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Which structures form the upper third of the nose?
I. Nasal bones
II. Frontal process of maxilla
III. Lateral nasal cartilage
IV. Greater alar cartilage
a. I and II only
b. I , II, and III only
c. I. II, and IV only
d. I, II, III, and IV
3In the ACLS treatment protocols for bradycardia, what are the second-line drugs
recommended for the treatment of bradycardia?
a. dopamine and epinephrine
b. epinephrine and atropine
c. dopamine and atropine
d. dopamine and albuterol
What is the primary surface tension lowering chemical in pulmonary surfactant?
a. DPPC
b. CPPD
c. PCP
d. BPD
Which of the cartilages of the larynx are unpaired?
a. thyroid, epiglottis, and cricoid
b. thyroid, cricoid, and cuneiform
c. artyenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate
d. thyroid, epiglottis, and arytenoid
Where does urine formation begin?
a. renal corpuscle
b. renal pelvis
c. collecting duct
d. loop of Henle
What is derived when (content of oxygen in arterial blood x 10) is multiplied by cardiac
output?
a. total oxygen delivery
b. oxygen consumption
c. oxygen extraction ratio
d. shunt
Which phases of the action potential represent the absolute refractory period?
I. Phase 0
II. Phase 1
III. Phase 2
IV. First half of Phase 3
V. First half of Phase 4
a. I, II, III, and IV only
b. I, II, and III only
c. IV and V only
d. II, III, and IV only
How are elevated levels of calcium, magnesium or phosphate ions regulated by the
kidneys?
a. increased levels result in decreased reabsorption and elimination into the urine
b. increased levels result in increased reabsoption and stimulation of ADH
c. increased levels result in increased reabsoption and stimulation of aldosterone
d. increased levels result in decreased reabsorption and stimulation of the respiratory
centers in the medulla
Which of the following will result in a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio?
I. Asthma
II. Emphysemaa
III. Pulmonary fibrosis
IV. Pulmonary emboli
a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, and IV only
c. 1, II, III, and IV
d. II, III, and IV only
What change in DLCO is expected over the course of adult life?
a. It will decrease by 20%
b. It will decrease by 5%
c. It will decrease by 30%
d. It will decreaase by 40%
Which hormone is used in blood boosting by athletes?
a. EPO
b. ACTH
c. HCG
d. Glucagon
Which of the following are ways carbon dioxide is transported in the plasma?
I. Dissolved
II. Bicarbonate
III. Carbamino-Hb
a. I and II only
b. I, II, and III
c. I only
d. II only
What is the general term for abnormalities that impair blood flow to the kidneys?
a. prerenal conditions
b. renal conditions
c. postrenal conditions
d. kidney stones
Which nerve transmits afferent signals from the aortic bodies to the medulla?
a. X cranial nerve
b. IX cranial nerve
c. phrenic
d. XI cranial nerve
By age 60, what is the approximate value for the RV/TLC ratio?
a. 35%
b. 20%
c. 50%
d. 65%
Which of the following can produce a pulseless arrest?
I. Asystole
II. Ventricular tachycardia
III. Ventricular fibrillation
IV. Pulseless electrical activity
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. II and III only
c. II, III, and IV only
d. I, III, and IV only
What type of epithelium is present in the pulmonary capillaries?
a. squamous
b. pseudostratified squamous
c. cuboidal
d. pseudostratified columnar
At what approximate rate do the VRG's expiratory neurons fire per minute in a healthy
adult at rest?
a. 12-15 times
b. 4-8 times
c. 18-22 times
d. 24-28 times
How might hyperventilation prior to a breath hold dive allow the diver to extend the
duration of the dive?
a. reduces CO2 stores and extends time before breaking point is reached
b. decreases the CO2 and O2 stores and extends time before breaking point is reached
c. decreases the pH and CO2 stores and extends time before the breaking point is
reached
d. reduces CO2 and O2 stores and lowers the pH to extend time before the breaking
point is reached
Which phase of the action potential prolongs the contraction of the myocardial cells?
a. Phase 2
b. Phase 3
c. Phase 4
d. Phase 5
Which type of epithelium is present in the larynx above the vocal cords?
a. stratified squamous
b. cuboidal
c. pseudostratified squamous
d. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What effect, if any, does negative pressure ventilation have on renal function?
a. It increases urinary output
b. It decreases urinary output
c. It enhances renal calculi formation
d. It increases the incidence of renal bacterial infections
Which vessels collect the venous blood from the anterior side of the heart?
a. great cardiac veins
b. middle cardiac vein
c. coronary sinus
d. thebesian veins
What is the term for the repeating ECG pattern in which two sinus beats are followed
by a PVC?
a. trigeminy
b. bigeminy
c. trisomy
d. ventricular tachycardia
Where does the electrical impulse travel after leaving the AV bundle?
a. left and right bundle branches
b. bundle of His
c. Purkinje fibers
d. SA node
How will hypoxia affect the pulmonary capillary bed and pulmonary vascular
resistance?
a. The pulmonary capillary bed constricts and pulmonary vascular resistance increases
b. The pulmonary vascular bed constricts and pulmonary vascular resistance decreases
c. The pulmonary vascular bed dilates and pulmonary vascular resistance falls
d. The pulmonary vascular bed constricts but the pulmonary vascular resistance does
not change
3Which sleep stage is the transitional stage between drowsiness and sleep?
a. Stage N1
b. Stage N2
c. Stage N3
d. Eyes Closed- Wake
In a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal range for PVR in dynes x sec x cm-5 ?
a. 20-120
b. 800 - 1500
c. 120-500
d. 500-800
Which pressure is represented by Prs = PB- Palv ?
a. transrespiratory pressure
b. transmural pressure
c. transthoracic pressure
d. transpulmonary pressure
Which lung volume or capacity is defined as the amount of air that can be exhaled after
a maximum inspiration?
a. VC
b. TLC
c. IRV
d. FRC
Which of the blood cells are considered to be polymorphonuclear granulocytes?
a. Neutrophils
b. Basophils
c. Lymphocytes
d. Basophils
