What is the fundamental ego defense mechanism because it is involved in all of the
other defense mechanisms?
A. Sublimation
B. Projection
C. Identification
D. Repression
The Renaissance humanists wanted religion to be more:
A. universal
B. monotheistic
C. ritualistic
D. personal
Anna Freud believed that the superego develops in the ____ stage, while Klein believed
it develops in the ____ stage.
A. oral; phallic
B. phallic; oral
C. oral; anal
D. phallic; phallic
What is Mller’s proposition that there are five types of sensory nerves, each containing a
characteristic energy?
A. The Bell-Magendie law
B. The doctrine of specific nerve energies
C. The principle of the conservation of energy
D. The law of forward conduction
According to Hebb, when a phase sequence fires, we experience a(n):
A. random idea
B. stream of thought
C. general state of well-being
D. mass action
According to Helvtius, control ____ and you control the contents of the mind.
A. experience
B. animal desires
C. unconscious impulses
D. faculties of the mind
A belief in the importance of ____ formed the core of McDougall’s theory.
A. innate ideas
B. instincts
C. perception
D. overt behavior
Leibniz referred to the point at which an experience becomes strong enough to cause
awareness as the:
A. limen
B. preconscious
C. petites perceptions
D. modular level
Galton used the concept of ____ to explain why eminent individuals only tended to
have eminent offspring.
A. anthropometry
B. regression toward the mean
C. eugenics
D. the coefficient of correlation
A male is disturbed by his homosexual urges, and decides to have numerous sexual
encounters with women. According to Freud, this exemplifies:
A. projection
B. displacement
C. reaction formation
D. rationalization
If a person is functioning at any level other than self-actualization, he or she is said to
be:
A. being motivated and working with need-directed perception
B. being motivated and working with goal-oriented perception
C. deficiency-motivated and working with need-directed perception
D. deficiency-motivated and working with goal-oriented perception
Parmenides believed that knowledge is attained only through rational thought because
sensory experience:
A. is a supernatural force
B. provides illusion
C. is illogical
D. is a distracter from the truth
Locke’s major argument against the existence of innate ideas was that:
A. they cannot be empirically tested
B. there is no God
C. humans do not share the same ideas
D. they place reason above faith
Using the split-brain preparation, Sperry and his colleagues speculated that:
A. the functions performed by the two cerebral hemispheres were the same
B. there was hemispheric specialization in nonhuman animals but not in humans
C. the functions performed by the two cerebral hemispheres were slightly different
D. the functions performed by the two cerebral hemispheres were dramatically different
Wittgenstein replaced the traditional concept of essence or universal with that of:
A. language games
B. human categorization
C. family resemblance
D. scientific revolution
Bouchard and his colleagues found the heritability for personality traits to be about
____ and for religious interest, attitudes, and values to be about ____.
A. .70; .10
B. .10; .70
C. .80; .20
D. .50; .50
Hull defined ____ as the number of reinforced pairings between a stimulus and a
response.
A. reaction potential
B. habit strength
C. drive
D. operant level
During the preparadigmatic stage of the development of a science:
a. true science is not performed
b. rival camps compete with each other for dominion of the discipline
c. rival camps work together to come to a consensus
d. one camp dominates the discipline
Which statement best reflects Kuhn’s views of the 14th and 15th centuries?
A. There was a complete shift from a Christian paradigm to a scientific paradigm.
B. Anomalies began to arise with the Christian paradigm.
C. The scientific paradigm coexisted with the Christian paradigm.
D. The scientific paradigm began to lose momentum because of the strength of the
Christian paradigm.
Pavlov found that forcing an organism to continue to solve an increasingly difficult
discrimination problem often resulted in what he referred to as:
A. spontaneous recovery
B. disinhibition
C. experimental neurosis
D. a cortical mosaic
What indicates how much of the variation among measures (e.g., test scores) is
attributed to genetic influences?
A. Nurture
B. Heritability
C. The preparedness continuum
D. The correlation coefficient (r)
According to Kuhn, the set of beliefs, values, assumptions, and a particular way of
doing research which are accepted by a group of scientists is called:
a. a metaphysical orientation
b. the religious component of science
c. a paradigm
d. a correlational law
According to the text, Freud’s most original contribution to psychology was the:
A. concept of infantile sexuality
B. analysis of dreams
C. concept of the unconscious mind
D. synthesizing of many known facts into a comprehensive theory of personality
Regarding the mind-body issue, Titchener referred to himself as a(n):
A. interactionist
B. epiphenomemolist
C. occasionalist
D. psychophysical parallelist
For Skinner, behavior elicited by a known stimulus is called ____ behavior, and
behavior that was simply emitted by an organism is called ____ behavior.
A. respondent; operant
B. respondent; selected
C. operant; respondent
D. reflexive; operant
Locke believed that all human emotions were derived from:
A. sensory experience
B. feelings of pleasure and pain
C. innate moral principles
D. despair and hope
Sahakian marks the beginning of the school of functionalism with the publication of:
A. Dewey’s article “The Reflex Arc in Psychology”
B. James’s book The Principles of Psychology
C. Stewart’s book Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind
D. The first issue of the American Journal of Psychology
In general, phenomenology refers to any methodology that studies:
A. how to reduce conscious experience to its component parts
B. conscious experience as it occurs without attempting to reduce it to its component
parts
C. how the human experience is linked to non-human animals
D. the inheritance of human traits involved in determining behavior
According to Ladd-Franklin, which of the following sequences accurately describes the
evolution of vision?
A. red-green sensitivity blue-yellow sensitivity achromatic vision
B. achromatic vision red-green sensitivity blue-yellow sensitivity
C. blue-yellow sensitivity achromatic vision red-green sensitivity
D. achromatic vision blue-yellow sensitivity red-green sensitivity
During his work on kinesthesis, Weber made the startling observation that the just
noticeable difference is a constant fraction of the standard weight. For lifted weights,
that fraction is:
A. 1/20
B. 1/30
C. 1/35
D. 1/40
In 1960, Donald Hebb referred to the American revolution in psychology. According to
Hebb, only one phase of the American revolution in psychology had taken place at that
time:
A. the behavioristic movement
B. the cognitive movement
C. the psychobiological movement
D. the psychoanalytical movement
Of all human relationships, Horney believed the relationship between ____ to be the
most important.
A. brother and sister
B. husband and wife
C. friends
D. parent and child
Which of the following is a common misconception regarding the views of faculty
psychologists?
A. Faculty psychologists are those who refer to various mental abilities in their
descriptions of the mind.
B. Faculty psychologists refer to faculty as a classification category.
C. Faculty psychologists believe that a faculty of the mind is housed in a specific
location in the brain.
D. Faculty psychologists believe that mental faculties are active powers of the mind.