1) hydatid mole is a type of pregnancy that, without medical intervention, frequently
results in the death of the mother. the hydatid mole is thought to result most often from
an abnormality in fertilization, such that the egg has two copies of paternal
chromosomes, and no maternal dna. a fetus fails to develop; instead there is rapidly
growing chorionic tissue in the placenta, which secretes hcg and thus leads to a positive
pregnancy test and outward signs of pregnancy. the first clue to the obstetrician that the
pregnancy is abnormal is often the lack of a heartbeat in the first trimester.
a. what is the genotype of the hydatid mole tissue? from the genotype alone, would
most science-literate students predict that a normal embryo would form? explain,
indicating what this suggests about maternal and paternal contributions to the embryo.
b. the most common cause of molar pregnancy-related maternal death is a type of
cancer called choriocarcinoma, with the hydatid mole being the source and thus
resembling a tumor. what characteristic of tumors leads to cancer?
c. while these pregnancies often spontaneously abort, some women may elect to
terminate a hydatid molar pregnancy. is this a special case of elective abortion or is it
tumor-removal? explain.
2) autonomic motor neurons are subdivided into the
a) visceral and somatic divisions.
b) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
c) central and peripheral divisions.
d) visceral and enteric divisions.
e) somatic and enteric divisions.
3) which of these does not contribute significantly to the protection of the brain?
a) cranium
b) subarachnoid space
c) cerebrospinal fluid (csf)
d) dura mater
e) cerebral space
4) match the transport process to its description.
a. simple diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. both
d. neither
the use of atp to move molecules
5) a molecule that loses electrons during a reaction is
a) reduced.
b) oxidized.
c) dehydrated.
d) hydrated.
6) “glucose is transported from blood into cells by transporters in response to insulin.”
this type of explanation is
a) mechanistic.
b) theological.
c) teleological.
d) metalogical.
e) scatological.
7) enzymes are often useful as diagnostic tools. how?
a) enzymes destroy pathogenic bacteria so blood levels of bacteria decline.
b) enzymes destroy damaged cells so x-rays reveal smaller body organs.
c) damaged cells release enzymes into the blood that can be detected.
d) the liver releases enzymes that accumulate in the urine.
8) during defecation,
a) stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate sympathetic centers in the spinal cord.
b) stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate parasympathetic centers in the spinal cord.
c) stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate both sympathetic and parasympathetic
centers in the spinal cord.
d) the internal anal sphincter is consciously relaxed.
e) the external anal sphincter contracts.
9) interstitial cells produce
a) sperm.
b) inhibin.
c) nutrients.
d) androgens.
e) androgen-binding protein.
10) all of the following will normally be found in the filtrate except
a) glucose
b) potassium
c) erythrocytes
d) urobilinogen
11) match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it.
a. enzymes
b. hcl
c. hco3-
d. mucus
e. more than one of these
parietal cells
12) explain the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis and exocytosis.
13) the bending of light as it passes through media of different densities is called
________.
14) a chemistry student accidentally spills chlorine bleach into a dilute acid. the mixture
reacts and produces fumes that are inhaled by the student and that reduce his
ventilation. assume that the gaseous chemical produced is a base (i.e., it releases oh- in
an aqueous solution), and that the chemical is absorbed into the bloodstream at the
alveoli. explain why ventilation is reduced in the patient.
15) with what you have learned about pulmonary ventilation, how would you design an
artificial respirator to keep patients with paralyzed respiratory muscles alive? how does
artificial respiration by a machine compare to mouth-to-mouth respiration?
16) explain the process of secondary active transport and how it uses atp.
17) the exocrine portion of the pancreas consists of lobules called ________, which
secrete ________.
18) explain why the prefix homeo- is used in the term homeostasis. why do some
physiologists prefer the term homeodynamics over homeostasis?