If you help your clients find a “why” through exploration of meaning, ____.
a. the “how” will often be discovered by the following session
b. finding the “how” is automatic
c. they will often find their own “how” or way to achieve their objectives
d. they will be open to the “how” directed by the interviewer
Which of the following behaviors best describes the client who “hyper-reflects?”
a. Thinks about things too much
b. Focuses on the negative meaning of life experiences
c. Overeats, drinks to excess, or wallows in depression
d. All of the above
Which of the following is an enriched cognitive challenge?
a. Learning to play a musical instrument
b. Mastering a foreign language
c. Playing bridge
d. All of the above
Discernment ____.
a. is a value clarification process in which the client seeks to find meaning in life
b. is ‘sifting through” our interior and exterior experiences to determine their origin
c. describes what helping professionals do when they work with clients at deeper levels
of meaning
d. all of the above
Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Counseling and psychotherapy have a scientific base, but applying that science is an
art form.
b. Science provides a base, but you are the artist who makes it happen.
c. Like the artist, you bring a natural talent to share with others.
d. All of the above.
Clients and interviewers may use _________________ to highlight the important issues
in their statements.
a. verbal underlining, topic jumps, and softer vocal tone
b. verbal underlining, keeping to the same topic, and higher pitch
c. verbal underlining to key words or phrases
d. written instructions
The above brain information is:
a. very valuable to the practicing counselor so that challenges to false ideas can be
addressed.
b. an interesting research finding that currently has little practical use for daily practice.
c. such that it leads interviewers to challenge past research.
d. such that it leads to proof of past research.
Which of the following leads is most characteristic and distinctive of crisis counseling?
a. “How has the problem been affecting the other areas of your life?”
b. “Sounds like a real challenge you have to overcome.”
c. “Could it be that you are thinking too negatively about your problems?”
d. “You are affected by a major stressful event.”
Attending behavior includes all of the following choices, EXCEPT ____.
a. culturally appropriate listening
b. listening skills
c. being totally empathetic with the client
d. using appropriate patterns of body language and vocal quality
Empathy:
a. requires the interviewer to respond immediately to each expression of emotion from
the client.
b. requires the interviewer to be where the client is able to hear you.
c. requires the interviewer to mirror each emotion the client expresses.
d. is failure of the client to express emotion during the session.
Neuroplasticity research has shown that:
a. when volunteers are trained in movement sequences, sequential changes in the
activity patterns of the brain occur as the movements become more automatic.
b. through selective attention, both the interviewer and client brains react and change,
measurable through brain imaging.
c. in depression and deep sadness, brain scans reveal that the positive areas of the brain
are less active and vice versa.
d. all of the above.
“My thoughts about your disclosure…” is an opening of an interviewer statement you
would MOST LIKELY hear in which of the five dimensions of self-disclosure?
a. Listen
b. Self-reference
c. Share and describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
d. Appropriate immediacy and tense
Multiculturalism refers to more than race and ethnicity. The RESPECTFUL model
expands the definition of difference. Which of the following is included in the 10
dimensions of difference defined by the RESPECTFUL model?
a. Sexual identity
b. Trauma
c. Location of residence
d. All of the above
Instructions: Counselor responses follow. Identify what type of focus the responder is
using in the reply to the following statement.
Client: I just found that I’m pregnant. I don’t know who it was, but I have an idea who it
is most likely to be. But, no one is likely to help. My family doesn’t know yet and they
really deserted me last time I got in trouble. I’ve only talked to them a few times and we
are starting to get along again, but now … I wonder what’s going to happen. I just feel
lost.
“What’s occurring between you and your mother and father right now?” Where is the
focus of this open question?
a. Focus on the client
b. Focus on the main theme or problem
c. Focus on others
d. Focus on family
If you who do not face a disability, think of yourself as a member of the:
a. temporarily able culture.
b. fortunate culture.
c. undestructible culture.
d. chosen one culture.
“Multicultural guidelines and competencies’ Dimension 2: Understand the worldview of
the culturally different client.” According to this, which one of the following contributes
to your ability to comprehend the worldview of diverse clients?
a. Traditional approaches to counseling theory and skills apply with similar results to all
cultural groups.
b. Your study and experiences will enhance your confidence in cross-cultural
counseling.
c. If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your
client interprets humanity and the world.
d. The impacts of socioeconomic factors and other oppressive forces may vary some
among cultural groups, but overall the impacts are similar.
“If I am promoted, I can be confident that my co-workers won”t think it was because of
my gender.” This is an example of:
a. socioeconomic privilege.
b. White privilege.
c. female privilege.
d. male privilege.
You can observe interview sessions and rate the use of interviewer empathy using
which of the following scales?
a. Level 1: Additive empathy; Level 2: Basic empathy; Level 3: Subtractive empathy
b. Level 1: Subtractive empathy; Level 2: Basic empathy; Level 3: Additive empathy
c. Level 1: Basic empathy; Level 2: Additive empathy; Level 3: Subtractive empathy
d. Level 1: Additive empathy; Level 2: Subtractive empathy; Level 3: Basic empathy
Both interviewers and clients may find themselves giving louder volume and increased
vocal emphasis to certain words and short phrases. This is known as:
a. verbal tracking.
b. vocal tone.
c. verbal underlining.
d. vocal quality.
You have worked with a client for a period of time and have come to the conclusion that
action must be taken. The client’s problem is inability to study. The client has been very
active socially and has a history of being a good student. Write possible influencing
skill statements for each category below.
a. self-disclosure
b. feedback
Answer:
Answer not provided.
The theory and philosophy of the five-stage decisional style is similar to:
a. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Therapy.
b. Alfred Adler’s Individual Therapy.
c. Carl Rogers’s Person Centered Therapy.
d. Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy.
A major assumption of ____ is that changing behavior will result in more immediate
change and that changes in thoughts and feeling will follow.
a. person-centered theory
b. cognitive behavioral theory
c. brief counseling
d. none of the above
Which of the following questions would NOT be used as part of the discernment
process?
a. “What sense do you make of your illness and the future?”
b. “What’s been missing for you in your present life?”
c. “What is the purpose of you working so hard?”
d. “How does this rejection make you feel?”
Choose the FALSE statement regarding positive and negative emotions.
a. Positive emotions make everything OK for client’s negative issues.
b. Do not minimize difficult emotions by too quickly focusing on the positive.
c. Identifying positive feelings helps balance the focus on negative emotion.
d. A wellness assessment provides positive emotions to draw on when needed.
Which one of the following is a useful strategy for decisional counseling?
a. Cognitive and emotional balance sheet
b. Logical consequences
c. Future diary
d. All of the above
A number of regions of the ________ are activated attentional task preparation and
execution.
a. prefrontal cortex
b. right intuitive brain
c. limbic system
d. limbic system and the right intuitive brain
Which of the following is NOT one of the suggested guidelines for effective feedback?
a. Feedback is most helpful when it includes strengths.
b. Feedback is most helpful when it is comprehensive and generalized.
c. Feedback is most helpful when it is relatively nonjudgmental.
d. Feedback is most helpful when it is lean and concrete.
Intentional interviewing is concerned with:
a. finding the single best response for each client statement.
b. the counselor knowing one theory exceptionally well.
c. having many alternative responses available to any client statement.
d. being able to explain why you made that particular choice.
Uncontrollable conflict and discrepancy bring stress to the client resulting in ____.
a. active inhibition of neurons and damaging glucocorticoids and cortisol are released
b. gradual strengthening of an individual through development of protective neural
structures
c. an ultimate challenge to the counselor
d. the need to refer the client to the emergency room for medication
Being aware of what one is doing can interfere with coordination and smoothness. This
is known in microskills training as ____.
a. the difficulty of practice
b. the Samurai effect
c. the need for fewer skills and a simplified model of training for some beginners
d. the nonverbal effect
Through _________, we can sometimes stop clients from talking about non-productive
topics.
a. selective attention
b. verbal underlining
c. inattention to the client topic
d. threats and criticism
Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Which emotional style is best
supported by this question? “How have various significant others related to your
experiences?”
a. Sensorimotor
b. Concrete
c. Formal
d. Dialectic / systemic
Which key words are MOST closely associated with probing for meaning?
a. Values, purpose, vision
b. Emotion, affect, feelings
c. Do, doing, acting
d. All of the above
Which of the following are legitimate ethical codes?
a. American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) Code of Ethics
b. Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of
Conduct
c. American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics
d. All of the above
The positive, happy emotions are located primarily in the:
a. HPT.
b. TAH.
c. TAP.
d. PAT.
Questions are an essential component in many theories and styles of helping.
The critical distinction between paraphrasing and reflection of feelings is the emphasis
on content and emotion.
Focusing has been presented as a technique or skill that could be used to control or free
a client. Explain how focus could be used in both ways and present a coherent argument
for use or non-use of this skill.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Describe the “1-2-3” Pattern. Explain the pattern and provide two examples
demonstrating the pattern in action.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Define yourself as a multicultural being. What are your many varying cultural
backgrounds? How might your background and experience affect your work in
interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy?
Answer:
Answer not provided.
What do you see as crisis counseling strengths and limitations?
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below.
Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of
the five skills listed andalso list the Stage / Dimension of the interview most likely
represented.
Use an asterisk to indicate “any stage.”
“It all leaves you anxious and scared, but at the same time very determined.”
Skill:
Stage:
Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below.
Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of
the five skills listed andalso list the Stage / Dimension of the interview most likely
represented.
Use an asterisk to indicate “any stage.”
“That means you’ve got two options so far… telling them directly that you are leaving
and simply doing nothing about it at all.”
Skill:
Stage:
What are the similarities and differences between the five-stage counseling model the
person centered and cognitive behavioral therapies?
Answer:Answer not provided.
The skills of the Basic Listening Sequence (BLS) must be used in a specified sequence
in order to be useful to the interviewer and make sense of the client conversation.
Explain what mirror neurons are and and how they support empathy.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
What is White privilege? Middle-class privilege? Male privilege? Please give two
examples of each.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
One of the major difficulties is to take action on the TLC and stress management
strategies. Discuss the issue of the “knowing-doing” gap and how you would help
clients engage in stress management and the TLCs.
Answer:
Answer not provided.
How can the empathic relationshipstory and strengthsgoalrestoryactionmodel be
implemented throughout using positive psychology and wellness concepts in the
interview?
Answer:
Answer not provided.
What are the main characteristics and values of an encourager, paraphrase, and
summarization?
Answer:
Answer not provided.
Neuroscience research strongly supports a wellness and positive approach to
counseling.