only process food.
b. Harvest rice along with the men.
c. Do all cultivation jobs except driving a tractor.
d. Take care of the animals rather than work in the fields.
e. Plant and harvest kitchen gardens but do not participate in growing or harvesting the
principal crop.
All children, regardless of culture, go through the same stages and sequence for
language learning.
Museum exhibits are a point of contact between the West and the art of indigenous
cultures.
Some global forces do not lead toward linguistic homogenization. What two factors
today do not show linguistic homogenization?
Why is it difficult to measure the “carrying capacity” of the earth?
What was the primary role of the two-spirit in most Native American societies?
Based on mathematical models of migration and genealogy, when do scientists believe
that all contemporary humans most recently shared a common ancestor?
Thomas Friedman has argued that the result of globalization will be a more unequal and
more violent world.
John Winthrop, one of the early governors of Massachusetts, declared that settlers had
fair title to land because of vacuum domicilium. What does this mean?
How is agriculture different from horticulture?
Pastoralism can be either transhumant or nomadic.
What is the major defining characteristic of a state society?
Why do Fulani of Mali insult their children?
Many anthropologists agreed that women’s lower status in society was caused by the
private/public dichotomy. Ernestine Friedl disagreed. What were her arguments against
this position?
Even though many urban dwellers live in slums, they often have more amenities than
they had in the rural areas they left.
Describe gender relations in foraging societies.
How is the Ju”/hoansi interaction with elders and aging different from that of an urban
society?
What is structural anthropology?