Which of the following is a dimension of career adaptability in Savickas’s career
construction theory?
a. consistency
b. congruence
c. control
d. crisis management
Counseling helping skills are
a. not used in career counseling.
b. the same as career development theory.
c. applicable to career counseling.
d. skills used in normal conversation.
The concept of disengagement is described differently by these two theories.
a. family systems and Holland
b. family systems and Super
c. social cognitive and Holland
d. social cognitive and Super
When Brad walks into a classroom, he has an impression of the surroundings and the
way people talk to each other. According to Myers-Briggs type theory he is using
a. feeling.
b. intuiting.
c. sensing.
d. thinking.
Ramona has learned about being a police officer by being in the National Guard.
According to Krumboltz, this is an example of a(an)
a. associative learning experience.
b. instrumental learning experience.
c. self efficacy.
d. none of the above.
Which of the following counselors is most accurately applying general trait and factor
theory?
a. Counselor A assigns personality, abilities, values, and interest inventories or tests and
then suggests appropriate occupations for the client to enter.
b. Counselor B provides information on 12 different engineering occupations to a client
that is considering engineering as a career choice.
c. Counselor C helps a client assess her abilities, interests, values, and personality,
provides occupational information about occupations that fit these traits, and helps the
client make a decision.
d. Counselor D helps her client understand the effect of her early educational
experiences on her choice of an occupation.
Which of the following is NOT an important aspect of happenstance learning theory?
a. curiosity
b. flexibility
c. harmony
d. risk taking
The Person-Environment Fit model studies
a. the interaction between individuals and their environment
b. individual mental fitness.
c. well normed data.
d. psychological maturity.
According to social cognitive career theory, Arlene’s concern about her difficulty in
learning new language skills is an example of
a. a goal statement.
b. associative learning.
c. outcome expectations.
d. self-efficacy concerns.
Hearing that her job has been terminated, Eleanor has responded by saying, “I never
will get another job. There is no other work that I can do.” Her counselor responds by
saying, “There are other jobs that you can do. I will help you consider other types of
work.” The counselor’s statements most clearly fits
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Myers- Briggs Type theory.
c. social learning theory.
d. Super’s developmental theory.
Whether measured by the Vocational Preference Inventory or the Self Directed Search,
women usually score higher than men on which of the following types?
a. Artistic
b. Enterprising
c. Investigative
d. Realistic
According to Gottfredson, the orientation to social valuation when considering
occupations is most likely to take place between the ages of
a. 6-8.
b. 9-13.
c. 14- 16.
d. 17-19.
Evelyn knew the moment that she met Lance that he was wonderful and exciting.
According to Myers-Briggs type theory she is using
a. convening.
b. intuiting.
c. sensing.
d. thinking.
Adapting to planned happenstance is a feature of
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Krumboltz’s social learning theory.
c. social cognitive career theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
One of the major criticisms of human capital theory is that it assumes
a. a labor market that is open to everyone regardless of race or gender.
b. all individuals are equal in their abilities.
c. parental child raising style does not appear to predict later occupational entry.
d. intellectual characteristics of individuals are unimportant.
A problem with cultural narratives in narrative career counseling is that they
a. are not current and may not apply well to individuals.
b. are biased in favor of Caucasian males.
c. overemphasize the role of action in society.
d. are too repetitive and of little use in individual counseling.
John is a high school senior who is not sure what he wants to do. He is considering
business careers and is learning some of the skills that are required for a variety of
business careers. According to Super, he is currently in this substage:
a. crystallizing
b. implementing
c. specifying
d. stabilizing
Hal attends a one week workshop each year to learn about computers that are used in
automobiles. According to Super, he is currently in this substage:
a. decelerating
b. holding
c. innovating
d. updating
Which of the following theories has generated the most research support for its
theoretical constructs?
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein’s relational theory of working
c. Phillips’s developmental relational model
d. Super’s developmental theory
Outplacement counseling would most likely be done with
a. adolescents
b. adults
c. children
d. women
Which of the following is NOT a focus of Cochran’s narrative career counseling?
a. crystallizing
b. constructing a reality
c. following career decision making procedures
d. making meaning out of a story of the client’s career
Peter has learned about being a firefighter by watching firefighters on the evening
news. According to Krumboltz, this is an example of a(an)
a. associative learning experience.
b. instrumental learning experience.
c. random skills.
d. none of the above.
Research on attachment theory is associated with the work of
a. John Bowlby.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. Anne Roe.
d. Donald Super.
Counselors can use their knowledge of the structure of the labor market in their work by
pointing out to their clients that
a. jobs that are easy to get in high school may be dead end jobs with little opportunity
for advancement.
b. regular attendance at school throughout high school is very important.
c. selecting a career goal before leaving high school is very important.
d. they should consider their interests and abilities as well as job openings.
Career development theorists who are influenced by attachment theory study how
a. attachment issues in early childhood relate to later career development
b. basic elements of career choice are determined by the age of seven.
c. individuals become attached to a career choice at an early age and do not waiver.
d. volunteer work in college is unrelated to later choice of a career.
Kaylie has decided that she will be an engineer because her parents are engineers. She
has not thought much about other occupations. According to Marcia, she is in the stage.
a. achievement
b. diffusion
c. foreclosure
d. moratorium
In career counseling, a genogram can be used to
a. assess abilities.
b. assess interests.
c. discuss career choices of relatives.
d. send new career information to clients.
Elvis is getting tired of his job on an assembly line where he assembles the same parts
over and over again. According to Holland, which term best describes this working
environment?
a. congruent
b. differentiated
c. incongruent
d. undifferentiated
Brian says that he wants to enter an occupation that has plenty of job openings. A trait
and factor counselor would point out that Brian is failing to consider
a. abilities, interests, and values.
b. Brian’s parents’ views.
c. job location, salary, and required education.
d. scores on interest inventories.
Using assessment instruments cautiously, so that they do not interfere with exploration
of one’s career choice fits with this approach or theory?
a. a spiritual approach to career development.
b. Holland’s theory.
c. cognitive information processing theory.
d. trait and factor theory.
Elvira is participating in Savickas’s career construction counseling. Which of these
counseling techniques is she most likely to encounter?
a. life chapters
b. early recollections
c. genograms
d. simulation
Enjoying working with people by persuading them to buy a new house suggests an
interest in this environment.
a. Artistic
b. Conventional
c. Enterprising
d. Investigative
e. Social
Developmental contextual theory represents the ideas of
a. Erickson.
b. Holland.
c. Super.
d. Vondracek.
Enjoying working with people by helping them learn suggests an interest in this
environment.
a. Artistic
b. Conventional
c. Enterprising
d. Investigative
e. Social
Monica, an African American female, tends to look down on herself and other African
Americans while admiring white Americans. According to Atkinson, Morten, and Sue,
Monica is in this stage of minority development:
a. conformity
b. resistance and immersion
c. introspection
d. synergetic articulation and awareness