Growth and development tend to proceed from the outer extremities to the spine.
The best intervention strategies evolve around activities within the context of daily
living.
Low vision has a corrected visual acuity of no better than 20/70.
Performance effectiveness of paraprofessionals should be evaluated only in an informal
session with the teacher.
A family resource center is an excellent way to access parent support groups.
The focus of therapeutic intervention has shifted from developmental goals to
functional independence.
50% of children who are deaf or hard of hearing have an additional disability.
Children develop “narrative” skills at about 2.
Most child-focused programs are currently directed by the teacher.
Another word for a positive reinforcer is antecedent.
The IFSP document contains outcome statements.
Teacher-initiated evaluations should not be necessary because teaching assistants can
learn most from self-evaluations.
Errorless learning is effective for children who are more often correct than incorrect in
their responses and have some self-confidence.
A cognitive skill appropriate for a preschool child is symbolic representation.
Research has shown that a factor significantly associated with positive child
development is maternal responsiveness.
To speak to a child with a hearing loss you should exaggerate your mouth movements.
As mandated by IDEA (P.L. 105-17), toddlers and preschoolers who have disabilities
should be served in special education classrooms.
Packaged, commercially available programs most often need modifications and
adaptations for a particular population of children.
Research reveals a significant relationship between visual-perceptual training and
improved academic performance.
An augmentative communication system should only be used when it appears that a
child will not learn to speak.
The first language is learned in predictable ways in an interactive environment but the
second language must be taught in a different way.
Best practice stipulates that evaluation should rely on a single instrument for continuity.
One-on-one assistants should be viewed as temporary whenever possible.
Families pass through developmental and nondevelopmental changes which produce
varying amounts of stress for all members.
When a child begins an AAC system, he or she should start with the most high-tech
equipment that is likely to be needed.
A child is born with a particular temperament. It cannot be changed in any way.
The parent of a child with special needs can be assured that there will be a program in
the least restrictive environment available for that child in the community.
The ways in which young children with special needs are supported in inclusive settings
is highly variable.
An excellent model of an inclusive setting is Head Start.
Preschool programs should emphasize the direct instruction of reading with reading
readiness activities.
The first duty of the professional is to insist that parents face the child’s limitations.
The foundations of language are laid during the first year of life.
Piaget identified the sensorimotor period of development as
a. Between birth and age 5
b. Between ages 2 and 6
c. Between birth and age 2
d. After age 3
In the preoperational stage, children can
a. Perform logical thinking and reasoning
b. Engage in symbolic, pretend play
c. Use processes for hypothesis testing
d. Decenter
Which specific intervention would not be appropriate for a child who has autism?
a. Arrange daily activities to change frequently so that the child doesn”t get bored
b. Reduce the noise level of the classroom
c. When touching the child, use firm pressure rather than light touch
d. Use visual and verbal cues to communicate
Children with disabilities and special needs
a. May not be able to learn spontaneously from play
a. Learn in exactly the same way that other children do
b. Always learn more slowly and with great difficulty
c. Need highly structured lessons to learn
Who has primary responsibility for implementation of the IEP?
a. Parent
b. Special education teacher
c. Specialist most involved
d. Administrator in the school district
Which use of Internet-based communication would not be appropriate when e-mailing
with families?
a. Sending photos of children playing together
b. Discussing issues or concerns
c. Providing websites for resources
d. Moderating a family support discussion forum
Research indicates that punishment
a. Is always effective
b. Should be avoided at all times
c. Is a positive approach to class management
d. Can produce negative side effects
Which specific intervention would not be appropriate for a child who has a physical
impairment?
a. Be consistent in behavior management techniques to increase or decrease movement
b. Take special care in positioning and handling
c. Arrange activities so that minimal movements will produce effects on the
environment
d. Use adaptive equipment that allows the child to interact with the environment as
much as possible
Which of the following is not a basic component of behavioral objectives?
a. The behavior the child is expected to perform
b. The level of performance expected
c. The conditions under which the performance will take place
d. The day the objective is completed
Methods of increasing parent involvement are
a. Home-based interventions, passports, observations by parents
b. Written handouts, observations by parents, home-based interventions
c. Parent groups, written handouts, medical intervention
d. Passports, medical intervention, observations by parents
A time in the school routine when children with disabilities are most likely to become
frustrated is
a. Arrival time
b. Snack time
c. Transition time
d. Dismissal time
Which of the following does not contribute to effective Co-teaching?
a. Adequate planning time
b. The one teaching, one supporting structure
c. Commitment to collaboration
d. Strict adherence to one’s own teaching philosophy
Inclusion support activities for the ECE who has a child with special needs in the class
might include
a. Ongoing observation and assessment of the child
b. Inservice information to staff members about the child’s disability
c. Demonstration of specific intervention techniques
d. All of the above
The successful education of children with special needs will demands
a. That parents accept the disability and are not emotional about the problem
b. That parents always remain calm and in command
c. That parents accept everything the professional tells them to do and do it without
questions
d. That an effective partnership exists between parents and professionals
Today children with any disabling condition should
a. Always be placed in regular classrooms with special help
b. Be educated in the least restrictive appropriate environment
c. Be taught from the earliest possible time by teachers who are trained in special
education
d. Be evaluated and identified according to disabling conditions
When young children learn to discriminate in shape, size, distance, and color, they are
getting ready for
a. Object permanence
b. Symbolic representation
c. Short-term memory storage
d. Phonemic awareness
Early childhood educators need to _________________ to motivate children with
disabilities
a. Follow the curriculum guide
b. Identify high-preference people, objects, and activities
c. Establish turn taking
d. Put materials at eye level
At what age does the law require an IEP?
a. One year
b. Two years
c. Three years
d. When the child enters kindergarten
The rate and quality of physical and motor development are influenced most by
a. Age and environmental factors
b. Physiological maturation and environmental factors
c. Age and internal motivation
d. Internal motivation and physiological maturation
The child who uses simple manipulation in play by banging and throwing objects is
showing
a. Intentionality
b. Intuitive ability
c. Imitation
d. Functional play
A childrearing practice that is not culture-sensitive is
a. Doing the best they can
b. Child independence
c. Parents as teachers
d. Discipline
Which specific intervention would not be appropriate for a child who has a hearing
loss?
a. Seat the child in the front for good visibility
b. Be prepared to repeat and rephrase, point out, or demonstrate
c. Identify areas of the room by different floor coverings or mobiles
d. Speak at normal speed and volume without exaggerating lip movements
Strong parent organizations that aided children with special needs were first created
a. After World War I
b. After World War II
c. In the 1990s
d. In 2004
When working with a child who is severely disabled and nonverbal, one of the first
steps in designing a communication training program is
a. Assessing speech production skills
b. Teaching receptive vocabulary
c. Identifying high-preference items and activities
d. Identifying specific target responses to be trained
Examples of support that an inclusion specialist might provide include:
a. Inservice and information to staff members
b. Ongoing observation and assessment of child
c. Demonstration/modeling of specific interventions
d. All of the above
Which of the following is probably not helpful when communicating with young
children who have disabilities?
a. Use progressive matching
b. Talk about what the child is interested in
c. Be specific and label words
d. Continually introduce many new words throughout the day
Which role is not appropriate for the teacher in the teacher-paraprofessional
relationship?
a. Role model
b. Manager
c. Leader
d. Boss
Parent involvement in the education of young children
a. Is less important when children attend a preschool
b. Is rapidly being recognized as essential if children are to achieve their potential
c. Is not as important as had been thought, according to recent research
d. Is not practical, as most parents work
According to Piaget’s categories of play, the game of taking things out and putting
things in is
a. Practice play
b. Symbolic play
c. Games with rules
d. Representational play
How does a child who experiences tactile defensiveness react to being touched?
a. The child feels self-conscious
b. The child feels happy
c. The child feels in danger
d. The child feels pain
Participants in IFSP meetings usually include
a. Parents, physician, an advocate
b. Service coordinator, assessor, physician
c. Parents, service coordinator, assessor
d. Physician, service coordinator, other family members as desired by parents
Understanding the differences between mainstream culture and the cultures of specific
families is critical to the _________ approach to intervention
a. Behaviorist
b. Developmental
c. Adaptive
d. Ecological
The far-reaching law that guarantees equal opportunity in employment, public
accommodation, transportation, state and local government services, and
telecommunications is:
a. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990
b. The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1990
c. The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1990 Part H
d. The First Chance Program (HCEEP) in 1968
All the following strategies would be helpful to teach other children in the class to help
support a student who has a severe visual impairment except using
a. The student’s name to gain attention
b. Sign language to communicate with the student
c. Their own names to identify themselves when approaching the student
d. Verbal descriptions as they play with the student