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Which of the following can occur with decompression sickness?
I. Joint pain
II. Chest Pain and Coughing
III. Paresthesia and Paralysis
IV. Circulatory Failure
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I only
c. I, II, and IV
d. I and IV only
What is the term for the therapeutic positional measures which utilize gravity to assist
in secretion removal from the lungs?
a. postural drainage
b. vibration
c. percussion
d. chest wall oscillation
At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors initially activated?
a. PaO2 of 60 mmHg
b. PaO2 of 30 mmHg
c. PaCO2 of 60 mmHg
d. PaCO2 of 30 mmHg
What is the average blood volume in adult females?
a. 4-5 L
b. 3-4 L
c. 5-6 L
d. 6-7 L
Which organs are responsible for destroying RBCs?
a. spleen and liver
b. liver and kidneys
c. spleen and kidneys
d. liver and pancreas
What is the term for the middle two-third of the kidney?
a. medulla
b. cortex
c. calcyx
d. pelvis
What effect does an increased K+ level have on the adrenal cortex?
a. stimulates increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
b. inhibits aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
c. stimulates increased ADH secretion from the adrenal cortex
d. inhibits ADH secretion from the adrenal cortex
In which sleep stage do alpha waves comprise more than 50% of the EEG?
a. Eyes Closed -Wake
b. Eyes Open-Wake
c. REM
d. Stage N 1
What substance is formed when CO2 is hydrolyzed?
a. carbonic acid which dissociates into HCO3- and H+
b. lactic acid
c. carbamino compounds
d. carboxyhemoglobin
What type of epithelium lines the anterior third of the nasal cavity?
a. stratified squamous
b. pseudostratified ciliated squamous
c. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
d. cuboidal
What is the average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest?
a. 25 - 40 breaths/min
b. 15-24 breaths/min
c. 30-60 breaths/min
d. 12-20 breaths/min
What is the most common sleep disorder?
a. insomnia
b. hypersomnia
c. narcolepsy
d. sleep apnea
What is the leading cause of death by poisoning in the USA?
a. carbon monoxide poisoning
b. botulism food poisoning
c. salmonella food poisoning
d. arsenic posioning
What is the term for the body's compensatory responses to relocation to a high altitude
from seal level?
a. acclimatization
b. adjustment
c. adaptation
d. accomodation
Which of the WBs contain heparin and histamine?
a. basophils
b. eosinophils
c. neutrophils
d. monocytes
What is the term for a rapid respiratory rate?
a. tachypnea
b. hyperpnea
c. hyperventilation
d. eupnea
What impact will the administration of a high FIO2 likely have on a patient with
chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia?
a. peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the excess oxygen being
administered and ventilation would be depressed
b. central chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the high O2 being administered and
ventilation would be depressed
c. peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed due to the low H+ and ventilation
would be depressed
d. both central and peripheral chemoreceptors would respond by triggering oxygen
induced hyperventilation
Which substance in the alveoli is responsible for lowering the surface tension?
a. pulmonary surfactant
b. mucus
c. saline
d. plasma
When rapid ventilatory rates occur, what is the term for the condition in which positive
pressure remains in the alveoli during exhalation due to the insufficient expiratory time?
a. auto-PEEP
b. WOB
c. pendulluft
d. frequency dependence
Why would stroke volume increase during exercise?
I. Parasympathetic discharge increases cardiac contractility
II. Vasodilation of working muscles increases venous return to the heart
III. Vascoconstriction of peripheral venous blood reservoirs increases venous return
a. II and III only
b. I , II, and III
c. I only
d. I and III only
Which receptors initiate reflexes in heart rate and breathing in response to changes in
systemic blood pressure?
a. carotid sinus and aortic baroreceptors
b. aortic bodies and carotid bodies
c. peripheral proprioceptors
d. J-receptors
Which dysrhythmia is characterized by a normal P-QRS-T complex, multiple missing
P-QRS-T complexes, followed by a normal P-QRS-T complex?
a. sinus arrest
b. sinus block
c. asystole
d. trigeminy
Which portion of the brain coordinates the rate, depth, and rhythm?
a. VRG
b. DRG
c. PRG
d. apneustic center
What intrapleural pressure must be generated to initiate the first breath?
a. -40 cm H20
b. -400 cm H20
c. -4 cm H20
d. 40 cm H20
What is the term for the procedure in which a sample of the fluid surrounding a fetus is
removed via a needle inserted through the uterine wall and the fluid sample is analyzed
for abnormalities?
a. amniocentesis
b. thoracentesis
c. chorionic villi sampling
d. sonography
Which portion of the brain relays information from the chemoreceptors to the VRG?
a. DRG
b. PRG
c. apneustic center
d. hypothalamus
Which of the following can cause kidney inflammation?
I. Radiation
II. Drugs
III. Altered immune response
a. I, II, and IIII and III only
Which of the following conditions is associated with right heart failure?
a. cor pulmonale
b. pulmonary edema
c. pneumothorax
d. pneumonia
How effect does hypovolemia have on ventricular preload?
a. As preload decreases, cardiac output decreases so BP would drop
b. As preload decreases, cardiac output increases so BP would increase
c. As preload decreases, cardiac output decreases and BP would increase
d. Ventricular preload is not affected by hypovolemia
If an individual at sea level has a blood volume of 5 L, how much oxygen would be
transported physically dissolved if the PaO2 were 100 mm Hg?
a. 15 mL
b. 1.5 ml
c. 150 mL
d. 50 mL
What does the sum of anatomic deadspace and alveolar deadspace equal?
a. physiologic deadspace
b. minute ventilation
c. alveolar ventilaion
d. total gas exchange
Which of the following factors contribute to stimulate the first breath?
I. Tactile stimulation
II. Stimulation of central chemoreceptors
III. Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors
IV. Thermal stimuli
a. I, II, III, IV
b. I, II, and III only
c. II and III only
d. I and IV only
In which portion of the primary lobule does the majority of gas exchange occur?
a. tight space of interstitium
b. loose space of intestitium
c. Pores of Kohn
d. Type II pneumocyte
During heavy exercise, what percent of the total oxygen consumption is consumed by
the skeletal muscles?
a. 95% +
b. 75%
c. 55%
d. 35%
Where is the bone marrow located that produces erythrocytes?
I. Cranium
II. Vertebrae
III. Ribs and sternum
IV. Femur
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. II, III, and IV only
c. II and IV only
d. I, II, and III only
