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Which question would most effectively probe for meaning?
a. "Why do you do that?"
b. "Does it really matter?"
c. "How could it be that way?"
d. "Why is that important for you?"
Instructions: Listed below are several qualities related to empathy. Mark the letter that
corresponds to the qualities in the descriptions below.
a. Basic empathy
b. Subtractive empathy
c. Additive empathy
d. Positive regard
e. Respect and warmth
f. Concreteness
g. Immediacy
h. Nonjudgmental attitude
i. Authenticity and congruence
____ Being open to many points of view and demonstrating this with open nonverbal
and verbal communication.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding questioning in a multicultural
setting?
a. Depending on your cultural heritage, questioning may be met with distrust.
b. Depending on your cultural heritage, questioning is completely appropriate as
needed.
c. Extreme questioning style can produce mistrust with clients of all cultural groups.
d. Extreme questioning style can produce mistrust when the interviewer and client are
from different cultural backgrounds.
Inappropriate interviewer responses that give back less or distort what the client has
said demonstrate ____________.
a. basic empathy
b. additive empathy
c. subtractive empathy
d. none of these choices
Your clients consistently talk in more depth when you use reflection of feeling. Which
level of competence is being illustrated?
a. Identification competence
b. Basic competence
c. Intentional competence
d. Teaching competence
Cultural/environmental/context (CEC) is foundational for which of the following
theories?
a. Multicultural counseling
b. Person-centered
c. Logotherapy
d. Crisis counseling
Current neuroscience research demonstrates that:
a. meditation and exercise prevent the brain from forming long-term memory.
b. positive thinking reduces brain's capacity to deal with stress effectively.
c. abuse, neglect, and deprivation produce long-term damage to children's brains.
d. all of the above.
Which of the following is NOT a positive effect of stress?
a. Neurogenesis
b. Frontal cortex strengthened
c. Enlargement of amygdala
d. Healthier life
"I can't do it at all," when said with congruent nonverbal gestures, is an example of
____.
a. a negative "I statement"
b. discrepant nonverbal communication
c. selective attention
d. verbal underlining
Which of the following is an enriched consequence of good social relationships?
a. More love
b. Joyful relationships
c. Helping others
d. All of the above
"I'm not bothered by that," said with a flushed face and a closed fist, is an example of
which of the following?
a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors
b. Discrepancies in verbal statements
c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one reasons
d. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior
Which of the following provides the client with data on both positive and negative
consequences of an intended action?
a. Logical consequences
b. Directive
c. Feedback
d. Instruction/psychoeducation
Instructions: The structure of the interview has been suggested as a valuable way to
view many types of interviews. Further, within each structure there are certain goals and
methods. In the following question(s), identify the structure of the interview as:
a. Initiating the session
b. Gathering data
c. Mutual goal setting
d. Working
e. Terminating and generalizing
____ "So, let me put it together. You want to work on your relationship with your
daughter... and your ideal way of doing it is.... What comes to your mind as possible
alternatives for action?"
Who was the first person to measure levels of empathic understanding?
a. Rogers
b. Truax
c. Maslow
d. Ivey
The counselor used ____ during the interview with Travis.
a. reflection of meaning
b. key word encouragers
c. open questions
d. all of the above
Alzheimer's clients may be deficit in:
a. dopamine.
b. serotonin.
c. acetylcholine.
d. GABA.
The microskills hierarchy:
a. describes interview skills in order of importance.
b. demonstrates that alternative settings require different counseling skills.
c. forms the foundation of intentional interviewing.
d. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs.
Paying attention to strengths in the client involves all EXCEPT which of the following
language systems?
a. Positive psychology
b. Wellness approach
c. Positive asset search
d. Drawing out the client's story fully and carefully
The most important function of summarizations is that
a. they feed back the essence of many things that might have been missed otherwise.
b. they break the routine of paraphrasing, questioning, and encouraging.
c. they bring together the things a client has been saying in an organized fashion.
d. they provide an opportunity for the interviewer to summarize his or her own ideas.
In the five-stage counseling model, Stage 4, restory, does NOT include ____.
a. generate alternatives
b. confront client incongruities and conflict
c. identifying the interviewer role
d. help clients create new stories, thinking, and behavior
Which of the following strategies are key to protecting our physical and mental health?
a. Psychoeducation
b. Stress management
c. TLCs
d. All of the above
Which of the following is the center for visual processing?
a. Parietal lobe
b. Frontal lobe
c. Occipital lobe
d. Temporal lobe
Relapse prevention would be MOST LIKELY used by which of the following theories
or methods?
a. Motivational interviewing
b. Decisional career counseling
c. Cognitive behavioral therapy
d. All of the above
"What are anticipated concerns or strengths?" As you prepare your first interview
treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask this question when you
consider which stage of the interview?
a. Empathic relationship
b. Story and strengths
c. Goals
d. Restory
e. Action
Interviewer interpretation may provide the client with a new frame of reference. Which
of the following is MOST LIKELY an interpretation?
a. "You"re upset and troubled."
b. "Sounds like you want some help right now."
c. "Sounds like your fear of rejection led you to seek rejection from your wife."
d. None of the above.
Which of the following is the switching station for messages in the brain?
a. Hypothalmus
b. Amygdala
c. Pituitary
d. Hippocampus
Instructions: Counselor responses follow. Identify what type of focus the responder is
using in the reply to the following statement.
Client: I just found that I'm pregnant. I don't know who it was, but I have an idea who it
is most likely to be. But, no one is likely to help. My family doesn't know yet and they
really deserted me last time I got in trouble. I've only talked to them a few times and we
are starting to get along again, but now ... I wonder what's going to happen. I just feel
lost.
"I simply didn't know what to do when my mother had the same illness. Is that how you
feel?" With this response, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client?
a. Client focus
b. Theme or issue focus
c. Significant others
d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor
Your client says, "I agree with you, but would not do what you suggested." This shows
a discrepancy between:
a. two verbal statements.
b. what one says and what one does.
c. you and the client.
d. nonverbal behaviors.
In which stage of the interview are you and your client likely to generate specific
implementation plans?
a. Empathic relationship
b. Story and strengths
c. Goals
d. Restory
e. Action
Speaking of varying cultural orientations to family, Weijun Zhang comments that:
a. we must often explore family issues with Hispanic-American clients.
b. the nuclear family is central in Hispanic-American culture.
c. the extended family is important in Hispanic-American culture.
d. a and c.
According to the authors, the positive asset search is:
a. a strategy to avoid difficult issues.
b. oriented to bringing out client strengths which they can then use to solve current
issues.
c. possibly too positive and clients may not face up to their real issues.
d. an example of topic jumping.
Which one of the following is an appropriate reason for a counselor to take notes?
a. Structured notes will help you evaluate your own counseling skills.
b. Good notes facilitate planning for your next client contact.
c. Keeping notes can keep you from forgetting what happened in the last session.
d. All of the above.
The microskills framework has been applied to ____.
a. AIDS prevention training in Africa
b. Aboriginal social workers in Australia
c. business managers in Sweden, Japan, and the U.S.
d. all of these
Asking the client what he or she wants to happen in cognitive behavioral therapy is
most representative of which phase of the interview?
a. Story and strengths
b. Goals
c. Restorying
d. Action
Briefly discuss counseling as a science and as an art.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
____ "Why did this happen to me?"
The amygdala is the primary storehouse of the less positive feelings such as sadness,
anger, and surprise.
Explain how the following rule applies to the culturally intentional interviewer: "If
something you try doesn't work, don't try more of the same. Try something different!"
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Outline possible differences in nonverbal communications between two cultural groups
of your own selection (for example, Asian Canadians compared with European
Canadian, Native Canadian/Canadiene with African Canadians, European Americans
with Latina/Latino's). After you have made these comparisons, please review your
statements and comment on the dangers of stereotyping.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
In the Appendix, Ivey argues that we need to understand neurotransmitters and supplies
his thoughts on which theories impact which neurotransmitter. What are your thoughts
on the importance of counseling and therapy thinking about neurotransmitters? Do you
believe that effective therapy can indeed impact the brain at this microlevel?
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Microexpressions are fleeting expressions of concealed emotion.
"Do no harm to your clients; treat them responsibly with full awareness of the social
context of helping" summarizes the essence of ethical codes.
Define five types of client discrepancies and provide one example of each.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Choose four TLCs. Describe each and discuss their neuroscientific basis. Summarize
the evidence demonstrating their effectiveness for improving physical and mental
health.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Compare and contrast the philosophical tenets of person-centered, decisional
counseling, Logotherapy, multicultural counseling, and femist therapy
Answer:
Answer not provided.
List at least five alternatives you have in mind to increase the possibility for
generalizing behavior outside of the interview.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Political correctness represents another type of naming and blaming.
Level 1. Denial, The negative alpha solution. The client seems unable to accommodate
new data from the counselor or therapist. The client will fail to deal with the conflict or
contradiction, make an abrupt topic shift, or show a clearly incorrect "off-the-wall"
response.
Level 2. Partial examination, The more mature alpha solution. The client deals with
only a portion of the issue or counselor's statement. The client may over-generalize,
delete, or distort what has been said, but not as seriously as in Level 1. You may find
irrational ideas and some blindness to problems.
Level 3. Acceptance and recognition, Beta solution. The client recognizes the situation
as it is and the client's comment, feeling, or thought seems close to that presented by the
therapist, but nothing new is added by the client. This level characterizes homeostasis
or no change. Score as Beta if the client tends to describe a situation, event, or
self-picture fairly clearly, but tends to leave it there.
Level 4. Generation of a new solution, Early gamma solution. In response to the
counselor, the client moves to the creation of something new. The client has added
something that was not there before. At times, the underlying conflict may remain
acceptance of insoluble problems begins here.
Level 5. Transcendence, Full gamma solution. The client has arrived at a new
synthesis, a new way of thinking, behaving, or feeling. These are relatively rare
moments in counseling and therapy and may represent the development of useful or
important insights, the ability to engage in a truly new way of behaving, the generation
of a new ability to engage emotionally.
You will now be given a variety of counselor-client situations. The possible client
responses are in random order. Please classify each client response at one of the five
levels.
Carl Rogers
(To Mrs. Oak) "It's an experience that's awfully hard to put down accurately into words,
and yet I get a sense of difference in this relationship, from the feeling that 'This is
mine,' 'I am doing it,' and so on, to a somewhat different feeling that 'I could let you
in'."
a. "Yes, it's as though that's how it should be. There's a feeling that this is good. I
feel that it's right for me. I feel more open. I feel more me."
b. "Well, sort of. I do want to be close, but it doesn't seem safe."
c. "I do so much for others. Why do you accuse me like that?"
d. "Yes, I am doing it and I feel I could let others in."
e. "It feels like a beginning, it's inevitable."
Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase,
encourage, or reflection of feeling.
P forparaphrase
E forencourage
R forreflection of feeling
Client: If it were just my arthritis, I think I could deal with it, but I didn't expect to have
muscle spasms and leg cramps so bad I can't walk as well. I feel totally useless.
____ "You can't walk?"
Poverty in childhood provides the opportunity for an individual to prove his or her
strength.
According to the authors, effective interviewers are born.
Empathy is identifiable by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
How can the family genogram be criticized from an adoptive, extended family, or
alternative view of family perspective?
Answer:
Answer not provided.
