Which of the following is a key consideration of intentional interpretation/reframing?
a. Client’s situation c. Client focused purpose
b. Supporting client d. All of the above
Male Client: (talking about job conflict) I just don’t know what to do about my new
boss. He is always blaming me even when I do a good job. He’s new on the job; maybe
he doesn’t have much experience as a supervisor. But he’s got me so jumpy and nervous
I can’t sleep at night. My family isn’t doing well and I’ve been arguing with my wife.
She doesn’t understand what’s going on. And the kids aren’t doing well in school.
Which of the following actions is NOT useful or appropriate when beginning to counsel
this client?
a. Reflect feelings.
b. Ask an open question.
c. Attempt to use a perfect empathic response.
d. Summarize the client statement and ask where the client would like to start.
Making decisions can:
a. energize the entire brain.
b. tire the brain.
c. provide useful practice for developing even more neurons.
d. best be done with the holistic brain.
If you use paraphrases effectively, you may anticipate that the client will ____.
a. change or jump topics
b. give more detail without repeating exactly the same story
c. indicate that he or she appreciates what you are doing
d. stop talking about the topic and move on to something more important
Which of the following is a more intense process that focuses on deep-seated
personality or behavioral difficulties?
a. Interviewing
b. Counseling
c. Psychotherapy
d. Coaching
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?
a. Attending behavior is primarily concerned with noting body language.
b. The multicultural background of each client may modify his or her communicating
style.
c. Good observers increase client talk.
d. The counselor may need to adapt his or her style to meet the needs of the client.
There is a distinctive difference between paraphrasing and reflection of feeling.
Paraphrase focuses on ________ and reflection of feeling is concerned with ________.
a. content; emotion
b. emotion; content
c. content; observations
d. observations; emotion
When a client is depressed, expect less brain activity in the:
a. frontal cortex.
b. limbic system.
c. right brain and amygdala.
d. hippocampus.
Which of the following is a possible outcome of stress?
a. Poor decisions
b. Weak performance
c. Emotional breakdown
d. All of the above
Which of the following is TRUE about silence?
a. It can cause client discomfort and must be used sparingly.
b. It can be useful in a session when clients need to think through their responses.
c. It is not a useful tool for the helping professional.
d. It is useful when followed by detailed analysis of the client’s issue(s).
Instructions: The question(s) below require you to identify what type of focus the
responder is using in the reply to the following statement.
“I really don’t know. It seems clear that my not getting the raise was really unfair … just
because I’m a woman. It really hurts!”
Identify the kind of focus by its letter.
a. Person focus
b. Problem / main theme focus
c. Others focus
d. Family focus
e. Mutual issues or group focus
f. Interviewer focus
g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus
____ “Let us take action. We can do it! We’ve got what it takes!”
When the client and the interviewer are communicating well, they “mirror” each other’s
body language. This is known as ____.
a. movement synchrony
b. movement complementarity
c. movement dissynchrony
d. none of these types of movement
Which of the following is an INACCURATE guideline for practicing the skills of a
person-centered interview?
a. Eliminate or minimize questions. Do not use interpretations / reframes, advice, or
directives.
b. Focus almost exclusively on the client; use the words “you” and “your” and the
client’s name.
c. The basic skills reflection of meaning and feeling, paraphrasing, and summarization.
d. Constantly use influencing skills of confrontation, feedback, and self-disclosure.
Confrontation during a single session and over a series of interviews may be measured
on a 5-point scale called the Client Change Scale. Which of the following represents
this scale?
a. Denial, Identification, Recognition, Generating Solutions, and Development
b. Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance But No Change, Generation of New
Solution, and Transcendence
c. Identification, Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Evaluation
d. Identification, Partial Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Transcendence
The five-stage/dimension interviewing structure is best described as:
a. a model for stress management therapy.
b. a framework for integrating many different types of theories.
c. a useful way to make decisions.
d. all of the above.
“Last week we talked about you speaking with your partner. How did that go this
week?” Which of the following statements provides the BEST reason for an interviewer
to use this quote to open a client session?
a. The quote leads with an open question.
b. The quote leads with an open question, and it will draw out more detail.
c. The quote leads with an open question which will be followed with specific closed
questions to draw out more detail.
d. The quote leads with an open question, and focuses the session in a specific direction.
When feedback is negative it is most effective if:
a. the person can do something about the situation.
b. it is delivered in a nonjudgmental tone of voice.
c. it includes emphasis on strengths.
d. all of the above.
“You really want to meet him, but you’re a little bit anxious.” In which step of
supportive confrontation would an interviewer most likely make this statement?
a. Step 1: Identify conflict
b. Step 2: Point out issues of incongruity
c. Step 3: Evaluating change
d. This is not included in supportive confrontation.
Neurofeedback is also known as:
a. neuropsychology.
b. biofeedback for the brain.
c. low voltage ECT.
d. feedback.
Ethical codes promote professional empowerment by assisting professionals and
professionals-in-training to:
a. maintain good practices.
b. protect the client.
c. enhance the profession.
d. all of the above.
“I really love my brother,” said in a quiet tone with averted eyes, is an example of
which of the following?
a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors
b. Discrepancies in verbal statements
c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does
d. Discrepancies between statements and arguments
Attention is not just a psychological concept. It is also:
a. measurable through brain imaging.
b. measurable through careful observation of clients.
c. justified by the extensive research on microskills.
d. a foundation for person-center counseling.
Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Which emotional style is best
supported by this question? “Can you tell me a story that relates to your goals / vision /
mission?”
a. Sensorimotor
b. Concrete
c. Formal
d. Dialectic / systemic
Instructions: Listed below are several qualities related to empathy. Mark the letter that
corresponds to the qualities in the descriptions below.
a. Basic empathy
b. Subtractive empathy
c. Additive empathy
d. Positive regard
e. Respect and warmth
f. Concreteness
g. Immediacy
h. Nonjudgmental attitude
i. Authenticity and congruence
____ Trying to feed back to a client what he has been saying, but missing the essence of
what has been said.
Instructions: The structure of the interview has been suggested as a valuable way to
view many types of interviews. Further, within each structure there are certain goals and
methods. In the following question(s), identify the structure of the interview as:
a. Initiating the session
b. Gathering data
c. Mutual goal setting
d. Working
e. Terminating and generalizing
____ Role-playing, follow-up and support, and homework.
The skill of logical consequences is most closely associated with which of the following
schools of therapy?
a. Psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioral
b. Gestalt, Logotherapy
c. Rogerian, person-centered
d. Adlerian, decisional
When the counselor intentionally uses a(n)_________________, he or she can expect
the client will feel heard. They will tend to go on further and not repeat the same story
again.
a. encourager/restatement
b. paraphrase
c. reflection of feeling
d. confrontation
An empathic person who watches a cared partner being shocked in an experiment will:
a. draw on memories from the hippocampus to deal with the strain.
b. draw on the amygdala to understand the other.
c. actually feel his or her partner’s pain through just watching.
d. have some parallel pain centers activated in his or her brain.
In working with some Asian and Southern European peoples, which focus is often more
appropriate than typical middle-class U.S. focusing?
a. The individual
b. The cultural / environmental context
c. Mutual focus emphasizing “we”
d. Mutual focus emphasizing different cultures
Memories studied via brain scans reveal:
a. memories that are false can be identified clearly.
b. memories that are true can be identified clearly.
c. no distinction between false and true memories.
d. false memories activate different parts of the brain than true memories.
Instructions:Imagine that you are talking with a client about emotional child abuse.
You have just confronted the client with the following statement: “On one hand, you
say you love your child, but on the other hand you continue to put her out in the hall of
your apartment where you force her to stand in the dark. How do you put that
together?”
Classify the following client’s response using the CCS scale.
Client response: “I understand what you are saying, it just doesn’t make sense what I’m
doing. I seem to be saying one thing, but doing another.”
This client is where on the CCS?
a. Denial
b. Partial examination
c. Full examination, no change
d. Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors
Empathy is best assessed by:
a. your level of identification with your client.
b. the client’s reaction to your statement.
c. the grammatical quality of your statement.
d. the accuracy of your interpretation.
The predicted result of psychoeducational instruction states that clients consistently
apply counselor new information and ideas for positive change in their lives.
____ “That is sexist.”
All crisis counseling involves two phases: (1) working through the initial trauma and
(2) appropriate referral and discharge.
Discuss the importance of feedback. Give examples of positive, corrective, and
negative feedback.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Present the Client Change Scale and explain how it is used in counseling and therapy.
Illustrate each of the levels and uses.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
____ “My dad and mom are both alcoholic. Last night, I couldn’t stand it anymore, so I
left the house. Now I don’t have anywhere to stay tonight.”
We can”t separate the body from the mind or the individual from his or her environment
and culture.
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase,
encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: Yes, somehow it just doesn’t seem fair. I’ve taken care of myself, worked hard
and my spouse just says I’m angry and bitter. It hurts.
____ “You feel hurt that your spouse says that.”
Intentional interviewing is more concerned with finding the right answer for the client
than with how many potential responses may be helpful.
Counseling is teaching clients how to live or what to believe.
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase,
encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: Yes, somehow it just doesn’t seem fair. I’ve taken care of myself, worked hard
and my spouse just says I’m angry and bitter. It hurts.
____ “The situation isn’t fair after you’ve worked so hard to do right.”
Both the interpretation/reframe and reflection of meaning are central skills in helping
clients take a new perspective on themselves and their world.
According to the authors, attending behavior and listening are essential for human
communication but need to be tailored according to individual and multicultural
differences.
The right hemisphere is more associated with negative feelings.
The main focus of individual counseling is conflict, incongruity, and discrepancies
between the individual and family and friends.
Clients complete each developmental task in fairly quick succession, and their progress
can be quickly assessed on the Client Change Scale (CCS).
Instructions: Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers,
restatements, paraphrases, or summarizations?
E for encourager
R for restatement
P for paraphrase
S for summarization
Client: “I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having
difficulty in school and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John
is acting up in the junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their
grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do.”
Counselor responses follow. Classify the response.
____ “Both are having trouble in school, yet they are doing OK academically.”