Young toddlers add to their spoken vocabularies at a rate of
A) four to five words a day.
B) one to three words per week.
C) four to five words per week.
D) one to three words per month.
The cerebellum
A) maintains alertness and consciousness.
B) aids in balance and control of body movement.
C) plays a vital role in memory and in images of space that help us find our way.
D) is a large bundle of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.
Approximately __________ of U.S. young people with a high school diploma have no
current plans to go to college.
A) one-third
B) one-fourth
C) one-fifth
D) one-sixth
Christine is 5″7″ and has blue eyes. Such directly observable characteristics are called
A) alleles.
B) phenotypes.
C) chromosomes.
D) genotypes.
__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.
A) Heredity
B) Body weight
C) A quiet and subdued environment
D) Early experience
The preference of __________ percent of Americans is to die at home.
A) 40 to 50
B) 50 to 60
C) 70 to 80
D) 80 to 90
The average U.S. 2-year-old watches __________ of TV and video per day.
A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour
C) 1 hours
D) 3 hours
In the United States, __________ is/are the leading cause of death among children more
than 1 year old.
A) drowning
B) motor vehicle collisions
C) fires
D) abuse and neglect
Which of the following statements about dying in intensive care is true?
A) It allows the family privacy with the patient.
B) It provides for quality communication with the family regarding the patient’s needs.
C) It is especially depersonalizing for the patient.
D) It allows the patient to die with dignity.
__________ is the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken
language.
A) Phonological awareness
B) Private speech
C) Ordinality
D) Cardinality
Deficits in __________ foreshadow poor conflict-resolution skills and eventual
weakening of the marital tie.
A) passion
B) intimacy
C) commitment
D) attachment
A study of maternal smoking during pregnancy and the DD genotype revealed that
A) by itself, the DD genotype was related to impulsivity, overactivity, and oppositional
behavior.
B) children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy scored lower than children of
nonsmokers in impulsivity.
C) children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy scored lower than children of
nonsmokers in overactivity.
D) children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy scored higher than children
of nonsmokers in impulsivity, overactivity, and oppositional behavior.
__________ can be thought of as a “mental workspace” that we use to accomplish
many activities in daily life.
A) Automatic processing
B) Sustained attention
C) Working memory
D) The sensory register
Which of the following statements is supported by research on childhood obesity?
A) All children are equally at risk for excessive weight gain.
B) Overweight children tend to have overweight parents.
C) Genetic factors are the primary determinant of obesity.
D) Most obese children “grow out of it” by adolescence.
During the elementary school years, on average, children learn about _____ new words
each day.
A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25
Which of the following statements about a school-age child’s ability to use
hypothetico-deductive reasoning is true?
A) She can sort out evidence that bears on three or more variables at once.
B) She can understand that hypotheses must be confirmed by appropriate evidence.
C) She can easily explain why a pattern of observations supports a hypothesis.
D) She cannot reason logically in make-believe play when a simple set of premises
defies real-world knowledge.
Infants’ play maturity and __________ predict advanced language progress in the
second year.
A) vocalizations during games
B) sleep patterns
C) social interaction skills
D) use of natural sign language
__________ make(s) crawlers and walkers more aware of the consequences of their
movements.
A) Experience in trying to keep their balance on various surfaces
B) Adult protection from steep inclines
C) Repeated falls on steep inclines
D) Training infants and toddlers to use the visual cliff
One reason that gains in IQ and achievement test scores from attending Head Start
quickly dissolve is that many of the children
A) enter low-quality public schools.
B) have to repeat grades in elementary school.
C) drop out of school before graduating.
D) are unable to keep up with the homework demands in grade school.
The overriding factor in positive adjustment following divorce is
A) shielding the child from family conflict and using authoritative child rearing.
B) children’s cognitive and social maturity.
C) children’s relationships with extended family, teachers, and friends.
D) court-mandated counseling for parents and children.
Piaget called children’s self-directed utterances __________ speech, reflecting his belief
that young children have difficulty taking the perspectives of others.
A) inner
B) egocentric
C) private
D) collaborative
Research on gender typing reveals that
A) as children interact with peers, they choose other-sex partners more often than
same-sex partners.
B) prenatally administered androgens suppress active play and aggression.
C) the presence of male sex hormones leads to a rough, noisy play style in boys.
D) in early childhood, girls are more gender-stereotyped than boys.
Mr. Peabody is frustrated with his daughter’s exaggerated sense of her personal
uniqueness. One way he could deal with this is to
A) acknowledge her unique characteristics, but also point out how he felt similarly as a
teenager to encourage the development of a more balanced perspective.
B) give her a “reality check” in which he points out many other people with similar
characteristics.
C) play along with her inflated sense of self, as it will eventually diminish on its own.
D) get his wife involved, as girls tend to be more receptive to information from their
mothers at this age.
Dizygotic twins
A) have the same genetic makeup.
B) develop more rapidly than children of single births.
C) are no more alike than ordinary siblings.
D) are less likely with each additional birth.
According to B. F. Skinner, __________ will increase the frequency of a behavior and
__________ will decrease the frequency of a behavior.
A) punishment; reinforcement
B) reinforcement; punishment
C) modeling; reinforcement
D) punishment; imitation
Kbler-Ross recommends that family members and health professionals
A) not prolong denial by distorting the truth about the person’s condition.
B) be understanding about the dying person’s denial and agree that his or her condition
is not terminal.
C) make decisions about medical interventions for the dying person until he or she
reaches acceptance.
D) bargain with the dying person when he or she is in denial, as this facilitates
acceptance.
Older adults who __________ adapt more favorably and feel better about it.
A) see aging as inevitable and uncontrollable
B) generate new, problem-centered coping strategies for aging
C) use cosmetics and surgery to combat aging
D) ruminate about the effects of aging
One reason that the psychoanalytic perspective is no longer in the mainstream of child
development is because
A) it tells us little about factors that contribute to personality development.
B) its theorists were so strongly committed to the clinical approach that they failed to
consider other methods.
C) contemporary theorists have found that personality development does not take places
in stages.
D) it fails to recognize the role of the early parent”child relationship in personality
development.
Jenelle, a divorced mother with two children, is marrying William, a divorced father
with three children. Which of the following statements is most likely true?
A) It will take three to five years for Jenelle and William’s blended family to develop
the connectedness and comfort of intact biological families.
B) Practical matters, such as financial security and social acceptance, will figure less
heavily into Jenelle and William’s marriage than in their first marriages.
C) Jenelle and William are less likely than never-divorced couples to view divorce as an
acceptable solution when marital difficulties resurface.
D) Jenelle and William will experience less stress from their children than parents in an
intact biological family.
As Jane grows older, she feels closer to her siblings and more connected with her
spouse. At 85, her contact with acquaintances has diminished and she is left with a few
very close relationships. She is not terribly interested in forming any new social ties.
Jane’s behavior is consistent with __________ theory.
A) disengagement
B) activity
C) socioemotional selectivity
D) continuity
Research on sex differences in motor skills during middle childhood indicates that
A) they become more pronounced in some instances.
B) boys are more advanced than girls in fine-motor skills of handwriting and drawing.
C) boys’ genetic advantage in muscle mass is large enough to account for their
gross-motor superiority.
D) boys outperform girls on skills that depend on agility and balance.
Women who pursue nontraditional careers
A) usually have more “feminine” traits and believe that their efforts will result in
success.
B) are more certain than their male counterparts that they can overcome barriers to
career success.
C) are usually low in self-reliance but are more satisfied with their jobs than their male
coworkers.
D) usually have “masculine” traits, such as high achievement orientation and
self-reliance.