Richard worked very hard on his grades and worked after school part time to be able to
afford tutors to help him advance his education. When he was named valedictorian of
his class, he earned a certain status. The best term to describe the form of status that
Richard earned is ________.
A) reference group affiliation
B) achieved status
C) classification status
D) ascribed status
________ consumption occurs with objects and events that are considered to be
ordinary and everyday.
A) Profane
B) Sacred
C) Objectified
D) Ritualized
In Canada, product instructions and identifications are written in English and French.
To reach the most customers, the same instructions in the United States should be
written in English and ________.
A) French
B) German
C) Mandarin
D) Spanish
Which type of reinforcement best characterizes what an individual would typically
experience while fishing?
A) fixed-interval reinforcement
B) variable-interval reinforcement
C) fixed-ratio reinforcement
D) mixed-ratio reinforcement
Opinion leaders are more influential when they are ________.
A) much different than the people being influenced
B) quite similar to the people being influenced
C) older than the average consumer
D) wealthier than most consumers
A ________ is that part of the self that our group membership defines.
A) culture
B) subculture
C) social identity
D) cohort
Features actually used to differentiate among choices are called ________ attributes.
A) evaluation
B) search
C) determinant
D) segmentation
With respect to social organization, some barnyard animals exhibit signs of a
dominance-submission hierarchy. Which of the following terms best communicates
such a hierarchy?
A) dog-eat-dog
B) pecking order
C) follow-the-leader
D) king-of-the-hill
Participatory action research (PAR) is also known as ________.
A) consumer intervention research
B) transformative consumer research
C) social marketing research
D) consumer curation
Serial wardrobers are people who ________.
A) sell fake versions of real outfits
B) deface clothing and shoes
C) buy an outfit, wear it once, and return it
D) shop obsessively for trendy clothing
When someone steals your personal information and uses it without your permission,
you have been the victim of ________.
A) identity theft
B) data privacy
C) real-time shopping
D) bidding
Do sex-related ads work? Which of the following best answers this question?
A) Overall, the use of a strong sexual appeal is not very well received.
B) They outperform all other appeal formats.
C) They are most effective when they attempt to “trick” the consumer into paying
attention.
D) There is no data to answer the question.
J. P. Stevens always looks perfect in his business suit. The colors are always right for
the season and prevailing style. His tie has the proper knot, he does not wear a tie-tac,
his handkerchief is the proper “two-fingers” above the pocket, and his socks and shoes
do not distract from his overall look. Which of the following does J. P. seem to be
adhering to with his “correctness”?
A) enacted behaviors
B) customs
C) mores
D) conventions
Which of the following refers to the meanings we assign to sensory stimuli?
A) schema
B) semiotics
C) interpretation
D) perception
Brands like Colgate that are a part of a user’s every day existence likely relate to
customers with a(n) ________ type of relationship.
A) self-concept attachment
B) nostalgic attachment
C) interdependence
D) love
Amos always felt that it was unfair that society created artificial divisions that
discouraged him from having friends from different social structures. Which of the
following terms describes the process that Amos is having difficulty with?
A) reference group affiliation
B) bias
C) the “silver spoon” syndrome
D) social stratification
Instead of spending the weekend working on the research paper due at the end of next
week, Andrew decided to spend the weekend going out with friends. According to
Freudian theory, which system dominated in Adam’s decision?
A) the id
B) the superego
C) the anti-ego
D) the ego
________ are characteristics and behaviors that people stereotypically associate with
one gender or the other.
A) Androgynous traits
B) Sex-typed traits
C) Sexual dimporhic markers
D) Body dysmorphias
Why is age a common demographic category used in understanding consumer
behavior?
A) Different age groups have different needs and wants.
B) Age is easier to categorize than gender.
C) Generational groups tend to be similar.
D) all of the above
M-PESA, a mobile-phone-based money transfer service, was initially designed to meet
the needs of developing nations before being adapted elsewhere. M-PESA is an
example of a ________ innovation.
A) complex
B) reverse
C) social
D) meme
M-commerce most likely takes place through ________.
A) cell phones
B) billboards
C) radio satellite
D) TV
James is known as a techie. He is the go-to source for his friends when it comes to
recommendations on the best in the latest electronics. James is most likely a(n)
________.
A) fashionista
B) market maven
C) opinion leader
D) referent
Members of a social network are called ________.
A) followers
B) friends
C) nodes
D) modules
More than fifty percent of all Hispanic Americans are concentrated in just six American
metropolitan areas. Which of the following is NOTamong them?
A) Colorado
B) California
C) New York
D) Texas
A(n) ________ is an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived of having
significant relevance upon an individual’s evaluations, aspirations, or behavior.
A) opinion group
B) demographic group
C) reference group
D) focus group
Researchers measure ________ on dimensions that include “feel-age” and “look-age.”
A) chronological age
B) perceived age
C) age cohort
D) social age
Which of the following best defines what is implied by the symbolic self-completion
theory?
A) Consumers with low self-esteem tend to buy products that violate their self-concept.
B) Consumers who have an incomplete self-definition tend to buy products that
complete their identity.
C) Consumers delay purchases that conform to their actual self-image until their
self-concept is consistent with their social self.
D) Consumers select products that conform to their self-image through a process that is
largely subconscious.
Reference groups influence us in three ways. These influences include informational,
utilitarian, and ________ dimensions.
A) reputational
B) descriptive
C) knowledge
D) value-expressive
When Jane shops, she must feel the fabric of any potential clothing buy before she even
bothers to see what the design is. She has a high need to touch. Which sense system is
important to Jane in her clothing shopping?
A) visual
B) auditory
C) haptic
D) liminal
All of the following are relevant to a triple bottom-line orientation EXCEPT ________.
A) financial bottom line
B) growth bottom line
C) social bottom line
D) environmental bottom line
________ are wealthy individuals who are likely to suffer from status anxiety, trying to
display symbols of their success to make up for an internal lack of assurance about the
“correct” way to behave.
A) Old money consumers
B) The working wealthy
C) The nouveau riche
D) Typical millionaires