Approximately 60% of Hispanic Americans are of ________ descent.
A) Mexican
B) Puerto Rican
C) South American
D) Dominican
The immediate response by our eyes, nose, mouth, or fingers to such basic stimuli as
light, color, sound, odor, and texture is called ________.
A) reception
B) awareness
C) perception
D) sensation
A small company, Craig Inventions, produced a pill that had the nutrient value of a
healthy breakfast. The company put the product on the market as a substitute for
breakfast for busy people. The product failed. Craig Inventions then marketed the pill as
a diet product and it became very successful. What does the example best demonstrate?
A) The company did not position the product well. It was difficult to convince
consumers that a pill was a breakfast on the superordinate level; however, it did appear
to fit appropriately within the superordinate category of diet pills.
B) The company confused a subordinate level with a basic level of categorization,
which led to the company’s failure to identify the product’s most important competitors.
C) The company confused a superordinate level with a subordinate level of
categorization.
D) The determinant attributes between diet pills and breakfast were not sufficiently
strong.
Meagan is planning her wedding and wants everything to be just right, from the
invitations and table settings to the ceremony and music selections. Because she feels
overwhelmed by all of the information to sort through and the choices to make, she
hires a wedding planner to make many of the decisions and purchases for her. Meagan’s
wedding planner is best described as a(n) ________.
A) innovative communicator
B) surrogate consumer
C) opinion seeker
D) key informant
All multiattribute attitude models specify the importance of three elements. Two of
those elements are attributes and beliefs. What is the third element?
A) action variables
B) motivations
C) recency of events
D) importance weights
When a product helps to establish the user’s identity, the user is said to have a(n)
________ type of relationship with the product.
A) self-concept attachment
B) nostalgic attachment
C) interdependence
D) love
What term refers to desired end states that can apply to many different cultures?
A) instrumental values
B) more
C) terminal values
D) norms
Chet meets each Wednesday night at his local bookstore with a small group of computer
enthusiasts. The group calls itself X-Hackers because at one time all of these select
members were hackers. Today, members of the group have similar values and have
pledged to stop computer hacking. Which membership group factor best describes what
brings this group together?
A) propinquity
B) mere exposure
C) group cohesiveness
D) avoidance
Behavioral learning theorists do not focus on internal thought processes; rather, they
look to external evidence to study learning. What aspects of the environment are of
most concern to behaviorists in studying learning?
A) energy and work
B) stimulus and response
C) thought and memory
D) sensation and perception
Consumers use a set of products called a(n) ________ to define, communicate, and
perform social roles.
A) brand prominence group
B) consumption constellation
C) restricted code
D) elaborated code
Rick Tuan has a unique problem. He must persuade a good friend to stop smoking. He
knows that if he just says “Quit,” his message will be rejected. Instead, Rick chooses to
offer a ________ message in which he presents the positives and negatives of quitting
smoking. He feels sure that this approach will have a greater likelihood of success with
his friend.
A) supportive
B) low-involvement
C) two-sided
D) refutational
When companies make false claims about how environmentally friendly their products
are, ________ has occurred.
A) phishing
B) greenwashing
C) eco-lying
D) deceptive advertising
In the diffusion of innovation process, which group is very slow to adopt new products
and constitutes one-sixth of the population?
A) innovators
B) early adopters
C) late adopters
D) laggards
When Japanese cars first became popular in the United States, some drivers of domestic
cars placed bumper stickers on their vehicles that stated “Hungry? Eat your foreign car.”
These stickers encouraged people to support local workers and keep an American
advantage in the balance of trade between Japan and the United States. The attitude
expressed by the stickers is best described as ________.
A) national inertia
B) lexicographic determinism
C) stereotyping
D) ethnocentrism
According to the sociological tradition of ________, relationships with other people
play a large part in forming the self.
A) self-image congruence
B) self-completion theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) body cathexis
Which of the following refers to the process by which the way a word sounds
influences the listener’s assumptions about what the word describes?
A) sound symbolism
B) audio watermarking
C) semiotics
D) the principle of similarity
A(n) ________ refers to a set of beliefs and the way we organize those beliefs in our
minds.
A) mental accounting
B) knowledge structure
C) rational perspective
D) influence perspective
If a woman gets compliments after wearing Obsession perfume, she is more likely to
keep buying the product and wearing it. What type of instrumental conditioning has
occurred in the situation?
A) neutral reinforcement
B) positive reinforcement
C) negative reinforcement
D) symbolic reinforcement
A digital native is someone who ________.
A) grew up in a “wired” and highly networked world
B) uses alternate reality games frequently
C) participates in database marketing
D) belongs to a consumption community
Through the process of ________, people try to “manage” what others think of them by
strategically choosing clothing and other products.
A) impression management
B) self-extension
C) self-esteem
D) social comparison
Of the following, a proponent of ________ would be most likely to argue that our
society emphasizes science and technology too much.
A) consumerism
B) positivism
C) modernism
D) interpretivism
People in every culture adorn or alter their bodies in some way. Decorating the self
serves a number of purposes. Which of the following is NOT one of those purposes?
A) to separate group members from non-group members
B) to place the individual in the social organization
C) to enhance sex-role identification
D) to indicate expected life-span
Our brains tend to relate incoming sensations to others already in memory, based on
some fundamental organizational principles. These principles derive from ________, a
school of thought that maintains that people interpret meaning from the totality of a set
of stimuli rather than from any individual stimulus.
A) Freudian psychology
B) Gestalt psychology
C) Simmons psychology
D) the Covey approach
Recent research on opinion leadership has called into question the traditional view that
there are ________ opinion leaders.
A) heterophilous
B) generalized
C) polymorphic
D) monomorphic
When marketers embed brand messages in social games, they are seeking to influence
consumer behavior through the ________ determinant of diffusion.
A) social proof
B) observability
C) compatibility
D) trialability
We tend to marry people in a similar social class to our own. Sociologists call this
________, or assortative mating.
A) marriage complementarity
B) homogamy
C) monogamy
D) status crystallization
The aspect of a cultural system which describes the mental characteristics of a people
and the way they relate to their environment and social groups is known as ________.
A) ecology
B) social structure
C) ideology
D) anthropology
________ is a low-involvement medium because the role of the audience is passive,
while ________ is a high-involvement medium because the role of the audience is
active.
A) Television, print
B) Print, television
C) Internet, television
D) Billboard, broadcast
When a product is part of a user’s daily routine, the user is said to have a(n) ________
type of relationship with the product.
A) self-concept attachment
B) nostalgic attachment
C) interdependence
D) love
Elizabeth created a print ad in which the coach of a football team was shown standing
out in the middle of a hay field. The text read, “UNR’s Coach Roberts . . . outstanding in
his field.” Elizabeth was using a literary device called ________.
A) metaphor
B) simile
C) allegory
D) resonance
In an online ________, members share opinions and recommendations about products.
A) market segment
B) consumption community
C) marketing database
D) culture jam