1) functions of the kidneys include all but one of the following. identify the exception.
a) regulation of extracellular fluid volume
b) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids
c) regulation of blood protein levels
d) regulation of blood osmolarity
e) homeostatic regulation of blood ph
2) the perception threshold describes the
a) intensity of stimulus required to generate a receptor potential.
b) intensity of stimulus required to generate an action potential.
c) convergence of information from multiple primary sensory neuron onto a single
secondary neuron.
d) concept that neurons higher in the sensory pathway can dampen the intensity of a
stimulus.
3) the five functional types of epithelia are listed below. match each type with its
location and/or description.
a. exchange
b. transport
c. ciliated
d. protective
e. secretory
this tissue actively and selectively regulates the exchange of nongaseous material, such
as ions and nutrients, and can be regulated in response to various stimuli.
4) match these brain areas with their descriptions.
a. cerebellum
b. hypothalamus
c. thalamus
d. cerebrum
receives sensory input from the inner ear’s receptors for equilibrium and balance
5) oxygen consumption increases with exercise due to the fact that the contracting
muscles are doing work and require atp to produce the contractions.
a) how does the body meet the increased demand for oxygen?
b) calculate the oxygen consumption of a runner using the following information:
heart rate: 130 bpm; stroke volume: 270 ml/beat;
arterial oxygen content: 250 ml o2/l blood,
and venous oxygen content: 100 o2/l blood.
6) match the structure or compound to its function.
a. ezetimbe
b. ferroportin
c. hepcidin
d. dmt1
e. npc1l1
hormone that decreases iron absorption
7) neurons in the cns of the adult don’t contain centrioles. what does that tell you about
cns neurons?
a) they don’t produce any products.
b) it doesn’t tell you much of anything.
c) they don’t replicate themselves.
d) they don’t carry nerve impulses.
8) the five functional types of epithelia are listed below. match each type with its
location and/or description.
a. exchange
b. transport
c. ciliated
d. protective
e. secretory
these thin, flattened cells allow the rapid passage of o2 and co2 through the cells of the
lungs and of certain blood vessels.
9) which of the following is a key intermediate of glucose catabolism to the citric acid
cycle?
a) atp
b) pyruvate
c) oxygen
d) lactate
e) glucokinase
10) for the structures listed below, choose one of the following:
a. structure is composed of gray matter
b. structure is composed of white matter
basal ganglia
11) refer to the graph below.
a.at a po2 of 80 mm hg, which type of hemoglobin binds more oxygen?
b.at a po2 of 40 mm hg, which type of hemoglobin has released more oxygen to the
cell?
c.explain the significance of the differences in fetal and maternal hemoglobin affinity.
d.if a worm lived in low oxygen mud flats where the po2 is 60 mm hg, which type of
hemoglobin would be better for it to have? explain.
12) increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in
a) decreased heart rate.
b) decreased cardiac output.
c) decreased blood flow to the lungs.
d) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
e) all of the answers are correct.
13) symptoms of low plasma ph may include
a) cns depression.
b) confusion and disorientation.
c) numbness, tingling, or muscle twitches.
d) cns depression and confusion and disorientation.
e) cns depression; confusion and disorientation; and numbness, tingling, or muscle
twitches.
14) in response to the arrival of acidic chyme in the duodenum, the blood levels of
a) secretin rise.
b) cholecystokinin fall.
c) gastrin rise.
d) enterocrinin fall.
e) all of these answers are correct.
15) a molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would
a) interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin.
b) cause an increase in blood ph.
c) increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood.
d) decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma.
e) all of the answers are correct.
16) the “powerhouse” of the cell, atp is produced here.
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. golgi apparatus
c. lysosomes
d. mitochondria
e. peroxisomes
17) you and your fellow deep-sea scientists have discovered a new form of marine
invertebrate, and are anxious to determine the similarities and differences to animals
already characterized. chemical analysis reveals the following concentrations of
permeable cations:
nernst equation: eion = 61/z log [ion]out/[ion]in
your studies of the neuromuscular junction reveal that the excitatory neurotransmitter
opens a channel permeable to all three cations. calculate the equilibrium potential for
each cation. in which direction will each cation move when the channel is open? does
movement of ions promote muscle depolarization? explain your answer.
18) trace a drop of water through the urinary system, beginning with the plasma in the
renal artery.
19) the ________ is the inner lining of the uterus.
20) why is it necessary to label the axes of a graph?
21) the minimum amount of stimulus required to depolarize an excitable membrane and
generate an action potential is known as the ________.
22) draw a map that shows the renal compensation for acidosis. draw another map for
alkalosis.
23) a patient is given an intravenous infusion of glucose solution that has a
concentration of 25 grams of glucose per liter. if the infusion is given at a rate of 4
milliliters per minute, what is the mass flow of glucose into the body?
24) you work in a paper mill. the smell is horrible every day when you get to work, but
by the end of the day, you hardly notice it. why?
25) the maximal rate of consumption of ________ is used as a measurement of a
person’s ability to perform endurance exercise and is measured in what units? how is
this molecule related to metabolism?
26) we have finally discovered life on venus. nasa scientists are investigating a newly
discovered life form: a single-celled organism found in the swampy canals. you have
been contracted by nasa to perform an electrophysiology study. using intracellular
electrodes to measure the electrical charge inside the cell, you find it has a resting
membrane potential of -45 mv when the outside fluid is arbitrarily set to 0 mv.
additionally, you have determined ion concentrations and listed them below.
for fun, you have used new molecular biology techniques to insert protein channels into
the cell membrane that allow only na+ and cl- to pass. predict which ion(s) will move.
tell what direction it (they) will move and what force(s) is/are acting on it (them).