According to the exposure factor leading to adaptation, frequently encountered stimuli
________ as the rate of exposure increases.
A) adapt
B) habituate
C) prime
D) overload
One of the principles of psychophysics is that changes in the physical environment are
not always matched by equal changes perceptually. If Madison Wilson were creating a
new drink, what would psychophysics tell her?
A) She could make the drink twice as sweet by adding twice the amount of sugar.
B) She would need to research how the perception of “sweetness” changed by the
amount of sugar added.
C) She would need to look at the subliminal aspects of “sweetness.”
D) She would need to create promotions to tell customers how “sweet” the new drink is.
Interest in the occult is most likely to increase in a society when ________.
A) economic conditions begin to improve
B) there has been a major triumph, such as winning a war
C) people feel overwhelmed or powerless
D) people become less religious
Hillary is a typical teenager. She sees and hears ads all the time. Most of the time they
are pretty good, but some ads have a trait that really bothers her. What is that trait most
likely to be?
A) ads that focus on product features
B) ads that talk down to her
C) humorous product ads
D) lengthy product ads
Mary Nabholz travels the same way to work every day. She notices advertisements in
store windows when the ads first go up. However, after a few days, Mary no longer
pays any attention to these ads because they have become familiar. Which of the
following personal selection factors is affecting Mary Nabholz’s response to the ads?
A) perceptual vigilance
B) perceptual defense
C) contrast
D) adaptation
Ralf and his brother had a business in a Midwest college town taking SUVs and
modifying them into tailgating machines. These “awesome party wagons” were
equipped with the owner’s desired team logo on the front, side, and back; gas grills; and
large beverage coolers. Their business boomed, especially when the university had a
winning season. Ralf and his brother were creating and selling what could be best
described as ________.
A) myth carriers
B) ritual artifacts
C) symbolic exchange objects
D) attitudinal reciprocity products
When the ________ rule of decision-making is used, the brand that is the best on the
most important attribute is the one selected.
A) elimination-by-aspects
B) conjunctive
C) compensatory decision
D) lexicographic
Which of the following people is an example of a consumed consumer?
A) cyberbully
B) prostitute
C) single mother
D) shopaholic
Harry was the lead singer in a band that hit it big. For his birthday, Harry had two
hundred friends flown by chartered jets to a private island in the South Pacific. They ate
the most expensive food, and every morning the bungalows were burned to the ground
and rebuilt for the next night. Harry’s party is a good example of ________.
A) parody display
B) social mobility
C) ascribed status
D) conspicuous consumption
People who supply online product reviews are called ________.
A) media recipients
B) media broadcasters
C) brand advocates
D) folksonomists
As a relationship grows and progresses, gift giving tends to become more ________.
A) exchange oriented
B) reciprocal
C) altruistic
D) reformulated
Die-hard Apple fans post videos on YouTube claiming their affection for Apple
products. They could be said to have a(n) ________ type of relationship with the
product.
A) self-concept attachment
B) nostalgic attachment
C) interdependence
D) love
Researchers primarily see the gift-giving ritual as one of ________ exchange.
A) transactional
B) stylistic
C) psychological
D) economic
Which of the following is NOT one of the four levels of the extended self?
A) family level
B) community level
C) social level
D) individual level
Which of the following best describes the findings of research on using two-sided
messages to communicate with consumers?
A) Two-sided messages are widely used and are very effective in reaching target
audiences.
B) Two-sided messages are cost-prohibitive.
C) Two-sided messages can be quite effective, yet marketers rarely use them.
D) Two-sided messages are no different from one-sided messages and are used equally
by marketers.
Which of the following issues is related to consumer behavior?
A) consumerism
B) literacy
C) product disposal
D) all of the above are related
If the super rich bought “shredded Levi’s jeans” to wear to formal parties, they would be
exhibiting a sophisticated form of conspicuous consumption known as ________.
A) parody display
B) invidious distinction
C) downsizing
D) elaborated codes
Every summer, thousands of bikers converge on Sturgis, South Dakota, filling up every
campground, motel, and hotel within miles of the city. This annual meeting is an
example of a gathering of a(n) ________.
A) normative clan
B) consumer tribe
C) maven network
D) aspirational group
An advertisement emphasizes that if a consumer uses a certain deodorant he or she will
not offend other people and will not cause problems in the workplace because of bad
body odor. What part of the Freudian system is this ad appealing to?
A) the id
B) the superego
C) the anti-ego
D) the ego
People and institutions that teach the ways of a culture are called ________.
A) progressive learning models
B) ethnography facilitators
C) host cultures
D) acculturation agents
Crescive norms are ________.
A) strict “must do” rules of behavior in a society
B) followed only by the females of a culture
C) associated with monetary rewards and punishments
D) subtle rules discovered as we interact with others
A ________ orientation dimension distinguishes between people who prefer to do one
thing at a time and those who have multitasking timestyles.
A) social
B) polychronic
C) planning
D) temporal
What do the “A, B, Cs” of the ABC model of attitudes stand for?
A) attitude, business, and consumption
B) affect, behavior, and cognition
C) assumptions, best practices, conditions
D) approval, behavior, context
________ is a physiological or psychological dependency on products or services.
A) Consumer terrorism
B) Consumer addiction
C) Consumerism
D) Materialism
Esso (now Exxon in the United States) used the work of Ernest Dichter to influence its
“Put a Tiger in Your Tank” ad campaign. Which of the following conclusions formed
the rationale for the famous campaign?
A) Orange and black are two of the most powerful colors in the color spectrum.
B) The tiger supplies powerful animal symbolism and conveys vaguely sexual
undertones.
C) The size of the tiger enhances a male’s ego.
D) The playful nature of the tiger is appealing to female consumers.
Which of the following is the best predictor of whether people will recycle?
A) education
B) gender
C) perceived effort required
D) income
A new Green Giant ad campaign relied on the ________ when it used a redesigned
package for Green Giant products that showed the Green Giant in a “sea of green.” It
was felt that the Green Giant products were now unified under a common design
banner.
A) principle of similarity
B) figure-ground principle
C) subliminal principle
D) closure principle
The ideal self is a person’s conception of how she ________.
A) adapts to play different roles
B) imagines others to think of her
C) would like to be
D) realistically thinks she is
Mr. Patterson is 57 years old. His annual household income is $500,000. He has been
married to the same woman most of his adult life. He doesn’t spend much on clothing.
According to research, how is Mr. Patterson different from the typical American
millionaire?
A) He is older.
B) He has a long-standing marriage.
C) His household income is greater.
D) He doesn’t spend as much on clothing.
The ________ assumes that people link very specific product attributes to terminal
values.
A) knowledge structure theory
B) means-end chain model
C) diffusion of innovation
D) cultural production system model
Based on motivational research, which of the following consumption motives most
likely explains a person’s motivation to purchase gourmet foods, foreign cars, or
perfume?
A) security
B) eroticism
C) disalienation
D) individuality
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the consumption process?
A) desire
B) pre-purchase
C) purchase
D) post-purchase
Jeff had collected a nice wardrobe before graduating from college. All of his friends
considered him “well dressed.” After the first day at his new job, however, Jeff
immediately went out and replaced most of his clothes with what was considered to be
professional dress clothing. Jeff had just experienced the power of a new ________.
A) reference group
B) information cascade
C) avoidance group
D) brand community
Word-of-mouth communication in the form of brand-specific mentions in social media
are called ________.
A) influence cascades
B) influence impressions
C) social objects
D) generalized opinion leadership