67) What are the different types of off-price retailers?
68) How does a retailer cooperative function?
69) Describe the levels of service that retailers can offer. Provide an example of each type of
retailer.
70) Identify and describe the different types of retailers, based on their product lines. Provide
an example of each type of retailer.
71) Describe the different types of off-price retailers. Provide examples of each type.
72) Although many retail stores are independently owned, others band together under some
form of corporate or contractual organization. Describe the four kinds of corporate or
contractual organizations.
73) Describe the differences between chain stores and franchises.
74) In recent years, service differentiation among retailers has ________.
A) increased at a steady rate
B) decreased
C) stayed the same
D) increased exponentially
E) tripled
75) Changes to service differentiation include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) smarter customers
B) decreased services at department stores
C) more price-sensitive consumers
D) customers’ willingness to pay more for identical brands
E) increased services from discounters
76) Daizy’s is a shop that carries only plus-size clothing. According to this information, Daizy’s
differentiates itself from its competitors based on ________.
A) service mix
B) pricing
C) product assortment
D) store atmosphere
E) distribution strategy
77) ________ were the main form of retail clusters until the 1950s.
A) Strip malls
B) Discount stores
C) Independent off-price retailers
D) Central business districts
E) Regional shopping malls
78) A large retailer of home improvement and construction products offers “how-to” classes for
do-it-yourselfers, featuring instructions on how to complete home improvement projects using
products sold at its stores. This is an example of how the retailer has differentiated itself
through its ________.
A) product assortment
B) services mix
C) segmentation
D) atmosphere
E) pricing
79) Until retailers ________ their markets, they cannot make consistent decisions about product
assortment, services, pricing, or advertising.
A) create
B) communicate with
C) divide up
D) define and profile
E) design products for
80) A ________ contains from 50 to 100 stores, is like a covered mini-downtown, and attracts
customers from a wide area.
A) community shopping center
B) neighborhood shopping center
C) central business district
D) regional shopping center
E) strip mall
81) Upon determining who will want the product, retailers must determine in more detail how
to ________ in those markets.
A) differentiate and position themselves
B) market themselves
C) entice customers to them
D) offer the correct products
E) properly price the product offerings
82) A ________ contains between 15 and 50 retail stores, including a department or variety
store, a supermarket, specialty stores, professional offices, and sometimes a bank.
A) community shopping center
B) neighborhood shopping center
C) strip mall
D) regional shopping center
E) power center
83) In addition to segmenting and targeting the correct market, which of the following is NOT
an area in which marketers must make decisions?
A) product assortment
B) services mix
C) store’s atmosphere
D) using experiential retailing
E) manufacturing schedules
84) A ________ generally contains between 5 and 15 stores. It is close and convenient for
consumers, usually contains a supermarket, perhaps a discount store, and several service stores
such as a dry cleaner, a drugstore, and a hardware store.
A) regional shopping center
B) community shopping center
C) neighborhood shopping center
D) warehouse club
E) factory outlet
85) An ideal price policy scenario for retailers would be to achieve ________ while earning
________.
A) low volume; high markups
B) low volume; low markups
C) high volume; high markups
D) high volume; low markups
E) high volume; zero markups
86) In-store demonstrations, displays, sales, and loyalty programs are examples of ________.
A) direct marketing
B) sales promotion
C) public relations
D) personal selling
E) affinity marketing
87) Neighborhood shopping centers are also known as ________.
A) power centers
B) lifestyle centers
C) warehouse clubs
D) strip malls
E) regional shopping centers
88) Press conferences, speeches, store openings, special events, newsletters, and store
magazines are examples of ________ activities used by retailers to promote themselves.
A) public relations
B) sales promotions
C) personal selling
D) affinity marketing
E) social marketing
89) Digital promotions have grown in usage and include e-mail, social media, Web sites, and
________.
A) demonstrations
B) displays
C) store flyers
D) newsletters
E) online ads and video
90) Which of the following is most likely gained by stores that cluster together?
A) decreased competition
B) increased customer pulling power
C) compliance with franchise agreements
D) creation of retailer cooperatives
E) standardization of the service mix
91) A ________ is a group of retail businesses built on a site that is planned, developed, owned,
and managed as a unit.
A) warehouse club
B) franchise
C) shopping center
D) supermarket
E) hypermarket
92) Most shopping centers are ________.
A) strip malls
B) regional shopping malls
C) community shopping centers
D) lifestyle centers
E) power centers
93) ________ are huge unenclosed shopping centers consisting of a long strip of retail stores,
including at least one large, freestanding anchor store like Walmart. Each store has its own
entrance with parking directly in front for shoppers who wish to visit only one store.
A) Shopping malls
B) Power centers
C) Superstores
D) Chain stores
E) Regional shopping centers
94) A small, open-air mall with upscale stores, convenient locations, and nonretail activities,
such as a playground, skating rink, hotel, dining establishments, and a movie theater, is an
example of a ________.
A) regional shopping center
B) lifestyle center
C) community shopping center
D) franchise
E) power center
95) Springfield, a convenience store, has recently begun to redesign and restock its stores to
offer a more upscale environment with products such as house wines and fresh foods. This
information indicates that Springfield has most likely changed its ________.
A) positioning
B) price strategy
C) service level
D) corporate identity
E) organizational structure
96) Cabela’s stores are as much natural history museums for outdoor enthusiasts as they are
retail outlets. This information indicates that Cabela’s is practicing ________.
A) wholesaling
B) nonstore retailing
C) shopper marketing
D) experiential retailing
E) showrooming
97) Big and Tall Men’s Shop carries men’s clothing in larger sizes; this allows the store to
________ other stores.
A) align itself with
B) differentiate itself from
C) cluster with
D) affect the store atmosphere of
E) converge with
98) The lighting in Jake’s Steak Restaurant is dim. The chairs are covered in leather and each
table is covered with a white linen cloth. The colors are limited to earth tones with an
occasional splash of red. Patrons cannot hear any kitchen noises, only a pleasant melody that
seems familiar but unrecognizable. The smells are extraordinarily varied. This is a description
of the restaurant’s ________.
A) promotions
B) target
C) atmosphere
D) services mix
E) product assortment
99) Which of the following best describes a similarity between Costco and Walmart?
A) Both are warehouse clubs.
B) Both target the same affluent market.
C) Both are specialty stores.
D) Both use everyday low pricing.
E) Both are examples of merchant wholesalers.
100) Macy’s department stores carry a wide range of product lines, including clothing, jewelry,
kitchenware, and home furnishings. Macy’s typically charges a relatively high markup, but also
holds frequent sales and price promotions, in particular offering discounts to customers who
use a Macy’s credit card. Macy’s uses ________.
A) self-service retailing
B) experiential retailing
C) high-low pricing
D) everyday low pricing
E) retail convergence
101) Which of the following is most likely true about shoppers who prefer to shop at “lifestyle
centers”?
A) They use coupons.
B) They prefer upscale stores.
C) They prefer indoor shopping locations.
D) They rarely dine out in expensive restaurants.
E) They are motivated by deals on last year’s merchandise.
Refer to the scenario below to answer the following question(s).
In the 1970s, Shipshewana was only a small town with a hardware store, a grain mill, a shoe
store, a small restaurant, and a grocery store. Over the next two decades, the small town
transformed into an international tourist attraction, attracting thousands of tourists who were
intrigued by the lifestyle of Shipshewana’s largest population—the Amish.
Ben and Mary Miller, having grown up within the Amish faith, decided to capitalize on their
town’s popularity and their woodworking skills. Their shop, Indiana Wood, began with a small
display of handmade hickory rocking chairs, Ben Miller’s specialty. But within a few months,
the display at Indiana Wood included picnic tables, flower boxes, and small handmade novelty
items. No other shop offers the same variety.
Mary Miller decorated the shop’s display room with authentic Amish décor and eventually
hired three Amish friends to sew and embroider napkins and other textiles as customers had
requested such items. In addition, two women from the Amish community sought permission
from the Millers to display home-baked pastries and jellies on Tuesdays and Wednesdays,
when Shipshewana attracts swarms of visitors to its flea market on the south edge of town. The
Millers also hired four more people to help customers throughout the purchasing process and to
provide the required product-related information to the customers.
“Shipshewana is full of specialty shops,” Mary Miller stated. “People don’t come here to buy
things made in China or Taiwan. They want real, Amish-made goods.”
102) The authentic Amish décor of Indiana Wood’s contributes to the store’s ________.
A) product assortment
B) services mix
C) atmosphere
D) segmentation
E) retail convergence
103) Retailers first must position themselves in a market and then decide how they will define
the target customers in these markets.
104) Retailers must work to ensure customers identify with their products. Differentiation and
positioning are vital to communicating this message.
105) The colors, layout, and music in a store or a product package are only minor aspects of the
shopping experience and marketers spend little time making decisions about them.
106) A neighborhood shopping center has from 50 to more than 100 stores.
107) A strip mall contains between 5 and 15 retail stores.
108) Explain how Whole Foods is able to compete against Walmart.
109) What attracts shoppers to a power center?
110) Explain how Whole Foods is able to compete against Walmart.
111) What elements comprise a store’s atmosphere?
112) How do the practices of high-low pricing and everyday low pricing differ?
113) How have shopping centers changed in the past few decades?
114) The three types of shopping centers are regional shopping centers, community shopping
centers, and neighborhood shopping centers/strip malls. Describe how they are different from
each other.
115) Many retailers are now experimenting with limited-time shops that allow them to promote
their brands to seasonal shoppers and create buzz in busy areas. Which of the following terms
best represents such shops?
A) power centers
B) strip malls
C) pop-up stores
D) category killers
E) lifestyle centers
116) Target recently opened temporary shops to celebrate limited-run collections by Jason Wu
in Toronto and Missoni in New York. These temporary shops are examples of ________.
A) lifestyle centers
B) pop-up stores
C) warehouse clubs
D) strip malls
E) category killers