A procedure that allows for the simultaneously recording of multiple behaviors across
multiple dimensions is called ______________.
a. Whole interval
b. Event
c. Momentary time sampling
d. Computer-assisted
Making additional reinforcers available noncontingently that are available for removal
during a response cost procedure is known as?
A. Priming the pump.
B. A direct fine.
C. A combined approach.
D. Negative reinforcement.
E. Bonus response cost.
The generality of research findings in applied behavior analysis is assessed, established,
and specified through
a. Verification of baseline logic
b. Replication
c. Social validation
d. External validity
This is the extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally
equivalent to the trained target behavior.
A. Setting/situation maintenance
B. Response generalization
C. Setting/situation generalization
D. Response maintenance
Informed consent requires (mark all that apply):
A. Explicit permission before any assessment or treatment begins.
B. Full disclosure of the assessment and treatment procedures.
C. That the person has the capacity to decide.
D. Voluntary consent.
A parent says to his/her children: For anyone who earns all As on his/her report card, I
will pay you $50 at the end of the semester. What type of group contingency is this?
a. Independent group contingency
b. Dependent group contingency
c. Interdependent group contingency
Which of the following is (are) antecedent based self-management tactics?
A. Removing materials for a desired behavior
B. Performing the final steps of a behavior chain
C. Providing response prompts
D. All of the above
A student’s changing level of interest and background knowledge in algebra, during a
study on the effects of response card quiz reviews on next-day quiz performance is a
potential _____________ _____________ to the investigation and should be
monitored.
A. Application variable
B. Systems variable
C. Confounding variable
D. Reliability variable
Self-management is best defined as the
A. Personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in
behavior
B. Personal application of behavior change tactics that produces an increase in a desired
behavior(s)
C. Personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a decrease in a desired
behavior(s)
D. Application of behavior change tactics that causes changes to a particular behavior
Ms. March is teaching Matthew to do his laundry. She has written a task analysis for
doing laundry, which consists of 36 steps. She conducted an initial assessment to
identify which steps Matthew could already do, and she discovered that the only step he
can presently do independently is to open the lid to the washer. She decides to use total
task presentation as her method of teaching this complex chain of behaviors, using a
least-to-most prompting strategy. What might be one disadvantage to this procedure?
a. This procedure is likely to make each training session quite long.
b. Matthew may become confused with the sequence of the task because the teaching
procedure involves having him do the last step, then the last two steps, and so on.
c. Because Matthew’s present behavior will be placed on extinction until he emits a new
behavior that is closer to the terminal behavior, he will likely become very frustrated.
d. All of these are reasonable concerns given the teaching context.
Which of the following is considered a limitation in the use of a multiple treatment
reversal design?
A. Sequence effects
B. Observer drift
C. Rapid alternation effects
D. Variability
Assume you give a student in your class a forced-choice preference assessment. On this
preference assessment, computer time was ranked highest (that is, it was selected the
most frequently). What can you say about computer time, based on this information?
a) Computer time is a reinforcer for this student.
b) Computer time may be a reinforcer for this student.
c) Computer time is a punisher for this student.
d) Computer time is a non-preferred stimulus.
Professional standards are:
A. Written guidelines and rules that give direction for conducting practice
B. Provided by local boards
C. Equivalent to “position statements”
D. All of the above
A fixed interval schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement for the first correct
response following a
A. Fixed number of responses
B. Variable number of responses
C. Fixed duration of time
D. Variable duration of time.
After the model evokes an imitation, that behavior comes into contact with
contingencies of:
A. similarity
B. antecedent control
C. reinforcement
D. punishment
Which of the following is an example of shaping to teach an individual to sign “please”
to get access to a toy? (A please sign consists of placing an open palm on the chest and
making a circular motion.)
a. First reinforce lifting the hand, then reinforce lifting the hand to the chest, then
reinforce lifting the hand to the chest and making a circular motion.
b. Provide full physical assistance to lift the hand to the chest and making a circular
motion, then providing partial physical assistance to lift the hand to the chest and make
a circular motion, then providing a model of lifting the hand to the chest and making a
circular motion, then providing a verbal prompt to ‘sign please.”
c. Provide a verbal prompt to ‘sign please.” If the individual doesn”t sign please,
provide a model. If the individual doesn”t sign please, provide partial physical
assistance to lift the hand to the chest and make a circular motion. If the individual still
doesn”t sign please, provide full physical assistance to raise hand to chest and make a
circular motion.
d. Provide a cue to ‘sign please.” If the individual signs please, provide reinforcement. If
the individual does not sign please, withhold reinforcement.
Measurement __________________ are data that give an unwarranted or misleading
picture of the behavior because of the way measurement was conducted.
a. Checks
b. IOA
c. Standards
d. Artifacts
A science of behavior contributes to a useful technology of behavior change to the
extent that it discovers functional relations with __________ across individuals
A. Prediction
B. Control
C. Variability
D. Generality
Performing an undesired behavior over and over again with the intention to decrease the
future frequency of the target behavior.
A. Habit reversal
B. Massed practice
C. Self-instruction
D. Self directed systematic desensitization
Bar graphs sacrifice the presentation of the ____________ and ___________ in
behavior.
A. Level, number
B. Variability, trends
C. Data, time
D. Peak, valley
An FI schedule typically produces a ____________________ in responding during the
early part of the interval.
A. Rapid increase
B. Rapid decrease
C. Post-punishment delay
D. Post-reinforcement pause
Assume you have a student in class, Ben, who becomes severely aggressive whenever
another student takes his toys away from him. When Ben hits them, the other children
tend to return the toys they took away from him. What can be said about this situation?
a) Ben’s aggression has been positively reinforced by the children returning the toy to
him.
b) Ben’s aggression has been negatively reinforced by the children taking the toy away
from him.
c) Ben’s aggression has been punished (via presentation) by the children returning the
toy to him.
d) Ben’s aggression has been punished (via removal) by the children taking the toy
away from him.
e) There is not enough information to answer this question.
A major goal of most behavior change programs is the development of
A. Naturally occurring activities
B. Stimuli
C. Events to function as reinforcement
D. All the above
With variable reinforcement, a number representing the ___________________ number
of responses required for reinforcement is determined.
A. Median
B. Mode
C. Least
D. Average
This is the extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in a setting or stimulus
situation that is different from the instructional setting.
A. Setting/situation maintenance
B. Response generalization
C. Setting/situation generalization
D. Response maintenance
All of the following are potential confounds to internal validity except
a. Generalization
b. Maturation
c. Observer drift
d. Treatment drift
List the three fundamental properties common to all behavioral data.
Which statement is not a reason for the slow appreciation of Skinner’s work; Verbal
Behavior?
A. it was met with immediate challenges from the field of linguistics and
psycholinguistics.
B. Skinner not responding to Norm Chomsky’s negative review.
C. lack of research and data supporting his theory.
D. Disinterest and negative reactions from the field of behavior analysis.
E. All of these were reasons for the slow appreciation of Verbal Analysis.
Sometimes, a client is engaging in such significant problem behavior that the
practitioner may feel the need to act quickly and implement an intervention that will
result in rapid reductions of problem behavior. This may be acceptable in some
situations, but one must guard against compromising full consideration of the long-term
ramifications of that decision for expediency. In other words, the practitioner must
guard against adopting:
A. Lapses in judgment
B. Being swayed by others too much
C. “Situational ethics”
D. Over-cautiousness
Contingent observation involves:
A. The individual being removed from the instructional setting for a period of time.
B. The individual remaining in the setting but losing participation privileges for a
period of time.
C. The practitioner closely observing the individual for instances of the target behavior.
D. Assessing the problem behavior during instructional activities.
Determine whether each of the following is:
(A) An attitude of science,
(B) A defining characteristic of applied behavior analysis, or
(C) Neither an attitude of science or a defining characteristic of ABA.
1)_____ Empiricism
2)_____ Applied
3)_____ Prediction
4)_____ Experimentation
5)_____ Functional relation
6)_____ Effective
7)_____ Conceptual
8)_____ Mentalism
9)_____ Determinism
10)_____ Technological
A(n) ________ behavior is a behavior that produces indirect benefits to clients by
potentially increasing opportunities for participation in other environments.
A Access
B Cusp
C Key
D Invitation
Why does the field of applied behavior analysis adhere to the consideration of
procedural guidelines when using a punishment intervention?
Describe one example of when a trials-to-criterion method could be used to evaluate
outcome.
Behavior change is considered a ________ and _______ process, therefore it is
important to maintain direct and continuous contact with the behavior under
investigation.
B. Simple, easy
C. Time-consuming, affordable
D. Dynamic, on-going
E. Cumulative, static
Describe the difference between whole-interval and partial-interval recording.
Give an example of an avoidance contingency. In your answer, be sure to identify all of
the relevant components of the contingency.
Describe four purposes for conducting accuracy assessments.
Discuss the importance of steady or stable state responding as it relates to single-subject
designs.
Compare and contrast the different types of conditioned motivating operations
(CMO’s).
What are at least 2 questions you should ask yourself to identify whether or not you
treat clients with dignity?
Identify the purposes of establishing a baseline level of responding in single-subject
research.
Consider the task analysis listed above. Compare and contrast how you would conduct
a baseline assessment of a person’s performance on this task analysis using the single-
versus multiple-opportunity method. In your answer, be sure you identify how the two
forms of assessment would be similar and how they would differ.
Explain what it means to be ‘self-regulating” in relation to ethics. What does one need
to do to be self-regulating?