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According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is:
A.initiative versus guilt.
B.autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C.industry versus inferiority.
D.trust versus mistrust.
Answer:
According to Piaget, solving a puzzle is an example of a:
A. mental scheme.
B. mental adaptation.
C. behavioral adaptation.
D. behavioral scheme.
Answer:
The fiber that carries signals away from the neuron's cell body is called a(n):
A. axon.
B. dendrite.
C. neurotransmitter.
D. synapse.
Answer:
Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves
change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two
transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them?
A.Movement to a more personal school structure
B.Increased parental monitoring
C.The top-dog phenomenon
D.Decreased interaction with peers
Answer:
Experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, conclude that
_____ makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the
first year.
A. lack of innate emotions in the infant brain
B. the structural immaturity of the infant brain
C. incomplete myelination in the first two months
D. lack of reciprocity of emotional expressions
Answer:
Josh is three months old. In which of Jean Piaget's substages of sensorimotor
development is Josh?
A. Simple reflexes
B. First habits and primary circular reactions
C. Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity
D. Secondary circular reactions
Answer:
Bernice was raised by two lesbian mothers, whereas Jessica was raised by a
heterosexual couple. According to research, it is most likely that:
A.Bernice is more popular than Jessica, whereas Jessica is more psychologically
adjusted than Bernice.
B.Bernice and Jessica are the same with regard to popularity and mental health.
C.Bernice will have a homosexual orientation; Jessica will have a heterosexual
orientation.
D.both will grow up and marry men, but Bernice is more likely to get divorced.
Answer:
A message in the brain is "ferried" across the synapse by a _____, which pours out
information contained in chemicals when it crosses the synapses.
A. myelin sheath
B. dendrite
C. neurotransmitter
D. terminal button
Answer:
At which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development does a person
understand that values, rights, and principles undergird or transcend the law?
A.Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
B.Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
C.Social systems morality
D.Social contract or utility and individual rights
Answer:
Which of the following countries had the lowest estimated life expectancy in 2011?
A.South Africa
B.Singapore
C.Japan
D.United States
Answer:
Which of the following are prematurely aging cells that result from persistent immune
activation?
A.NK cells
B.red blood cells
C.B lymphocytes
D.Senescent T cells
Answer:
Most parents learn parenting practices from:
A.their own parents.
B.parenting educators.
C.their friends who are parents.
D.their older siblings.
Answer:
In E. Mavis Hetherington's research, the _____ were individuals who made up only
about 10 percent of the divorced group, and were "well-adjusted, self-sufficient, and
socially skilled."
A.defeated
B.good-enoughs
C.libertines
D.competent loners
Answer:
The _____ consists of an inner mass of cells that eventually develops into an embryo.
A. trophoblast
B. blastocyst
C. endoblast
D. cytocyst
Answer:
Children with superior talent for something are called:
A.gifted.
B.creative.
C.perspicacious.
D.sagacious.
Answer:
_____ develop(s) more rapidly during early childhood, and _____ develop(s) more
rapidly during middle and late childhood.
A.Long-term memory; short-term memory
B.Short-term memory; long-term memory
C.Knowledge; expertise
D.Expertise; knowledge
Answer:
Kuhel is a behaviorist. In the context of language development, he is most likely to
believe that language is:
A. learned with the learning acquisition device.
B. a special skill that has emerged with biological evolution.
C. a skill controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain.
D. acquired through reinforcement.
Answer:
In a national survey, _____ percent of U.S. 15- to 19-year-old boys and _____ percent
of girls said they had engaged in oral sex.
A.70; 60
B.55; 54
C.15; 22
D.8; 10
Answer:
_____ are characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells.
A.Blood and bone cancers
B.All child cancers
C.Skin and bone cancers
D.Skin and blood cancers
Answer:
_____ adults describe themselves as securely attached.
A.A majority of
B.Less than half of
C.Very few
D.About a quarter of
Answer:
Which parenting style is demanding and controlling, while also being rejecting and
unresponsive?
A.Authoritarian parenting
B.Indulgent parenting
C.Authoritative parenting
D.Neglectful parenting
Answer:
A strategy that can help to prevent neural tube defects is for women to take:
A.food rich in vitamin C.
B. adequate amounts of the vitamin B folic acid.
C.medication for diabetes.
D.food that is not contaminated with mercury.
Answer:
Paul is a gifted pianist. He was always highly motivated to learn and become an artist of
consummate skill. According to his mother, Paul always showed an intense and
obsessive interest in learning the instrument. He was always self-motivated and never
needed to be "pushed" by his parents. What characteristic, as described by Ellen
Winner, of gifted children is Paul exhibiting?
A.Precocity
B.A passion to master
C.Marching to their own drummer
D.Vehemence
Answer:
When Daniel Offer and his colleagues studied the self-images of adolescents in the
United States, Australia, Bangladesh, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, and
West Germany, at least _____ percent of the adolescents displayed a healthy self-image.
A.25
B.48
C.60
D.73
Answer:
Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps
track of where she is through periodic glances. She would most likely be classified as
being _____.
A.insecurely attached
B.extremely inhibited
C.securely attached
D.difficult
Answer:
The _____ theory focuses on the types of goals that individuals are motivated to
achieve as they approach the end of life.
A.selective optimization with compensation
B.activity
C.socioemotional selectivity
D.disengagement
Answer:
Tara has just entered the fetal period. Therefore, it has been _____ months since
conception.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
Answer:
When men use fight-or-flight manner to respond to stress, they are most likely to:
A.withdraw from social contact.
B.be merciful and forgiving.
C.seek social alliances.
D.tend and befriend people.
Answer:
Research with the memory-span task suggests that:
A. short-term memory increases during early childhood.
B. long-term memory reaches maturation by early childhood.
C. memory span depends on one's ethnic origin.
D. heredity is one of the major factors affecting memory.
Answer:
Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise?
A.Weight lifting.
B.Cycling.
C.Bodybuilding.
D.Sprinting.
Answer:
