Chapter 13—Concrete Action Strategies for Client Change: Logical Consequences,
Instruction/Psychoeducation, Stress Management, and Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Logical consequences is a strategy appropriate rarely used by:
a.
decisional counseling.
b.
cognitive behavioral therapy.
c.
person centered therapy.
d.
motivational interviewing.
2. For which of the following theories of counseling and psychotherapy is logical consequences an
appropriate strategy?
a.
Decisional counseling
b.
Cognitive behavioral therapy
c.
Brief counseling
d.
All of the above
3. What is the expected result of counselor use of logical consequences?
a.
Clients can better predict the consequences of their actions.
b.
The client is more involved in the process of decision-making.
c.
Client may change her or his behavior.
d.
All of the above.
4. Which of the following provides the client with data on both positive and negative consequences of an
intended action?
a.
Logical consequences
b.
Directive
c.
Feedback
d.
Instruction/psychoeducation
5. “If you do this…, then…” is a counselor statement most likely heard when the counselor is executing
the skill of:
a.
logical consequence.
b.
information/advice.
c.
counselor directives.
d.
none of the above.
6. Which of the following statements is TRUE of logical consequences?
a.
As clients move toward decisions, encourage them to always think positively.
b.
It is the counselor’s responsibility to direct the client when he/she is considering a bad
decision.
c.
Counselors provide clients with a summary of positive and negative consequences in a
nonjudgmental manner.
d.
Effective counselors always encourage clients to attempt new tasks in anticipation of
rewards.
7. “Carter, if you continue to harass your sister, this is what will happen—you’ll get a time out.” This is
an example of:
a.
interpretation.
b.
logical consequences.
c.
self-disclosure.
d.
feedback.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE of counselor use of logical consequence?
a.
The strategy of logical consequences is particularly important and most often used in
decisional counseling.
b.
Through systematic questioning and discussion, the counselor helps clients clarify positive
and negative consequences of a variety of alternatives.
c.
The counselor’s task is to help the client make decisions, not make decisions for the client.
d.
All of the above.
9. Exploring specific alternatives and the logical positive and negative concrete consequences of each
possibility is the skill of:
a.
logical consequence.
b.
information/psychoeducation.
c.
directives.
d.
none of the above.
10. The skill of logical consequences is most closely associated with which of the following schools of
therapy?
a.
Psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioral
b.
Gestalt, Logotherapy
c.
Rogerian, person-centered
d.
Adlerian, decisional
11. Anticipation of rewards or punishment is most closely associated with which of the following
influencing strategies?
a.
Directive
b.
Feedback
c.
Self-disclosure
d.
Logical consequences
12. “If you don’t come with me to the party, I’ll really be angry and you’ll be sorry.” This is an example
of:
a.
interpretation.
b.
logical consequences.
c.
self-disclosure.
d.
feedback.
13. Which one of the following INACCURATELY describes a step for using the strategy of logical
consequences?
a.
Through listening, clarify that you and your client understand the situation in the same
way.
b.
Use questions and brainstorming to help the client generate alternatives.
c.
As the client lists positive consequences, the counselor lists negative consequences.
d.
Provide a nonjudgmental summary of positive and negative consequences.
14. Which of the following is NOT a suggested step for implementing the logical consequences skill?
a.
Draw out story and strengths
b.
Generate alternatives
c.
Identify positive and negative consequences
d.
Interpret and reframe
15. Offering specific instruction to the client on how to resolve issues and providing useful suggestions for
personal change is the skill of:
a.
logical consequence.
b.
instruction/psychoeducation.
c.
counselor directives.
d.
none of the above.
16. “Now, if I were you, I’d study a little harder because that is a difficult course. That’s what I think you
ought to do.” This is an example of:
a.
logical consequences.
b.
feedback.
c.
directive.
d.
instruction/psychoeducation.
17. What is an appropriate counselor response when clients sometimes ask you directly for advice?
a.
Give the client psychoeducational instruction based on your personal experience.
b.
Offer your opinion; the right advice fosters independence in the client.
c.
Ask the client to explore the issue from a different perspective first.
d.
Give the client advice based on your best assessment of the client’s problem.
18. “Let me show you how to put the toy together. First, we will read the directions.” This is an example
of:
a.
logical consequences.
b.
feedback.
c.
directive.
d.
instruction/psychoeducation.
19. In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate for a counselor to share instruction
and psychoeducation?
a.
After listening carefully to your client’s account of his or her marital difficulties over
several sessions, at the third session the client asks, “Should I file for divorce?”
b.
You have learned that one of your clients is having difficulty considering the best way to
care for an aging parent. The client says, “I don’t know what to do. How do I go about
exploring elder care, particularly local full-time care facilities?”
c.
As a college counselor, a third year student is reconsidering her choice of majors. You
have listened carefully as she has explained the catalyst and her reasoning when she asks,
“If you were me, which major would you choose?”
d.
A business manager is caught in a company downsizing effort. He is blindsided at work
with a lay-off notice. On his first visit, he seems almost in crisis when he asks, “I have no
idea what to do; what should I do?”
20. Which one of the following is an IMPROPER counselor choice in regards to counselor
psychoeducational/instruction sharing?
a.
Provide advice sparingly and only when the client is likely to need and accept it.
b.
Offer advice and your opinions at any time a client may request it.
c.
After careful listening and if the situation warrants, you can offer advice and instruction.
d.
When listening to counselor advice, let the client be in charge.
21. A word for positive stress is:
a.
plusstress.
b.
eustress.
c.
topstress.
d.
smartstress.
22. The Greek word “eu” means:
a.
one.
b.
deep.
c.
well.
d.
unique.
23. Stress management is of central importance for:
a.
counseling.
b.
psychotherapy.
c.
crisis counseling.
d.
all of the above.
24. Positive stressors :
a.
raise blood pressure and heart rate.
b.
lead to experiencing positive social emotions.
c.
makes people feel “glad.”
d.
all of the above.
25. ____________ first brought issues of stress to our attention.
a.
Hans Selye
b.
Sigmund Freud
c.
Albert Ellis
d.
Allen Ivey
26. Which of the following is a byproduct of positive stress?
a.
Learning
b.
Longer life
c.
Reduction in size of amygdala
d.
All of the above
27. Which of the following is NOT a destructive effect of stress?
a.
Neurogenesis
b.
Negative feelings take control
c.
Brain shrinkage
d.
Mental and physical illness
28. Which of the following is NOT a positive effect of stress?
a.
Neurogenesis
b.
Frontal cortex strengthened
c.
Enlargement of amygdala
d.
Healthier life
29. Which of the following is a possible outcome of stress?
a.
Poor decisions
b.
Weak performance
c.
Emotional breakdown
d.
All of the above
30. Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC):
a.
are strategies to promote mental and physical health.
b.
bring together neuroscience, medicine, and counseling.
c.
originated through early preventive work with heart attack.
d.
promote Type A behavior.
31. The Big 6 TLCs include:
a.
sleep.
b.
meditation.
c.
exercise.
d.
all of the above.
32. Which of the following is NOT one of the Big 6 TLCs?
a.
Cognitive challenge
b.
Prayer
c.
Exercise
d.
Meditation
33. Which of the following is primarily associated with stress management?
a.
Logical consequences
b.
Biofeedback
c.
Gestalt exercises
d.
All of the above
34. Psychoeducational stress management strategies may refer to:
a.
communication skills training.
b.
thought stopping.
c.
assertiveness training.
d.
all of the above.
35. Which one of the following is NOT a psychoeducational stress management strategy?
a.
Thought stopping
b.
Positive images of strength
c.
Assessing positive and negative consequences
d.
Learning social skills
36. Which one of the following will NOT help you learn and use thought stopping?
a.
Catalog your negative thoughts or statements.
b.
Learn the basic process.
c.
Transfer thought stopping to your daily life.
d.
Add positive imaging.
37. Approximately ___ million new neural connections are made and lost daily.
a.
5
b.
10
c.
20
d.
30
38. Which of the following is an enriched consequence of exercise?
a.
Better sleep
b.
Production of dopamine
c.
Increased gray matter
d.
All of the above
39. Which of the following is a destructive consequence of not doing exercise?
a.
Production of BDNF
b.
Production of dopamine
c.
Increased gray matter
d.
Obesity
40. Which of the following is NOT a positive effect of exercise?
a.
Better sleep
b.
Production of dopamine
c.
Increased gray matter
d.
Mental health issues
41. Which of the following regarding exercise is NOT supported by research?
a.
About 25% of the U.S. population gets no exercise at all.
b.
Exercise enhances mood.
c.
Exercise does not benefit people with cancer or multiple sclerosis.
d.
Exercise is useful in the treatment of panic disorders.
42. Which of the following is an enriched consequence of sleep?
a.
Increases hormones
b.
Consolidates learning
c.
Improves mood
d.
All of the above
43. Enriched sleep requires ___ hours of sleep.
a.
5-7
b.
6-8
c.
7-9
d.
8-10
44. Which of the following is an enriched consequence of good nutrition?
a.
Increase myelin
b.
Better mental health
c.
Improves cognition
d.
All of the above
45. Which of the following is an enriched consequence of good social relationships?
a.
More love
b.
Joyful relationships
c.
Helping others
d.
All of the above
46. Which of the following is NOT an enriched consequence of good nutrition?
a.
Joyful relationships
b.
Lower levels of oxytocin
c.
Helping others
d.
None of the above
47. Which of the following is an enriched cognitive challenge?
a.
Learning to play a musical instrument
b.
Mastering a foreign language
c.
Playing bridge
d.
All of the above
48. The _____________________ illustrates the many therapeutic lifestyle changes available to
counselors and therapists.
a.
Tree of Contemplative Practices
b.
Tree of Lifestyle Changes
c.
Tree of Stress Management Strategies
d.
Tree of Therapeutic LifeStyle Management
49. The Stress Management and TLCs skills and strategies almost always belong in the
_______________________ phases of the session.
a.
empathic relationship and story
b.
story and strength and goals
c.
restorying and action
d.
goals and restorying
50. Which of the following strategies are key to protecting our physical and mental health?
a.
Psychoeducation
b.
Stress management
c.
TLCs
d.
All of the above
TRUE/FALSE
1. We don’t usually think of counseling and therapy as providing instruction to clients.
2. The predicted result of psychoeducational instruction states that clients consistently apply counselor
new information and ideas for positive change in their lives.
3. Stress is a psychological and physical response to change.
4. Healthy behavior reaches down even to DNA and modifies genes in a positive fashion.
5. Sleep has been called the No. 1 of the Big Six TLCs.
ESSAY
1. You are working with a sedentary and overweight client. The client has made significant a problem
regarding his mood, but you have come to the realization that action must be taken regarding his
lifestyle. The client’s problem is inability to exercise. The client is a successful business person but
works from his desk. Write about how you would help the client using each category below.
a.
logical consequences
b.
instruction/psychoeducation
c.
TLCs
2. Explain stress management and provide examples for each of the key strategies listed below.
a.
assertiveness training
b.
thought stopping
c.
positive guided imagery
3. Describe the Big 6 TLCs. Indicate how you are doing on each and what would you do to enrich them
in your life. Indicate which additional TLCs presented in the Tree of Contemplative Practices you
would use to improve your physical and mental health. Explain how you are going to use these
practices.
4. One of the major difficulties is to take action on the TLC and stress management strategies. Discuss
the issue of the “knowing–doing” gap and how you would help clients engage in stress management
and the TLCs.
5. Choose four TLCs. Describe each and discuss their neuroscientific basis. Summarize the evidence
demonstrating their effectiveness for improving physical and mental health.