Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
At body temperature, how much oxygen is transported in the plasma if the PaO2 is 70
mm Hg?
a. 0.21 vol%
b. 21 vol %
c. 0.021 vol %
d. 2.1 vol%
In a resting adult, what is the term for a heart rate between 100-160 bpm?
a. sinus tachycardia
b. normal heart rate
c. sinus arrhythmia
d. atrial flutter
In an adult, at what angle does the left mainstem bronchus branch from the trachea?
a. 40-60 degrees
b. 60-75 degrees
c. 25-40 degrees
d. 10-15 degrees
What would the total oxygen content equal if the hemoglobin was 16g%, SaO2 was
90% and PaO2 was 63 mm Hg?
a. 19.48 vol%
b. 21.6 vol%
c. 20.1 vol %
d. 19.8 vol%
Which hormone is produced in the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce RBCs?
a. erythryopoietin
b. aldosterone
c. ADH
d. ANP
Which pulmonary measurement reflects the status of the medium to small airways?
a. FEF25-75%
b. MVV
c. FEF200-1200
d. FVC
What changes in arterial blood gases would be expected to occur exercise levels of 40%
of maximum oxygen consumption?
I. PaO2 would decrease
II. PaCO2 would decrease
III. pH would remain unchanged
a. III only
b. I, II, and III
c. I only
d. II only
Which is the average duration of Stage N1?
a. 10-12 minutes
b. 4-6 minutes
c. 14-16 minutes
d. 20-22 minutes
What is the best indicator of an obstructive lung disorder?
a. FEV1/FVC
b. TLC
c. FRC
d. FEF200-1200
What portion of the FVC maneuver is considered to be effort dependent?
a. first 30%
b. first 10%
c. last 30%
d. last 10%
What would the lung compliance equal if a pressure change of 4 cm H20 resulted in a
volume change of 600 mL?
a. 0.15L/cm H20
b. 0.066 L/cm H20
c. 1.5 L/cm H20
d. 0.24 L/cm H20
In the upright lung, how does compliance vary across the lung?
a. The compliance in the apices is lower than in the bases
b. The compliance in the bases is lower than in the apices
c. The compliance is uniform in all regions of the lung
d. The compliance is higher at the hilum than in the apices or bases.
Which neurotransmitter is released when the parasympathetic system is activated?
a. acetylcholine
b. epinephrine
c. norepinephrine
d. prostaglandin
In COPD, what maneuver is often used by patients to offset dynamic compression ?
a. pursed-lip breathing
b. rapid breathing
c. rapid shallow breathing
d. cough
What is the name for the effect of the oxygenation levels of the blood on the uptake and
release of CO2?
a. Haldane effect
b. Bohr effect
c. Severinghaus effect
d. Halston effect
Which phase of the action potential represents the nonrefractory period?
a. Phase 4
b. last half of Phase 3
c. first half of Phase 3
d. Phase 5
What is the term for the moderate state of vascular contraction from continuous
sympathetic stimulation?
a. vasomotor tone
b. sensory overload
c. hypercontraction
d. perpetual sympathesis
Which of the following occur during the mammalian diving reflex during a breath hold
deep dive?
I. Tachycardia
II. Decreased cardiac output
III. Lactic acid acuumulation
IV. Peripheral vasoconstriction
a. II, II, and IV only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I, II and III only
d. II and IV only
Which sleep phase is called paradoxic sleep?
a. REM
b. Stage 3
c. Stage 2
d. Stage 1
How many hours of total sleep time per day are required by most two year olds?
a. 14 hours
b. 12 hours
c. 10 hours
d. 16 hours
What changes would you expect in acid base balance in acute metabolic acidosis?
a. pH and HCO3- below normal
b. pH would be below normal range and HCO3- would be normal
c. pH would be below normal and HCO3- would be above normal limits
d. pH and HCO3- would be above normal limits
What is derived from the following equation?
X = [PB -PH20] FIO2 - PaCO2 (1.25)
a. PAO2
b. PaO2
c. PACO2
d. PN2
If a low-land resident ascends to a high mountain altitude, which of the following
would be stimulated first?
a. peripheral chemoreceptors due to drop in PaO2
b. peripheral chemoreceptors due to drop in PaCO2
c. central chemoreceptors due to drop in PaO2
d. central chemoreceptors due to increase in H+ in CSF
Which hemodynamic value is derived by dividing cardiac output by BSA?
a. CI
b. SVI
c. HR
d. SV
Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ETCO2?
I. Seizures
II. Hyperthermia
III. Hemorrhage
IV. Pulmonary emboli
a. I and II only
b. I, II, and III only
c. I and III only
d. II, III, and IV only
Which sleep stage is characterized by beta waves with high frequency, low amplitude
activity and sawtooth waves?
a. Eyes Open - Wake
b. Eyes Closed Wake
c. N1
d. N2
Which of the following are associated with acute alveolar hyperventilation with
hypoxemia?
I. Pneumonia
II. Pulmonary Edema
III. ARDS
IV. Pain, anxiety and fear
a. I, II, and III
b. I , II, III, and IV
c. I, II and III only
d. II, III, and IV only
What impact would dobutamine and dopamine have on LVSWI?
a. Both would increase it
b. Both would decrease it
c. dobutamine would increase it while dopamine would decrease it
d. dopamine would increase it while dobutamine would decrease it
What is the approximate volume of anatomic deadspace?
a. 1 mL/lb of ideal body weight
b. 2.2 mL/lb of ideal body weight
c. 2.2 mL/kg actual body weight
d. 1 mL/kg of ideal body weight
What effects would late stage septic shock and CHF have on SV and CO?
a. The SV and CO would both decrease
b. The SV and CO would both increase
c. SV would decrease but CO would increase
d. SV would increase but CO would decrease
When a patient has a low PaO2 with a chronically high PaCO2, how is ventilation
exclusively controlled?
a. by the peripheral chemoreceptors
b. by the central chemoreceptors
c. by the VRG and DRG
d. by the apneustic center
When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline, how do the kidneys respond?
a. They excrete HCO3- into the urine
b. They excrete HCO3- into the blood
c. They add PCO2 into the blood
d. They trigger the respiratory centers to hyperventilate
