The process by which a person or group transmits information to another person or
group is:
A) encoding.
B) communication.
C) queuing.
D) personal communication.
The use of facts and logical arguments to influence another’s behavior is:
A) rational persuasion.
B) personal appeal.
C) legitimating.
D) exchange.
For many, a leader differs from a manager in that:
A) leadership involves the use of social influence and management does not.
B) leaders are concerned with implementation while management is concerned with
formulating and planning.
C) leadership is participative in nature and management is not.
D) leaders establish and formulate the mission, managers implement it.
Hiring one’s own relatives would be considered ethical in which of the following
countries?
A) India
B) Japan
C) Nigeria
D) China
One can prevent or diminish groupthink by:
A) breaking the larger group into subgroups.
B) encouraging members to keep their skepticism about solutions to themselves.
C) sticking to the decision once it is made.
D) doing all of the above.
Table 4.1
The HR director is reviewing personality files. She is reviewing the five dimensions of
personality. She notes that Jane is described as imaginative, curious, and urbane. Peter
is profiled as quiet, cautious, and reserved. Tim’s file describes him as down-to-earth,
simple, and narrow. The HR director reviews her own profile and sees that she is
described as sad and out of control.
Refer to Table 4.1. The HR director’s review of Jane is focusing on the personality
dimension of:
A) conscientiousness.
B) extroversion.
C) agreeableness.
D) openness to experience.
The distinctive, overarching “personality” of an organization is known as:
A) its subculture.
B) its dominant culture.
C) the organizational climate.
D) extrinsic task motivators.
According to expectancy theory, ________ represent what employees believe is
expected of them on the job.
A) performance norms
B) role perceptions
C) departmental impressions
D) normative judgments
Table 14.1
Graduate students are studying their university’s organizational culture. Tanya is
examining the extent to which the university makes it easy for students to register for
classes and for professors to get clerical support for their classes. Tia has focused on the
university’s concern about liability and how much it allows professors to experiment
with new teaching methods, conduct experiments in classes, etc. Bill has found that
there is little expectation that faculty will make independent decisions. Almost
everything has to pass through a committee. Students feel like mushrooms; they are
kept in the dark and dumped on. As a consequence, faculty members do their own thing
and go home. Alumni giving is minimal since most graduates are happy to escape.
There is little social consciousness on campus.
Refer to Table 14.1. Tia’s research is on the ________ element of organizational culture.
A) sensitivity to the needs of customers and employees
B) interest in having employees generate new ideas
C) willingness to take risks
D) openness of available communication opportunities
People’s satisfaction with their job is inclined to drop over time, from when they first
start in the position to later when they have experience in the position. This is known
as:
A) hangover effect.
B) social information processing.
C) honeymoon effect.
D) unfolding model of turnover.
In goal-path theory, the determinants of which leadership style is best include:
A) the strengths and skills of the leader.
B) the characteristics of subordinates.
C) the level of control present in the situation.
D) None of these.
For an individual to exercise expert power in an organization, he/she most likely also
has:
A) charisma power.
B) social influence power.
C) expert power.
D) legitimate power.
The superiority of the group or an individual depends on:
A) the nature of the task and the expertise of the people involved.
B) the framing of the problem and the decision model used to generate solutions.
C) who has the most experience dealing with the specific problem.
D) None of the above.
White men now represent less than ________ percent of the American workforce.
A) 50
B) 40
C) 30
D) 20
Thomas has worked under the same supervisor for 35 years and considers her a good
friend. His relationship with his supervisor is based on a(n)
A) relational contract.
B) transactional contract.
C) interpersonal contract.
D) social contract.
A technique of leadership development that involves a continuous process of learning
and reflection is called:
A) job enrichment.
B) action learning.
C) mentoring.
D) executive coaching.
Ken calls attention to his authority when making his requests. Ken is using:
A) exchange.
B) legitimating.
C) pressure.
D) collaboration.
Expectancy theory proposes that behavior is the result of ________.
A) expectancy
B) instrumentality
C) valence
D) All of the above
Research shows that the information communicated in organizational grapevines is
about ________ correct.
A) 25%
B) 42%
C) 55%
D) 82%
The best established finding about goal-setting is that:
A) employees resist goals they don’t have a part in setting.
B) the more impossible the goal, the better the performance.
C) several incremental goals are less motivating than one major goal.
D) performance increases with specific assigned goals.
________ is the process of reframing familiar problems in unique ways.
A) Productive forgetting
B) Divergent thinking
C) Intrinsic task motivation
D) Cross-functional symbiosis
Explicit statements about the company’s moral and ethical values are called:
A) statements of principle.
B) symbols.
C) experiences of shared meaning.
D) codes of ethics.
Table 13.4
A professor is working with five teams in his marketing research class. He decides to
experiment with path-goal theory in helping these groups accomplish their off-campus
studies. Group A has done a project for him before. He gets them setting challenging
goals and seeks to get them to produce an even better project this time. With Group B
he provides very specific guidelines, sets deadlines, and lays out the rules of the class
and project. He lets Group C manage their own task. He encourages them, works on
building a strong rapport with them, and tries to meet their needs related to the project.
By the time he gets to Group D, he discovers they’re already lost, confused, and a week
behind everyone else. He sets a work schedule for them and provides step-by-step
guidelines regarding the project so they won’t get confused or distracted again.
Refer to Table 13.4. With Group B, the professor is using:
A) an instrumental style.
B) a supportive style.
C) a participative style.
D) an achievement-oriented style.
Kohlberg’s theory of cognitive moral development includes which of the following
stages?
A) Preconventional level
B) Conventional level
C) Postconventional level
D) All of the above.
The fastest growing segment of the U.S. population is:
A) baby boomers.
B) minorities.
C) young people under 25.
D) people over 85.
The ________ identifies various factors that lead to people’s emotional reactions on the
job and how their reactions affect them.
A) core self-evaluation model
B) accommodative processing paradigm
C) assimilative processing schematic
D) affective events theory
When people repeat actions that have positive effects, and do not repeat actions that
have negative effects, they are demonstrating:
A) operant conditioning.
B) observational learning.
C) the transfer of training.
D) the law of effect.
When an engineer is asked to lead a sales team, the engineer has been assigned:
A) a change goal.
B) a professional development goal.
C) a vertical stretch goal.
D) a horizontal stretch goal.
George hates Jean because she got his promotion; now he wants to get even. This is an
example of what cause of conflict?
A) Grudges
B) Malevolent attributions
C) Destructive criticism
D) Distrust
To enrich a job, an employer might:
A) allow employees to decide how to do their jobs.
B) increase the number of tasks without increasing responsibilities.
C) horizontally load the job.
D) Do all of the above.
The fair process effect is associated with:
A) distributive justice.
B) informational justice.
C) procedural justice.
D) interpersonal justice.
The ________ describes how decision makers ideally ought to behave so as to make the
best possible decisions.
A) normative approach
B) goal-framing system
C) administrative approach
D) socio-economic paradigm