Reflecting meaning involves ________, while the interpretation/reframe implies
________.
a. interviewer direction; client direction
b. client direction; interviewer direction
c. client topics; interviewer topics
d. interviewer topics; client topics
When it comes to appropriate interviewer body language, ________ is essential to
building trust.
a. sitting straight in your chair
b. skillfully executed technique
c. relaxed open arms
d. authenticity
Linking:
a. provides clients with new insights.
b. helps clients experience their feelings.
c. presents clients with a specific plan for action.
d. connects clients with social networks.
The vision quest is to Native Americans as ____ is to any client seeking meaning of
their current life.
a. hoping
b. discernment
c. career planning
d. resolving problems
All of the following are encouragers EXCEPT ____.
a. head nods
b. single-word repetitions
c. well-phrased open questions
d. open palm
Practice in meditation:
a. has recently become important in person-centered counseling as a key strategy.
b. can help samurais forget the individual skills in order to master them.
c. facilitates emotional growth through taming the amygdala.
d. is a strategy that should only be used with a very few clients.
How can we help clients work through issues and come up with answers?
a. Decisional counseling
b. Problem-solving counseling
c. Balance sheet and future diary
d. All of the above
Which of the following best represent the contrast between interpretation and
paraphrase, reflection of feeling, focusing, and reflection of meaning?
a. In interpretation the interviewer remains in the client’s own frame of reference; in the
others the interviewer uses an external theory as a reference.
b. In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the
interviewer uses the client’s frame of reference.
c. In interpretation the interviewer uses the client’s frame of reference; in the others the
interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference.
d. In interpretation the interviewer uses the client’s own frame of reference; in the others
the interviewer uses his own frame of reference.
When a client feels anger, the ________ energizes the limbic HPA axis, and hormones
lead to a faster heartbeat, higher blood pressure, breathing changes, and muscular
tension.
a. TAP
b. amygdala
c. pituitary gland
d. all of the above
Which of the following is a valid element of observation skills?
a. Observe your own and the client’s verbal and nonverbal behavior.
b. Anticipate individual and multicultural differences.
c. Carefully and selectively feedback observations to the client as discussion topics.
d. All of these.
Which question opener will be MOST useful for bringing out client reasoning?
a. Could
b. What
c. How
d. Why
Which word is NOT interchangeable with all the others?
a. Discrepancy
b. Incongruity
c. Conflict
d. Observation
Which of the following aspects are illustrated by Sienna’s case?
a. The reality of helping
b. People often face complex issues with no clear ending
c. A relationship and empathic listening may help develop solutions
d. All of the above
Client: There’s this group of girls that make fun of me and call me names, and I feel
sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just ’cause I don’t have name brand shoes. I try
to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts.
Counselor: You are having trouble at school. Some girls call you names, make fun of
your shoes, and it feels hurtful inside.
This response can be classified as _______.
a. encouraging
b. paraphrasing
c. summarizing
d. restating
Frankl’s most significant contribution to counseling and psychotherapy is:
a. cognitive behavioral therapy.
b. Logotherapy.
c. multicultural therapy.
d. motivational interviewing.
During the ____ stage of the interview clients might seek to learn how to live more
effectively with situations or events that cannot be changed at this point (e.g., rape,
death, an accident, an illness).
a. empathic relationship
b. story and strengths
c. goals
d. restory
e. action
Exercise is a recommended preventive treatment for:
a. blood flow.
b. cognitions.
c. neurogenesis.
d. all of these.
It is important for the counselor to be aware of his/her own patterns of:
a. verbal underlining.
b. selective attention.
c. pupil dilation.
d. client topic jumps.
Attention is not just a psychological concept. It also:
a. is measurable through brain imaging.
b. is measurable through careful observation of clients.
c. is justified by the extensive research on microskills.
d. has become a foundation for person-center counseling.
The word problem:
a. is useful to label clients issues.
b. is in itself a problem.
c. offers immediate insight.
d. identifies in itself solutions.
Which one of the following statements regarding the Microskills Hierarchy is NOT
true?
a. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy represent a systematic breakdown
of the key skills required for intentional interviewing.
b. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy provide fairly consistent
predictions of client responses to accurate interviewer execution of a specific skill.
c. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy provide flexibility for the
interviewer when the unexpected occurs.
d. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy, with experience, become
automatic and allow you to always predict client responses to accurate interviewer use
of the skills.
Interviewer self-disclosure can generate client talk and create additional trust, but
caution must be observed because _____________.
a. clients’ rights may be abused if self-disclosure is used too early
b. counseling and interviewing can operate successfully without self-disclosure
c. not everyone agrees that self-disclosure is a wise skill to include among counselor
techniques
d. all of the above
Crisis counseling:
a. is the most pragmatic and action-oriented form of helping.
b. does not emphasize relationship.
c. should be reserved for mental health clinics that require quick action and
accountability.
d. all of the above.
Instructions: Following is a brief client-interview exchange. Material and questions are
based on contents presented on pages 64.
Client: “I felt like my cabin was the most cohesive group in camp. Yet, I felt some
personal problems at the time. I wanted to become a therapist and wondered if I weren’t
simply being selfish and using my ability to help others as a way to avoid myself.”
The counselor responses below are in reaction to the client. Indicate which are
attending and which are non-attending.
“You think you might have been selfish?”
a. Attending
b. Non-attending
The family genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding:
a. the client.
b. the family.
c. the client’s family contextual issues.
d. the cultural/environmental/contextual issues.
Which of the following is a good reason to consider referral for a client?
a. No interviewer has all the answers.
b. You refer your client to welfare and child services for additional help.
c. The client/interviewer relationship is just not working as well as it should.
d. All of the above.
Learning by organizing information into patterns is called:
a. chunking.
b. compiling.
c. classifying.
d. patterning.
Which of the following is an ethical imperative to accomplish when you are a trainee
meeting with a new client for the first time?
a. Prepare for the session carefully and go over your plan with the supervisor.
b. Review ethical standards and agency policy.
c. Inform your client that you are in training and give the client the supervisor’s name.
d. Work with the policy of your agency on this issue and only inform the client if that is
their policy.
“You tried to stand up for your rights in the garage and that was a start.” What kind of
feedback is this?
a. Vague, judgmental, negative feedback
b. Concrete nonjudgmental, positive feedback
c. Corrective feedback
d. None of the above
Too much multitasking can:
a. release damaging cortisol to the brain.
b. release damaging dopamine.
c. support the growth of more complex neural connections.
d. enable everyone to realize that they are indeed doing too much!
Chunking is best described as:
a. grouping microskills concepts into meaningful groups.
b. putting together two theories into a unified whole.
c. finding your own way to integrate skill concepts.
d. mixing and matching different skills to produce different theories.
Which of the following statements represent an abstract / formal operational thought
statement?
a. “My family is difficult.”
b. “Joe got angry with me because the dinner was a little cold and he knocked the dishes
off the table.”
c. “I went to a movie last night, we walked in and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought
popcorn and we sat down.”
d. “My dad and mom are both alcoholic. Last night, I couldn’t stand it anymore, so I left
the house. Now I don’t have anywhere to stay tonight.”
Clients tend to talk about or focus on topics to which the counselor or interviewer gives
primary attention. This is known as ____.
a. interviewer focus
b. topical priorities
c. selective attention
d. session structuring
There are many ways to focus attention in the counseling session. What are other focus
possibilities besides individual client focus, problem focus, and interviewer focus?
a. Other, family, mutuality, and environmental context
b. Other, significant relationships, community, and culture
c. Culture, family, environment, and context
d. Mutuality, family culture, community and context
Which of the following contextual factors may lead to clients’ low self-worth and
self-esteem?
a. Self-talk and internal dialogue
b. Cognitive distortions and negative schemas
c. Oppression and racism
d. All of the above
Discuss the importance of the concrete-abstract distinction and how it can be useful in
the counseling and interviewing process. Provide specific illustration of each type of
communication.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Observation can enable you to learn as much about yourself and your counseling skills
as you do about your clients.
Smiling, listening, and a respectful and understanding vocal tone are behaviors that “fit”
virtually all cultures and individuals.
According to Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett, in all interviews you will find some interviewer
responses that are less effective than others. We all make errors but our ability to learn
from them and change makes us become more effective interviewers or counselors.
According to Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett, if you combine the five interview stages with
the basic listening sequence you will be able to complete a full interview using only
listening skills.
Define empathic confrontation and its place in the session and the counseling process.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase,
encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: If it were just my arthritis, I think I could deal with it, but I didn’t expect to have
muscle spasms and leg cramps so bad I can’t walk as well. I feel totally useless.
____ “I hear you saying you are very discouraged and hurting right now. Am I hearing
you correctly?”
____ “Joe got angry with me because the dinner was a little cold and he knocked the
dishes off the table.”
Instructions: Which of the following client emotional presentations are sensorimotor,
concrete, formal operational, or dialectic / systemic?
SM forsensorimotor
C forconcrete
F forformal operational
DS fordialectic / systemic
____ “Last night, we had a family ritual. The first thing we did was to sit down and
pray together. I got a real feeling of comfort just in being there.”
Brain research is in opposition to the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral emphasis of
interviewing and counseling.
The left hemisphere is more associated with positive feelings of joy.
Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below.
Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of
the five skills listed andalso list the Stage / Dimension of the interview most likely
represented.
Use an asterisk to indicate “any stage.”
“So next week you are going to talk to your sister and rehearse your comments and also
get her opinion. Beyond that you want to sit on it for a week. Correct?”
Skill:
Stage:
Stress is a psychological and physical response to change.
How might you use questions to help a less verbal client talk about her or his issue(s)?
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Describe briefly the nonverbal indicators you might expect to find if your client is
uncomfortable in the interview.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
How does the basic listening sequence play itself out in the five stages of the interview?
Answer:Answer not provided.
Benjamin Franklin’s problem-solving model emphasizes the importance of the empathic
relationship.