Most children fall within the “easy” category: adaptable, approachable, and positive in
mood.
Good behavior modification relies primarily on punishers.
The onset of ADHD is before the age of 5.
Constantly repeating key phrases is a great way to help children with special needs
learn language.
Teachers cannot avoid focusing on the paraprofessional’s personality when giving
constructive criticism to the paraprofessional.
Logical consequences will occur without adult intervention.
Itard’s contribution to child development was the theory of inborn adaptation.
It is recommended practice to continue using a prompt even when the child with severe
disabilities no longer needs it.
An inclusion support specialist is usually a therapist who sees the child in an inclusive
setting.
If a child has a significant motor disability he or she is highly likely to have a cognitive
deficit as well.
Parent involvement is the best indicator of parent concern.
Children learn many skills from each other.
Teaching must be activity-based.
Children with learning impairments profit by overlearning and repeated practice.
A student who is diagnosed as legally blind has 20/200 vision in both eyes.
By 2005, the majority of schools had developed curriculum standards for 3- to
5-year-olds.
The primary decision maker in the IFSP is the service coordinator.
Only parents should be included in conferences and planning.
Communication and language are complex skills that are best understood with a context
of social interaction.
The multidisciplinary assessment team is expected to collaborate with the parents in
writing appropriate outcomes for the IFSP.
The IEP process provides for service coordination and smooth transition.
A significant advantage of the PECS system is that is requires social interaction.
A strong, positive attachment to a primary caregiver appears to be the key to the
development of a healthy personality.
The IFSP is family-focused while the IEP is still more child-focused.
Children are able to master rote memory almost from birth.
Early childhood curricula usually include experiences in
a. Exploration
b. Sharing
c. Interaction with peers
d. All of the above
Young children should be encouraged to learn language for many purposes or
“functions.” Not included in functional language use is
a. Reciting the alphabet
b. Making requests
c. Obtaining social interaction
d. Gaining and giving information
The person whose job it is to serve as the single point of contact in helping families to
obtain appropriate services is the
a. Specialist involved
b. Early interventionist
c. Assessor
d. Service coordinator
One-to-one assistants should
a. Provide whatever degree of intervention they think is necessary
b. Act as a buffer between the child and her peers
c. Avoid stigmatizing the child as the only one in the class who requires a personal
assistant
d. View their position in the classroom as permanent
A useful technique to employ when teaching self-help skills is
a. Reverse chaining
b. Behavior modification
c. Concrete reinforcement
d. Shaping
Which of the following may not be a useful way to help a child improve his or her
self-control?
a. Exhibiting confidence in the child’s ability to improve his self-control
b. Responding to and correcting all disruptive behavior
c. Removing unnecessary sources of frustration and noises from the classroom
d. Dealing consistently with temper tantrums
__________ is starting with whatever the child can do and gradually encouraging
him/her that move closer and closer to the correct behavior
a. Equivalent practice
b. Embedded learning opportunities
c. Progressive matching
d. Successful approximations
Speech and language
a. Develop systematically beginning with the birth cry
b. Begin to develop at about 6 months
c. Begin to develop at about 18 months
d. Develop in different ways in different cultures
Which person does not usually participate in the meeting where the IEP is developed?
a. Parent
b. Physician
c. Administrator in the school district
d. Special education teacher
The 18- to 24-month-old toddler shows that he or she has the ability to think by
showing
a. Intuitive ability and intentionality
b. Deferred imitation and pretend play
c. Concrete operations and formal operations
d. Acting out future scenarios
Legislation requires that __________ of children in Head Start be children with
disabilities.
a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 20%
d. 25%
Whose goals take highest priority on the list of objectives formulated at the IEP
planning meeting?
a. Parent
b. Special education teacher
c. Specialist most involved
d. Interdisciplinary IEP team member
What is true of foster caregiving?
a. Foster caregiving is fortunately decreasing in the United States.
b. Early interventionists must be concerned about attachment and emotional
development in foster children.
c. Foster parents should be excused from participating in home and center activities.
d. A foster home is not appropriate for home visits.
The pattern of voluntary movement that begins in the shoulder, then moves on to the
elbow area, wrist, and finally the fingers is called the
a. Proximo-distal pattern
b. Mass-to-specific pattern
c. Bilateral-to-unilateral pattern
d. Maximum-to-minimum muscle-involvement pattern
The preferred consultation approach in education today is
a. Collaborative consultation model
b. Clinical consultation model
c. Itinerant consultation model
d. ECSE consultation model
Important components of effective collaboration include
a. Effective communication
b. Problem solving
c. Conflict resolution
d. All of the above
One effective way to work with children who are reluctant to participate is to
a. Insist that they participate in every activity
b. Seat them where they cannot see the activity
c. Ignore them completely
d. Couple attention with something pleasant
Which of the following is not a factor in the successful inclusion of a child with special
needs in a community-based setting?
a. Well-trained, flexible ECE staff
b. Family involvement
c. Potty trained
d. Mutual respect between ECE staff and special education therapeutic staff
The term “natural environments” means
a. The least restrictive environment
b. And environment where technology is available
c. An environment where children without disabilities participate
d. Services provided in the home
In order to gather a comprehensive picture of a child with a disability the teacher needs
to learn about the child from the family and
a. Share information from other relevant professionals
b. Skillfully observe the child
c. Review all available records
d. All of the above
An optimal working relationship between teacher and paraprofessional is highly
dependent on
a. Recognition of the paraprofessional’s job
b. Independence of the paraprofessional
c. Skills of the paraprofessional
d. Communication between early interventionist and paraprofessional
When caring for young children in groups it is not important to create
a. Small group sizes
b. A bond between a child and an instructor of the same gender
c. Continuity of care
d. Cultural and familial continuity
An example of a community-based inclusive setting would be:
a. Head Start
b. Neighborhood play group
c. Child development center
d. All of the above
When a child is avoided by other children because he or she is aggressive, an example
of which one of the following is evident?
a. Logical consequences
b. Unavoidable consequences
c. Logical connections
d. Natural consequences
The purpose of creating an ecological inventory for a student with severe disabilities in
an inclusive classroom would be to
a. Identify discrepancies between a child’s actual participation and the expected
performance of a skill
b. Analyze steps in an activity and the skills needed to participate
c. Maximize the chance that a student will respond correctly
d. Identify the child’s preferred activities
When Frederick was 5 months old, he looked at his favorite ball, but when it rolled out
of his view, he did not search for it. Now at 9 months old moves around to search for it,
reflecting the presence of:
a. Object permanence
b. Schema
c. Symbolic ability
d. Assimilation
Which of the following give an indication that a paraprofessional knows how to begin
successful involvement with young children?
a. Say that he/she loves children
b. Get on eye level with the children
c. Show a real interest in the families
d. Has raised children of his or her own
Hand dominance is often not achieved until the age of
a. 4 years
b. 5 years
c. 6 years
d. 7 years
The classic theory of effectance motivation is that
a. Motivators are externally provided
b. Positive reinforcers increase the strength of certain behaviors
c. The child is reinforced by contingencies
d. All children have an internal drive toward achievement
According to Greenspan’s model of affective development, when do healthy infants
develop the ability to regulate their internal state (homeostasis) in ways that allow them
to attend to the world around them?
a. At birth
b. Birth to three months
c. Three months to six months
d. Six months to nine months
Standing next to a child and reminding him that he is waiting very patiently for his turn
in order to avoid his typical behavior of a tantrum is an example of
a. Consequences
b. Contingencies
c. Antecedents
d. Reinforcers