1) ________ is the time spent in prenatal development.
2) therapeutic surgical removal of the thyroid gland was documented more than 1000
years ago. in the 19th century, a surgeon performing that procedure had only about 50%
patient survival, and patient death was often unrelated to nonspecific complications
such as infection or bleeding. what condition of the thyroid is so easily diagnosed that
ancient surgeons would think to remove it? what hormonal problem unrelated to thyroid
hormones may account for the 50% mortality of thyroidectomy patients in the 19th
century (and probably throughout history)? why didn’t the surgeons anticipate this
problem? why wasn’t the mortality closer to 100%?
3) ________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen.
4) what are the three major steps of hemostasis?
5) ________ are tiny droplets of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts.
6) write the five rules for osmolarity and tonicity. are the relative osmolarity and
tonicity of an extracellular solution compared to intracellular fluid always the same? if
they are, explain why. if they are not, give specific examples of when they are different.
7) the rejection of a transplanted organ by the immune system of the recipient is a result
of a cell-mediated immune response, rather than antibody-mediated response. what
does this indicate about the nature of the transplanted cells? from the perspective of the
t cell, are the cells of the transplanted organ significantly different from virus-infected
or cancerous self cells?
8) the ________ is the major source of parasympathetic output.
9) the ability of certain cells to mobilize in response to changes in their chemical
environment is called ________.
10) name two ways a cell changes its membrane permeability to ions. (hint: one way is
relatively slow.)