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What does a P50 of 30 indicate?
a. a rightward shift of the curve meaning a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2
b. a rightward shift of the curve meaning an increased affinity of hemoglobin for O2
c. a leftward shift of the curve meaning a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2
d. a leftward shift of the curve meaning an increased affinity of hemoglobin for O2
What term is defined as "the change in volume of the lungs divided by the change in
transpulmonary pressure during the time required for one breath"?
a. dynamic compliance
b. static compliance
c. airway resistance
d. time constant
At what exercise level would the alveolar-arterial PO2 difference be expected to
change?
a. It will increase when 40% or more of maximum oxygen consumption is reached
b. It will increase when 60% or more of maximum oxygen consumption is reached
c. It will start to decrease when 40% or more of maximum oxygen consumption is
reached
d. It will start to decrease when 60% or more of maximum oxygen consumption is
reached
In a healthy adult at rest, approximately how much time is required for the entire heart
to depolarize?
a. 0.22 seconds
b. 0.02 seconds
c. 2.2 seconds
d. 0.002 seconds
Which structure form the lower two-thirds of the nose?
I. Lateral nasal cartilage
II. Lesser and greater alar cartilages
III. Septal cartilage
IV. Fibrous fatty tissue
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, II, and III only
c. I, II, and IV only
d. I. III, and IV only
At the end of Phase 0, what does the voltage inside the myocardial cell equal?
a. +30 mV
b. +15 mV
c. -30 mV
d. -90 mV
Approximately what percentage of the nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?
a. 20%
b. 80%
c. 60%
d. 10%
A patient has a reported CaO2 of 19 vol% , cardiac output of 4.8 L/min, and CvO2 of
14 vol%. What would the oxygen consumption equal?
a. 240 mLO2/ min
b. 250 mL O2/min
c. 960 mL O2/min
d. insufficent info provided to calculate
Which ribs are identified as floating ribs?
a. 11 and 12
b. 7-12
c. 7-10
d. 9-12
Which would the SVR equal (dynes x sec x cm-5) if MAP equals 90 mm Hg, CVP is 8
mmHg, and CO is 4.5 L/min?
a. 1457
b. 1227
c. 1640
d. 1170
What is the normal systolic and diastolic pressure in the pulmonary system?
a. 25/8 mm Hg
b. 120/80 mm Hg
c. 90/60 mm Hg
d. 40/20 mm Hg
In a healthy individual, which of the lung volumes is the largest?
a. IRV
b. ERV
c. VT
d. RV
What is the term for the molecular cohesive force at a liquid-gas interface?
a. surface tension
b. compliance
c. resistance
d. elastance
What is the term for the duration of time required to fall asleep?
a. sleep latency
b. drowsiness
c. lights out time
d. sleep delay time
When electrical impulses travel toward the positive electrode, what waveform would be
recorded on the ECG tracing?
a. positive deflection
b. negative deflection
c. straight line
d. equiphasic deflection
What changes would be expected in RV, VC and TLC with aging?
a. RV will increase, VC will decrease, and TLC will remain constant
b. RV and TLC will increase while VC will decrease
c. RV will decrease, VC and TLC will remain constant
d. VC and TLC will decrease while RV remains constant
What is the body's most abundant buffering system?
a. protein buffer system
b. phosphate buffer system
c. carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
d. hepatic buffering system
Which substance is reabsorbed by active transport by the proximal tubule?
a. glucose
b. water
c. H+
d. K+
What is another term for acute respiratory acidosis?
a. acute ventilatory failure
b. acute alveolar hyperventilation
c. chronic alveolar hyperventilation
d. chronic ventilatory failure
What is the term for an involuntary diaphragmatic spasm followed by sudden glottic
closure?
a. hiccup
b. burp
c. cough
d. sneeze
What would the partial pressure of oxygen equal if the barometric pressure was 600
mm Hg?
a. 125 mm Hg
b. 159 mm Hg
c. 100 mm Hg
d. 60 mm Hg
What effect does foreign matter in the trachea have on ventilation in a healthy adult?
a. The cough reflex is activated
b. The sneeze reflex is activated
c. Apnea is triggered
d. An increase in the rate and depth of breathing is activated
At sea level under standard conditions, what would the PB equal in mm Hg ?
a. 760
b. 1034
c. 14.7
d. 29.9
In a normal lung, how large is the normal anatomic shunt?
a. 3% of cardiac output
b. 6% of cardiac output
c. 9% of cardiac output
d. less than 1% of cardiac output
What structure separates the atria in the heart?
a. interatrial septum
b. interventricular septum
c. conchae
d. pericardium
What of the following can be used to determine the underlying cause of metabolic
acidosis?
a. anion gap
b. ABG
c. urinalysis
d. liver enzyme panel
Which of the following pulmonary shunt values indicates a potentially life-threatening
clinical situation?
a. 35%
b. 23%
c. 17%
d. 8%
How would the pH of pure water be expressed?
a. 10 -7 mol/L
b. 7 -10 mol/L
c. 0
d. 107 mol/L
Which of the following would be most likely to develop after delivery of a newborn at
27 weeks gestational age?
a. PPHN
b. meconium aspiration
c. Tetralogy of Fallot
d. Coarctation of the aorta
What is the general term for the inward movement of tissue between the ribs during
inspiration due to increased negative intrapleural pressure generated during respiratory
distress?
a. intercostal retractions
b. pectus excavatum
c. dyspnea
d. supraclavicular retractions
Which of the following can stimulate the J-receptors?
I. Alveolar inflammation
II. Pulmonary capillary edema
III. Pulmonary emboli
IV. Hypercapnia
a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, II, and IV only
c. I and III only
d. II and III only
