Which of the following are Na men very unlikely to do?
a. Invite a lover to visit them in their homes.
b. Ride in motorized vehicles.
c. Have sex before they are 30.
d. Engage in agriculture.
e. Join the army.
The idea that gender is “constructed” means that:
a. Most cultures have few expectations about behavior as it relates to gender.
b. In a free society, like the United States, we can take on any gender characteristics we
like.
c. Masculine and feminine are essentially the same in all cultures, and any differences
across cultures are relatively superficial.
d. Gender is established by social norms and values rather than biology.
e. Gender traits are best analyzed with reference to material items, especially the built
environment.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965:
a. Increased restrictions on the number of immigrants permitted in the U.S.
b. Set immigration quotas on non-whites but allowed open-ended white immigration.
c. Greatly decreased the number of people allowed to legally emigrate from Mexico but
increased the number of Asians permitted.
d. Greatly expanded the number of people permitted to immigrate to the U.S. and
abolished quotas.
e. Almost completely eliminated immigration to the United States until 1980.
Which of the following correctly identifies the effects of Hurricane Katrina and the
government’s response to it?
a. It allowed people to come together across racial and class lines.
b. It allowed people to come together across racial lines but not across class lines.
c. It deepened the divisions of race and class already present in New Orleans society.
d. It allowed the poor an access to wealth not previously available and allowed some to
move into the middle class.
e. It created a “new racism” in a city that was among the least racist in America.
What is hubris?
a. Excessive pride or confidence that leads to arrogance and insolence.
b. The belief that one’s society is the most perfect currently existing society.
c. The belief that all cultures should be evaluated on their own merits rather than by a
universal yardstick.
d. Feelings of insecurity and inferiority caused by rapid culture change.
e. The belief that working hard will inevitably lead to success.
Which of the following beliefs is typical of the Sambia?
a. Homosexuals should be punished by stoning.
b. Only men can make men.
c. Women should endure but not enjoy sex.
d. One of the sexiest things you can do is eat your partner’s hair lice.
e. Boys who are effeminate should not have sexual relations with girls.
Applying one’s own cultural standards of value, worth, and morality to another culture
is called:
a. Ethnocentrism.
b. Participant observation.
c. Cultural relativism.
d. Ethnography.
e. Postmodernism.
In place of the artificially controlled laboratory, anthropologists rely primarily on:
a. Ethnography and collaborative research.
b. Cross-cultural comparison and life histories.
c. Ethnology and mapping.
d. Ethnography and cross-cultural comparison.
e. Life histories and mapping.
Which of the following correctly defines assimilation in the United States?
a. It is change in identity that a country makes when it opens its doors to immigrants.
b. It is a process in which immigrants were expected to leave behind their cultural
distinctions in favor of an American identity.
c. It is a process in which two new cultures come together to form a very different types
of third culture, including elements of both the immigrant’s home culture and also the
cultures of American citizens.
d. It occurs when one culture takes precedence over another and suppresses it. We saw
this in the early part of U.S. immigration history.
e. It is a process in which immigrants are selected based on allowable quotas in the
United States.
The peoples of the Great Sandy Desert in Australia traditionally made a living by:
a. Pastoralism.
b. Foraging.
c. Horticulture.
d. Agriculture.
e. Market trade.
Agriculture is characterized by a:
a. Simple technology, such as the use of a digging stick.
b. Low population densities when compared with other food getting strategies.
c. Relatively complex techniques of water and soil control.
d. Slashing and burning of forest cover.
e. Nomadic movement of village populations.
Anthropologists commonly distinguish three patterns of social differentiation:
a. Cephalus, acephalous, decephalous.
b. Small, medium, and large.
c. Democratic, communist, and fascist.
d. Egalitarian, rank, and stratified.
e. Primitive, advanced, technological.
In a system of double descent, as among the Yako of Nigeria:
a. Kinship is of no importance, and one can call on whichever individuals one wants for
aid.
b. An individual belongs to the patrilineal group of the father and the matrilineal group
of the mother.
c. Kinship is important, but there are no corporate kin groups.
d. Kinship is doubly important, because there are no other units of cooperation.
e. Each married couple makes a joint decision about whose kin they will live with.
Incest taboos universally apply to:
a. Members of the same village.
b. Mothers and sons.
c. First cousins.
d. Cross cousins but not parallel cousins.
The principal resource that Spanish Conquistadors sent back from the Inca Empire was:
a. Slaves.
b. Diseases.
c. Tobacco.
d. Gold.
e. Sugar.
A correct conclusion from the chapter regarding kinship in modern, complex societies is
that kinship:
a. Has no place in these societies.
b. Is more important than other forms of belonging, such as citizenship.
c. Is more important as a basis of social relationships than in more traditional societies.
d. Plays an important but not central role in establishing rights and relationships.
e. Is more important among the lower than the upper classes.
Elites in poor nations are often opposed to population control programs because:
a. Such programs often run contrary to religion.
b. Elites believe that their own chances of economic success are best with a very large
family.
c. Elites fear the social unrest that could result from attempts to force the poor to control
their population.
d. They suspect that wealthy nations promote population control in poor nations for
their own self-interest.
e. They believe their continued prosperity rests upon the fact that the poor of their
nation remain poor because they have large families.
Which of the following studies how languages are related to each other?
a. Biological anthropology
b. Human variation
c. Historical linguistics
d. Paleo-linguistics
e. Cultural linguistics
The theory of sociobiology views a culture as:
a. The visible expression of genetic coding.
b. As a way for members of society to understand who they are.
c. The mechanism that drives individuality and self-expression.
d. The result of little other than its own history.
e. A result of the sum total of personalities that makes it up.
Which of the following might a chief at a potlatch be likely to do?
a. Ask God for forgiveness of his sins.
b. Brag about his wealth and power.
c. Praise the wealth and power of the people he has invited.
d. Demand that his followers worship him.
e. Demand that those whom he invited give him gifts.
Polygyny among the Tiwi of Australia is most usefully viewed as:
a. A result of the extraordinary sexual desire on the part of Tiwi males.
b. An adaptation to the importance of food gathering as the basic means of survival.
c. An abnormal marriage pattern among the world’s cultures.
d. An illustration of the high degree of conflict in families with more than one wife.
e. An effect of conversion to Christianity.
The idea of private ownership of land tends to develop in societies where:
a. Material and labor investment in land becomes substantial.
b. Land is freely available to all.
c. Population is declining.
d. Technology is not widespread.
e. Men hunt and women gather.
Structural anthropology is largely concerned with:
a. The ways in which people build houses and public buildings.
b. The ways that biology and culture interact.
c. The ways in which different parts of a single culture affect each other.
d. The ways in which members of different cultures classify and understand their
environments.
e. Underlying patterns of thought common to all humanity.
Anthropological analyses of cargo cults have pointed out that:
a. The cults have often been effective in allowing natives to gain access to cargo.
b. The cults are largely based in the experience of people in World War II.
c. The cults are an example of the lack of direct connection between religious belief and
ordinary reality.
d. The cults have been used to create a hierarchy that has subordinated natives to
colonial authorities.
e. Although the cults were promoted by colonial officials, they were rarely in the best
interest of believers.
In classic anthropological descriptions of Korean villages, the focus in kinship has been
on:
a. Patriarchal authority.
b. Matrilineal descent.
c. Sharing of property equally by brothers.
d. Dowry.
e. Importance of the mother’s brother.
The Sudanese kinship system uses:
a. The same term for cousins on the mother’s side and cousins on the father’s side.
b. The same term for father and father’s brother.
c. The same terms for brothers and sisters and cousins.
d. A different term for almost every category of relative.
e. The same term for father’s brother and mother’s brother.
The masculine cultural belief in Spain that women’s lust is a threat to male honor and
dignity is:
a. A contemporary belief with no historical roots.
b. Realistic given the high rate of temporary male migration which leaves women
unprotected at home.
c. Rooted in traditional Christianity where the lustful woman is symbolized by Eve as
Adam’s temptress.
d. A unique cultural pattern found in few other places in the world.
e. In contrast to traditional Christianity where women are regarded as dignified, virginal
persons.
In her study of China’s one-child policy, Anthropologist Susan Greenhalgh worries that:
a. The policy might not be sufficient to prevent China’s population from increasing
rapidly.
b. Chinese children will be very smart but very self-centered and, as adults, will not
make very sophisticated leaders.
c. The policy is not very effective because it is rarely enforced.
d. China’s rural families might not have sufficient workers to generate adequate levels
of agricultural production.
e. The high number of abortions required by the policy will have a devastating
emotional effect on Chinese women.
What is a “bigman” and in which type of political organization are we most likely to
find this?
What is the primary function of the Spanish bullfight?
What does Clifford Geertz mean by saying that “culture is like a novel”?
What changes did postmodernism bring to anthropological fieldwork?
Distinguish power from authority.
In more than one half of the states of the U.S., English has been designated as the
official state language.
Manga has a widespread and influential role in the popular culture of the global
community.
What three social institutions did Europeans use to make colonial pay for itself and
render profit?
One universal aspect of the division of labor is that women have the major
responsibility for child care.
Under which type of subsistence system would you expect more gender equality and
why?
Explain why art is not universally considered a product of artistic innovation.
Anthropologists have never discovered a valid and consistent way of dividing humanity
into a fixed number of races.
The tribal “big man” is an inherited position of leadership.
Interpretive anthropologists would argue that football is a sport that is heavily laden
with sexuality.
In contemporary China, peasants are considered better off than urban dwellers.
Why do some anthropologists reject development projects?
It was the expanding influence and power of eastern Asian states that probably had the
greatest impact worldwide in the last several hundred years.