Sophie exhibits social skills difficulties in her second-grade classroom. She often
displays defiant behavior toward other students and lashes out verbally or physically
when she becomes frustrated. Her language skills are delayed for her age. She sees a
speech-language therapist twice a week in a small group for assistance with language
and social skills. The type of support she receives by the speech-language therapist is
considered:
A) Specialized instruction
B) Curriculum-based instruction
C) Least restrictive instruction
D) Independent instruction
Vocabulary is one of the most difficult areas of reading to assess because it entails all of
the following reasons EXCEPT:
A) Knowing how many words students know.
B) Knowing which words they know and don”t know.
C) Knowing how many synonyms and antonyms there are for each word.
D) Knowing whether they know one or more meanings and can use them.
A six-year-old says “bis” for “fish,” “bi” for “fine,” and “bi” for “five.” He most likely
has a deficit in which area of language?
A) Syntax
B) Phonology
C) Morphology
D) Semantics
Mr. Sampson reads a story aloud to his kindergarten students for 20 minutes each day.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for this activity?
A) He wants to provide a model of fluent reading.
B) He wants to provide opportunities for discussions concerning the content of the
book.
C) He wants to provide students with an opportunity to apply the word recognition
strategies that they have been learning.
D) He wants students to be exposed to books that they otherwise might not encounter.
All of the following are concerns about using IQ-achievement discrepancy as a measure
of identifying learning disabilities EXCEPT:
A) The discrepancy is difficult to determine with young children.
B) IQ tests provide little information to assist teachers in improving or modifying their
instruction.
C) Formal IQ and achievement tests are expensive to administer.
D) Many young children ages 5″7 do not benefit from prevention programs.
Ms. Parker demonstrated how her students could predict the questions that will be
asked on a test. The students can use what they know about the teacher’s testing style,
their class notes, their maps, and other study aids to predict questions. Two days before
a test, Ms. Parker had the students work in cooperative groups and write what they
thought would be the most important questions on the test and then answer them. What
was the main purpose of Ms. Parker’s instruction?
A) To improve reading comprehension
B) To practice study skills
C) To reinforce cooperative learning
D) To model goal setting
At minimum, how often must an IEP be reviewed by the IEP team?
A) Monthly
B) Bi-annually (two times a year)
C) Annually
D) Every three years
When trying to determine whether or not there is a pattern to a student’s spelling errors,
all of the following questions should be asked EXCEPT:
A) Is the student applying mistaken rules?
B) Is the student applying rules that assist in remembering spellings?
C) Is the student purposely misspelling words that he knows how to spell?
D) Is the student spelling words correctly in isolation but not in context?
Mr. Chan teaches the students in his sixth-grade language arts class to edit by
demonstrating how he edits a paragraph that he has written. He reads a paragraph out
loud and stops after every sentence to ask himself if the sentence makes sense. He tells
the students that he is looking for spelling and grammatical errors. Lastly, he explains
that he skims the paragraph backwards to make sure that there are no mistakes that he
has missed. Which strategy is Mr. Chan using to teach his students editing?
A) Guided instruction
B) Shaping
C) The Premack Principle
D) Modeling
Fun and simple activities that families could do to help promote their children’s writing
might include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Spell with letter blocks or magnetic letters.
B) Help children make labels for their room.
C) Have them write a report of what they did that day.
D) Have them make a grocery list.
When compared with their peers without learning disabilities, students with learning
disabilities are all of the following EXCEPT:
A) At greater risk for social alienation and rejection.
B) Less accepted by peers.
C) Perceived as having lower social status and social skills.
D) More like to make new friends
Which of the following choices is NOT true of Tier 3 intervention?
A) It is for students who continue to experience difficulties during Tier 2.
B) Tier 3 is still never considered special education.
C) Tier 3 intervention is typically provided for a longer period of time and more
frequently than secondary intervention.
D) Instruction takes place individually or in small groups of two or three students.
How many vocabulary words should be taught each week to students?
A) 1″3
B) 5″7
C) 7″10
D) 15″20
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements needed for small-group
learning to be cooperative?
A) Interdependence
B) Collaborative skills
C) Group processing
D) Group accountability
Brenda struggles with reading and dislikes language arts. During language arts, she
frequently pokes the student in the seat next to her with her pencil and often gets up and
wanders around the room. Her teacher puts her in time-out. Brenda likes to sit by
herself and stare at the picture of the wall during time-out. Time-out is not effective for
Brenda because it:
A) Positively reinforces her undesirable behavior.
B) Negatively reinforces her undesirable behavior.
C) Negatively reinforces her good behavior.
D) Punishes her good behavior.
The term ‘situated cognition” refers to the principle that students:
A) Will learn complex ideas and concepts in the contexts in which they occur in
day-to-day life.
B) Learn best when they are given time to reflect upon their learning processes.
C) Benefit from constructing meaning from interacting with people around them.
D) Perform optimally within their zone of proximal development.
Which of the following choices does NOT indicate a way to monitor progress in writing
for a first-grade student?
A) Monitor the total number of words written.
B) Monitor the number of words spelled correctly.
C) Monitor the punctuation.
D) Monitor the number of complex sentences written.
Before RTI, the typical method for a student to qualify as having a learning disability
was to exhibit a discrepancy between:
A) Reading and math ability.
B) Oral skills and written skills.
C) IQ and achievement.
D) Achievement and motivation.
Mr. Henderson is an eighth-grade social studies teacher. His state requires that all
eighth-grade students take a social studies achievement test at the end of the year. The
scores of students at his school have been poor in the past and Mr. Henderson is under
pressure from the principal to raise the scores. He covers a large amount of material
each day to prepare his students for this test and some of his struggling students are
falling behind. What barrier to successful inclusion is Mr. Henderson experiencing?
A) Student ownership
B) Content versus accommodation
C) Individual versus class focus
D) Lack of preparation time
Louis loves working on the computer and is given extra computer time if he finishes all
of his math problems during math class. During his computer time, another child, Brent,
often uses the computer next to him. Louis becomes friends with Brent and they enjoy
working together. For Louis, social time with Brent becomes:
A) An antecedent.
B) A secondary reinforcer.
C) A primary reinforcer.
D) A negative reinforcer.
Which of the following systems of language refers to its structure?
A) Content
B) Use
C) Form
D) Pragmatics
Sheila moved to a new high school midyear. Her classmates and teacher have noticed
that she does some strange things in the classroom. She often sits alone and pretends to
smoke invisible cigarettes. When a student walks by her desk she pretends to extinguish
the cigarette and blow away the smoke. She often mutters under her breath or talks to
an imaginary person under her desk. From this information, Sheila may be exhibiting:
A) Internalizing behaviors
B) Externalizing behaviors
C) Learning difficulties
D) Aggressive behaviors
Ms. Volpe is working with a third grader who is an ELL and has difficulty forming
complex sentences and causal structures. The third grader said, “I didn’t arrive school
on time. The bus was late.” Ms. Volpe says, “Oh, you didn’t arrive to school on time
because the bus was late.” What technique is she using to assist this third grader?
A) Self-talk
B) Expansion
C) Chunk information
D) Slow pacing
In Mr. Swift’s second grade class, a group of students is experimenting with cooking
utensils such as measuring cups and spoons, egg cartons, and muffin pans. What
concept is Mr. Swift most likely discussing with his students?
A) One-to-one correspondence
B) Classification
C) Seriation
D) Fractions
The conventions of teaching writing include which of the following selections?
A) Capitalization, punctuation, and sentence structure
B) Prewriting, editing, and revising
C) Reviewing and proofreading
D) Manuscript and cursive
How many general education teachers do special education teachers generally work
with to coordinate students’ services?
A) None
B) Between 1 and 4
C) Between 5 and 10
D) Between 10 and 15
Designing instruction refers to:
A) Using effective, research-based instructional practices when teaching.
B) Ongoing assessment.
C) Using student data to plan for effective instruction.
D) Writing benchmarks and long-term goals on the IEP.
Figurative language includes which of the following components of language?
A) Similes
B) Syntax
C) Nouns
D) Adjectives
What is CBM for math?
A) A way of documenting the extent to which the student is learning the critical
elements in the targeted curriculum.
B) A strategy to review mathematical facts.
C) A way to justify and explain the operations of solving word problems.
D) A standardized math assessment that is administered once a year.
Which of the following is NOT a coteaching model?
A) Two mixed-ability groups
B) Multiple groups
C) Individual instruction
D) Two same-ability groups
Which of the following accurately describes phonemic awareness?
A) Rhyming and alliteration
B) Sentence segmenting
C) Segmenting, blending and manipulation of phonemes
D) Segmenting, blending and manipulation of syllables
Which of the following pairs of letters represents a single phoneme?
A) pr
B) ch
C) st
D) gr
Which of the following illustrates that Sergio has an IQ-achievement discrepancy that
may be used to indicate that he has a learning disability?
A) Sergio’s scores on an IQ test are higher than his scores on a standardized
achievement test.
B) Sergio’s scores on a standardized achievement test are higher than his scores on an
IQ test.
C) Sergio’s scores on two different IQ tests are significantly different.
D) Sergio’s scores on an IQ test are average but he is performing poorly in class.
Teacher- and student-led discussions benefit from all EXCEPT which of the following
choices?
A) Students occupy the “talk-time” for extended periods of time.
B) Teachers ask authentic questions that are linked to the text.
C) Teachers promote discussions that highlight a more analytic approach.
D) Students have no say in the discussion topic.
Which of the following is NOT an example of expository text?
A) Newspapers
B) Social studies text
C) Nursery rhymes
D) A travel brochure