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What is the term for the viscous layer of the mucous blanket?
a. gel
b. sol
c. basal
d. epoxic
Which of the following influence the volume of dissolved gas that moves into a diver's
tissues during a deep dive?
I. Solubility of the gas in the tissues
II. The partial pressure of the gas
III. The hydrostatic pressure in the tissue
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II only
c. II only
d. III only
What is the term for the condition characterized by the cessation of airflow with the
absence of respiratory efforts?
a. CSA
b. OSA
c. narcolepsy
d. hypersomnia
Which acid base abnormality would likely occur in a patient with acute ventilatory
failure who has a complete cardiac and respiratory arrest?
a. combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
How many second generation bronchi would you find in a healthy adult
tracheobronchial tree?
a. 5
b. 3
c. 6
d. 2
What factor causes closure of the foramen ovale?
a. increased blood pressure in the left atrium
b. increased blood pressure in the right atrium
c. increased PCO2 in the arterial blood
d. increased PO2 in the arterial blood
What effect will a complete injury above C3-C5 have on a patient's spontaneous
ventilation?
a. complete diaphragmatic paralysis would result -patient would require mechanical
ventilation
b. partial diaphragmatic paralysis would result -patient would initially require
mechanical ventilation
c. patient would require supplemental oxygen but would still be able to breathe
spontaneously
d. ventilation would be unaffected since the respiratory centers are safely located in the
brain
What directly relates to the acidity of a solution ?
a. concentration of free protons
b. concentration of bound protons
c. concentration of free electrons
d. concentration of bound anions
Which waveform on a capnogram is characteristic of bronchospasm that occurs during
a severe asthmatic episode?
a. shark-fin
b. sine wave
c. sawtooth
d. square wave
What would the RQ equal if the volume of CO2 produced was 220 mL/min and the
volume of O2 consumed was 300 mL/min?
a. 1.36
b. 0.73
c. 0.88
d. 0.66
For what minimum duration is the MVV usually performed?
a. 6 seconds
b. 12 seconds
c. 20 seconds
d. 1 minute
What is the most common cause of an elevated anion gap?
a. accumulation of fixed acids in the blood
b. depletion of fixed acids from the blood
c. hypoventilation
d. hyperventilation
During heavy exercise, what change in perfusion to working muscles can occur?
a. It can increase 25-fold
b. It can increase 8-fold
c. It can increase 12-fold
d. It can increase 4-fold
Which receptors are stimulated by the drop in PaO2 that occurs when lowlanders travel
to high altitudes?
a. peripheral chemoreceptors
b. central chemoreceptors
c. proprioceptors
d. baroreceptors
At rest, what percent of the total oxygen consumption is consumed by the skeletal
muscles ?
a. 35-40%
b. 25-30%
c. 10-15%
d. 50-55%
What is the term for the lung volume or capacity moved in or out in one resting breath?
a. VT
b. RV
c. VC
d. ERV
What is the most common cause of acute respiratory alkalosis?
a. hypoxemia
b. pain
c. fear and anxiety
d. pneumothorax
If there are 9 QRS complexes found in 2 vertical 3 second marks on an ECG, what
would the rate equal?
a. 90
b. 45
c. 60
d. 80
Which health care professionals commonly obtain the ECGs in many hopsitals across
the USA?
a. CRTs and RRTs
b. MDs and DOs
c. MAs
d. MLTs
In the adult at rest, what is the term for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min?
a. bradycardia
b. tachycardia
c. normal heart rate
d. third degree heart block
During a sleep study, which of the following monitors the exhaled carbon dioxide ?
a. capnography
b. thermistor
c. co-oximeter
d. oximeter
How many electrodes are used in a 12 lead ECG?
a. 10 electrodes
b. 12 electrodes
c. 6 electrodes
d. 16 electrodes
Which abnormality is characterized by photophobia, ataxia, hallucinations and clouding
of consciousness?
a. high altitude cerebral edema
b. high altitude pulmonary edema
c. acute mountain sickness
d. Monge's disease
How long after the onset of Stage N1 does Stage N3 Slow Wave Sleep begin?
a. 20-25 minutes
b. 10-12 minutes
c. 35-40 minutes
d. 40-55 minutes
Which structures are nourished by the bronchial arteries?
a. trachea through the terminal bronchioles
b. respiratory zone
c. trachea and mainstem bronchi only
d. noncartilaginous airways only
What percent of a newborn's total sleep time is spent in REM?
a. 50%
b. 40%
c. 30%
d. 20%
A patient has a reported CaO2 of 19 vol%, cardiac output of 4.8 L/min, and CvO2 of 14
vol%. What would the oxygen extraction ratio equal?
a. 26.3%
b. 50%
c. 74%
d. insufficent info provided to calculate
What is the term for the occurrence of three or more PVCs in a row?
a. ventricular tachycardia
b. trigeminy
c. ventricular flutter
d. ventricular fibrillation
Which of the following nerves,when stimulated, causes a decrease in the respiratory
and heart rates of the newborn?
a. V cranial nerve (trigeminal)
b. phrenic
c. VII cranial nerve
d. IX cranial nerve
Which sleep disorder can be treated with tracheostomy?
a. OSA
b. CSA
c. RLS
d. PLMD
In the presence of restrictive lung disorders, how do patients typically offset the
decreased time constants?
a. They adopt an increased respiratory rate
b. They adopt a decreased respiratory rate
c. They adopt a decreased respiratory rate and add a breath hold
d. They adopt a decreased respiratory rate with an increased tidal volume
