The Tirailleurs Senegalais were:
a. A police force used to patrol Dakar, the capital of Senegal.
b. The name for the French troops that were stationed in Africa.
c. Workers in gold mines in West Africa caught in a battle between the French and
British.
d. A regiment of African troops drafted or enlisted into service in the French army.
e. African children who were forced into domestic service in French households.
In colonies, education was most frequently aimed at:
a. Achieving universal literacy.
b. Educating the poor, who would then become backers of the colonial regime.
c. Training the people that Europeans thought were the most primitive.
d. Training the children of the elites.
e. Fostering creativity and independence that could lead to prosperity.
Anthropologist Maria Messina found that all of the following are times in which
Moroccan women use henna except:
a. First night of marriage.
b. When the woman finishes college.
c. At ages 3-4 in preparation of Ramadan.
d. Toward the end of her pregnancy.
e. During transition from girlhood to womanhood.
The functionalist perspective on social stratification holds that:
a. The whole society benefits because the system provides motivation for people to take
risks or to fill difficult jobs.
b. Only the upper class benefits from the system.
c. Class and caste systems are both based on economic exploitation.
d. Affirmative action programs have no justifiable role in a democratic society.
e. Class conflict is the major way in which a society changes.
In general, the American reaction to the increasing religious diversity of the United
States has been:
a. Tolerance.
b. An increase in acts of violence against non-Christians.
c. An increase in missionary activity, both in the United States and abroad.
d. A movement to impose religious quotas on new immigrants.
e. Calls for increased separation of church and state.
When ethnocentrism becomes very marked and begins to target a specific ethnic group,
it can lead to:
a. Bureaucratization.
b. Racism.
c. Cultural relativism.
d. Moral superiority.
Which of the following correctly describes the Classical Mayan priesthood?
a. They spent their time in prayer and meditation.
b. Their key role was as healers of the sick.
c. They took vows of poverty and chastity.
d. They were not considered to be particularly important by the aristocracy.
e. They used drugs and pain rituals to reach ecstatic states.
What is meant by the term “well-founded fear”?
a. It is the name of a book about ethnic conflict cross-culturally.
b. It is a type of ethnic conflict in which genocide is conducted nation-wide.
c. It is the U.S. policy of granting political asylum to those who can prove they are
threatened in their home countries.
d. It is an immigration policy in the U.S. in which refugees are placed in areas where
their neighbors do not come from similar ethnic backgrounds.
e. It is a legal term that is used in U.S. courts to determine whether the plaintiff is guilty
of coercion and threat based on ethnic background.
Which of the following is associated with the assimilationist model of immigrant
adaptation in the United States?
a. The salad bowl.
b. The fondue pot.
c. The frying pan and skillet.
d. The melting pot.
e. The barbeque.
The change in the biological structure or lifeway of an individual that allows for better
survival is called:
a. Adaptation.
b. Environmental determinism.
c. Biological manipulation.
d. Natural selection.
e. Plasticity.
A central function of kinship in almost every society is that it provides for:
a. The basis of government.
b. The transfer of property between generations.
c. Recruitment for jobs.
d. Loans of money.
e. The division of friends from enemies.
Early anthropologists who relied on travelers and missionaries for their fieldwork data
were called:
a. Armchair anthropologists.
b. Novices.
c. Native anthropologists.
d. Secondhand anthropologists.
e. Early scholars.
New international conditions have created problems and opportunities for
anthropologists working in the field. What are some of the challenges that J.
Christopher Kovats-Bernat associates with doing “ethnography of violence”?
a. There is often unstable political organization, difficult and dangerous physical
conditions, and difficulties in making ethical decisions.
b. Informants do not want to work with the anthropologist because of lack of anonymity
and the anthropologist cannot live in a central location.
c. Social conditions are difficult, the anthropologist faces challenges in breaking local
laws, and newspapers will not publish personal interest stories.
d. It is difficult to study violence because it is infrequent and cannot be controlled. Also,
the anthropologist frequently cannot get official permission to work in areas of
violence.
e. Violence is a cultural concept and anthropologists find it difficult to define this term.
The “ethnography of violence,” according to Kovats-Bernat, is an ethnocentric concept.
For the Gwich”in, the most important result of climate change has been:
a. The increased presence of outside industries that have negative impacts on local
culture.
b. The need to find more sophisticated ways of keeping warm as their area cools.
c. Increased contact with outsiders and increasing ability to sell furs and native crafts.
d. The decrease in size and health of the caribou herd on which they depend.
e. Increased ability to use snowmobiles to hunt caribou and fur bearing mammals.
In a system of unilineal descent:
a. The grandfather is recognized as the only father.
b. Descent groups, which include relatives from both the father’s and the mother’s side,
are formed.
c. A household is composed of a man, his wife, his sons, and their children.
d. A man is not allowed to marry his cousin.
e. An individual belongs to the descent group of either the mother or the father, but not
both.
Which of the following is not a primary dimension of stratification?
a. Wealth.
b. Personality.
c. Prestige.
d. Symbolic power.
e. Political power.
The Maasai have faced increasing difficulties practicing transhumant pastoralism
primarily because:
a. Global warming has made grasslands scarce.
b. Government taxation policies have radically reduced the sizes of their herds.
c. Men now have the choice of herding or working in the tourist industry and most
frequently choose the later.
d. Cattle diseases have made herding impossible in much of the land the Maasai inhabit.
e. The required grazing land has been taken from them.
The central tenant of prosperity theology is:
a. By giving everything to the poor, Christians will achieve great rewards in heaven.
b. Money is the root of all evil.
c. God wants Christians to be wealthy.
d. Christians should earn money through hard work but should give at least 10 percent
of their wealth to the poor.
e. The personal wealth of Christians does not matter since true wealth and prosperity
lies in the church.
Current American immigration policies gives preference to the following family
members:
a. Spouses only.
b. Children only.
c. Spouses and children.
d. Brothers and sisters.
e. Grandparents.
In Minangkabau culture, rice land that belongs to a matrihouse is controlled by:
a. The senior male.
b. The senior female.
c. The first born son.
d. The first born daughter.
e. The nuclear family unit.
Because formal government is not present in the kula trading groups:
a. It is important that relations between partners remain friendly to reinforce the close
ties of the participants.
b. Disorder often disrupts the stability of the trade networks.
c. Some groups are able to achieve economic dominance over others.
d. Participants are able to trade without fear of government laws and prohibitions.
e. It is often difficult for trading networks to remain stable and maintain reciprocal
relationships.
The opportunities that people have to fulfill their potential in society is known as:
a. Social stratification.
b. Social mobility.
c. Life chances.
d. Arbitrariness.
e. Life exchanges.
The global food industry has led to increased poverty in rural America.
A study about different types of vegetables consumed today found that what percentage
of varieties of these vegetables is now extinct?
a. 35%.
b. 59%.
c. 74%.
d. 85%.
e. 97%.
One critical difference between Western ethnocentrism and the ethnocentrism of many
other peoples is:
a. Westerners are more ethnocentric than others.
b. Westerners are less ethnocentric than others.
c. Westerners have more often been in a position to impose their view of culture than
have others.
d. Western notions of ethnocentrism include religious superiority while others did not.
e. Western notions of ethnocentrism were justified while others were not.
Saami herders base their pastoral livelihood on what animal?
a. Cows.
b. Horses.
c. Reindeer.
d. Yaks.
e. Llamas.
Increased globalization and the movement from rural agriculture to urban industrial
employment:
a. Almost always benefits men at the expense of women.
b. Offers the promise of a better life for children, particularly girls.
c. Benefits men and women equally.
d. May benefit women more than men.
e. Almost always results in a decrease in the quality of life for women.
Which of the following statements about sweatshop labor is correct?
a. Sweatshop labor has been eliminated in Europe and America.
b. Sweatshop laborers are rarely subject to psychological or verbal abuse.
c. Western economists agree that sweatshops are generally good for developing
countries, even though the conditions are challenging.
d. America and European nations made extensive use of sweatshop labor in the past.
e. Western economists agree that most attempts to end sweatshop labor harm the very
people they are aimed at helping.
Karen houses are generally:
a. Built by men but owned by women.
b. Built with adobe brick.
c. Built without windows.
d. Built with their main living floor two or three feet below ground level.
e. Built in the shade under trees.
Economics is defined as:
a. The study of financial fluctuations within a particular society.
b. The study of the ways in which the choices people make combine to determine how
their society uses resources for production and distribution.
c. The study of the interaction between culture, politics, and finances.
d. The study of how the financial market influences a society’s financial and cultural
elements.
e. The study of activities that affect distribution, exchange, and consumption.
According to the text, which of the following is most important in controlling
population?
a. Distribution of birth control.
b. Educating the people.
c. Getting religious authorities to support birth control.
d. Getting government authorities to support population control programs.
e. Improving the life-chances of people in poor countries.
Malinowski’s and Boas’ practices of anthropology were alike in many ways as well. All
of the following are things that they shared except:
a. Both were committed fieldworkers.
b. Both saw other cultures/societies as fully rational.
c. Both valued the study of history as essential to a deeper understand of societies.
d. Both were scholars who opposed racism.
e. Both innovated the approach to fieldwork in anthropology.
Bilateral kinship systems:
a. Are found in most foraging and industrial societies.
b. Are the most common kinship systems in tribes.
c. Exist only among hunters and gatherers.
d. Are found everywhere except in the United States and Europe.
e. Are the same as double descent systems.
The Camars of Agra were successful in changing their position in the caste system as
soon as they made some money.
How would you characterize income inequality in the United States? Use examples.
Postmodernism has been accepted now by all anthropologists.
Trickster spirits are interested in their own benefit rather than that of the people who
believe in them.
Sir Edward Tylor’s early definition of culture was intended as a way of explaining the
differences between human societies.
Name three social changes that have occurred in China because of the shortage of
women.
Men in “San Blas,” Spain assert that all women are “seductresses and whores.”
Name and describe two types of polygamy.
Since they can be used in gardening, the key items exchanged in the Kula trade have
great economic value.
Define cognitive anthropology and give an example of a cognitive approach in the
discipline.
Cultures are systems, so a change in one aspect of a culture is likely to result in changes
in other aspects of the culture.
All individuals living in a capitalist society must participate in this economic system.
In Nuer culture, kinship lineage is important because all who are not in some way kin
are enemies.
Today, museum exhibits are critically examined for the representations they provide of
other cultures through the art on display.
What is code switching?
Wearing clothes with designer labels on them can be considered a form of nonverbal
communication.
Compare and contrast the concepts of norms and values.
Marriage is the way most societies arrange for the products and services of men and
women to be exchanged and for the care of children.
__________ are rural, food-producing populations that are incorporated into larger state
societies.