Name:
Class:
Date:
True / False
1. The values that make up an organization’s culture are often taken for granted.
a.
True
b.
False
True
2. Myths may be part of an organization’s culture.
a.
True
b.
False
True
3. The statement “the customer is always right” is an example of a cultural value.
a.
True
b.
False
True
4. Symbolic stories effectively transmit the complex concepts of an organization’s culture.
a.
True
b.
False
True
5. Innovation and organization culture are not generally related.
a.
True
b.
False
False
6. Strong organizational cultures are always better than weak organizational cultures.
a.
True
b.
False
False
7. When an organization’s enacted values contradict its espoused values, new employees adopt the espoused values.
a.
True
b.
False
False
8. An organization’s culture can vary across divisions and even across managers.
a.
True
b.
False
True
9. A company intranet that is rarely updated can still have a strong effect on company culture as long as its content is
good.
a.
True
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
False
False
10. Intranets that contain “like it or not?” feedback tools and features that allow employees to contribute reflect a
participative culture that values employee contributions.
a.
True
b.
False
True
11. Entrepreneurial types of activities are typically welcome within large organizations.
a.
True
b.
False
False
12. Innovation involves targeted aspects of the organization.
a.
True
b.
False
False
13. Research into the process of socialization indicates that socialization programs change new employees’ values,
a.
True
b.
False
False
14. Employees are socialized into organizations through observation alone.
a.
True
b.
False
False
15. Not all firms have cultural values that are consistent with high performance.
a.
True
b.
False
True
16. Due to the difficulty of changing organizational culture, no major company has ever managed to change its culture.
a.
True
b.
False
False
17. Managers interested in changing cultures should attempt to substitute stories and myths that support old cultural
values with stories and myths that support new ones.
a.
True
b.
False
True
Name:
Class:
Date:
18. A major obstacle to changing an organization’s culture is that upper-level managers may sometimes inadvertently
revert to old patterns of behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
True
19. A major obstacle to changing an organization’s culture is that even if the culture is successfully changed, it’s likely to
change back shortly after.
a.
True
b.
False
False
20. Most managers are not in a position to create an organizational culture.
a.
True
b.
False
True
21. Organizational culture is independent of organizational performance.
a.
True
b.
False
False
22. If a company’s top managers engage in illegal or unethical behavior, these are the enacted values and norms of the
firm.
a.
True
b.
False
True
23. Assumptions are highly resistant to change.
a.
True
b.
False
True
24. Strong cultures are always better than weak cultures.
a.
True
b.
False
False
25. A dominating conflict culture is passive and disagreeable.
a.
True
b.
False
False
Multiple Choice
Name:
Class:
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26. The values that make up organization culture are often ____.
a.
discussed among employees.
b.
popularized in the company.
c.
taken for granted.
d.
used a strategic planning tool.
e.
celebrated on a monthly basis.
c
27. Organizational culture helps people in an organization understand
a.
which actions are considered acceptable and which are considered unacceptable.
b.
why their firm is outperforming the competition.
c.
how to improve their relations with customers.
d.
when to best socialize new employees.
e.
which types of problems are likely to arise in their company.
a
28. All of the following statements are true about innovation EXCEPT
a.
there are many risks associated with being an innovative company.
b.
innovation is the process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace.
c.
one of the biggest challenges is using innovative technology in a cost-effective manner.
d.
true organizational innovation is pervasive throughout the organization.
e.
only small organizations can truly be innovative.
e
29. Incremental innovations
a.
are rarely necessary for radical or systems innovations.
b.
are major breakthroughs that change or create industries.
c.
occur much less frequently than radical and systems innovations.
d.
force organizations to continuously improve their products.
e.
create new functionality by assembling parts in new ways.
d
30. According to Fortune magazine, the most admired organizations are those that are the most ____.
a.
profitable.
b.
successful.
c.
innovative.
d.
functional.
e.
improved.
c
31. Intrapreneurship
a.
is most effective as a rare event in the organization.
b.
is most effective when it occurs in the research and development department alone.
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c.
occurs both inside and outside the organization.
d.
gives new organizations an edge over existing organizations.
e.
is entrepreneurial activity that takes place within the organization.
32. Ben wants to take advantage of the existing culture of his organization. To do this, Ben must first
a.
achieve productivity through people.
b.
empower his employees.
c.
be fully aware of the culture’s values.
d.
practice hands-on management.
e.
implement cultural innovations.
33. Organization culture can be managed by
a.
sticking to the knitting.
b.
conducting in-depth research and evaluation.
c.
allowing autonomy and entrepreneurship.
d.
taking advantage of the culture that is already there.
e.
staying close to the customer.
d
34. All of the following statements are true about socialization EXCEPT
a.
it is usually something that can be accomplished in a day-long new employee orientation program.
b.
it occurs in organizations in much the same way as it occurs in society.
c.
it is the process through which individuals learn acceptable behavior.
d.
socialization programs do not necessarily change employees’ values.
e.
employees who are socialized into an organization usually accept the actual cultural values rather than the
formal values of the organization.
35. All of the following are mechanisms that can affect the socialization of workers EXCEPT
a.
reading corporate statements about organization culture.
b.
observing experienced employees.
c.
reading corporate pamphlets.
d.
attending formal training.
e.
All of these are mechanisms.
36. Culture resists change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a.
it is typically communicated through stories and symbols.
b.
it embodies the basic values in the firm.
c.
it changes so frequently that employees begin to resist further change.
d.
it is often taken for granted.
Name:
Class:
Date:
e.
it involves changing basic assumptions.
c
37. _________ is a system of shared norms and assumptions that guides organization members’ attitudes and behaviors.
a.
An enacted value
b.
An espoused value
c.
An artifact
d.
Organizational culture
e.
Diversity
d
38. An organization’s culture takes a _________ time to evolve, and it takes a _________ time to change it.
a.
short, long
b.
long, short
c.
short, short
d.
long, long
e.
moderate, moderate
d
39. Which of the following is NOT a common theme of organizational culture?
a.
being casual or formal
b.
innovation
c.
ethics
d.
collaboration
e.
All of these are common themes of organizational culture.
e
40. A(n) _________ is a physical manifestation of an organization’s culture.
a.
enacted value
b.
espoused value
c.
artifact
d.
assumption
e.
formal practice
c
41. Origin stories, ceremonies, rituals, and dress codes are all examples of
a.
enacted values.
b.
espoused values.
c.
artifacts.
d.
assumptions.
e.
formal practices.
c
42. _________ values and norms are the preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization.
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
Enacted
b.
Espoused
c.
Artifact
d.
Assumed
e.
Formal
b
43. _________ values and norms are the values and norms that employees exhibit based on their observations of what
actually goes on in the organization.
a.
Enacted
b.
Espoused
c.
Artifact
d.
Assumed
e.
Formal
a
44. _________ are those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core
of the company’s culture.
a.
Enacted values
b.
Espoused values
c.
Artifacts
d.
Assumptions
e.
Formal practices
d
45. An organization’s assumptions are _________ and _________ resistant to change.
a.
written down, moderately
b.
explicit, not
c.
explicit, highly
d.
implicit, not
e.
implicit, highly
e
46. If a business strategy and corporate culture are pulling in two different directions, the _________ will win _________.
a.
strategy, unless the culture is really strong
b.
strategy, no matter how strong the culture is
c.
culture, unless the strategy is extremely good
d.
culture, no matter how good the strategy is
e.
none of these
d
47. In a ______________ culture, the reaction to the arrival of the plant manager is: “Heads up! The plant manager is
coming onto the production floor—look busy!”
a.
strong negative
Name:
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b.
strong positive
c.
weak negative
d.
weak positive
e.
moderate neutral
a
48. In a ______________ culture, employee values and behaviors are consistent with the organization’s values, and the
culture is resistant to change.
a.
strong negative
b.
strong positive
c.
weak negative
d.
weak positive
e.
moderate neutral
b
49. In a ______________ culture, employee values and behaviors are consistent with the organization’s values, and the
culture is receptive to change.
a.
strong negative
b.
strong positive
c.
weak negative
d.
weak positive
e.
moderate neutral
d
50. The strength or weakness of a culture reflects the degree to which the culture
a.
produces year-over-year bottom line growth.
b.
is consistent with the organization’s business strategy.
c.
is consistent with employee behaviors and values.
d.
promotes ethical behavior.
e.
resists change.
e
51. A conflict culture is a
a.
culture that is characterized by a lot of disagreement.
b.
set of shared norms for managing conflict.
c.
culture that attempts to avoid conflict as much as possible.
d.
set of shared norms for avoiding conflict.
e.
culture that is internally inconsistent.
b
52. _________ conflict management norms resolve conflict openly.
a.
Active
b.
Passive
c.
Agreeable
Name:
Class:
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d.
Disagreeable
e.
Strategic
a
53. _________ conflict management norms resolve conflict in a cooperative manner.
a.
Active
b.
Passive
c.
Agreeable
d.
Disagreeable
e.
Strategic
c
54. _________ conflict management norms resolve conflict in a competitive manner.
a.
Active
b.
Passive
c.
Agreeable
d.
Disagreeable
e.
Strategic
d
55. _________ conflict management norms tend to avoid addressing conflict.
a.
Active
b.
Passive
c.
Agreeable
d.
Disagreeable
e.
Strategic
b
56. Rather than dealing openly with conflict, a(n) _________ conflict culture resists conflict with tactics such as
withholding information or withdrawing from contact with coworkers.
a.
dominating
b.
collaborative
c.
strategic
d.
avoidant
e.
passive-aggressive
e
57. A(n) _________ conflict culture strives to preserve order and control and/or to maintain harmony and interpersonal
relationships.
a.
dominating
b.
collaborative
c.
strategic
d.
avoidant
e.
passive-aggressive
Name:
Class:
Date:
d
58. In a(n) _________ conflict culture, employees actively manage and resolve conflicts cooperatively to find the best
solution for all involved parties.
a.
dominating
b.
collaborative
c.
strategic
d.
avoidant
e.
passive-aggressive
d
59. In a(n) _________ conflict culture, open confrontations are accepted, as are heated arguments and threats.
a.
dominating
b.
collaborative
c.
strategic
d.
avoidant
e.
passive-aggressive
a
60. An organization’s culture of _________ reflects the extent to which majority members value efforts to increase
minority representation, and whether the qualifications and abilities of minority members are questioned.
a.
diversity
b.
strategy
c.
conflict
d.
inclusion
e.
multiculturalism
d
61. The positivity or negativity of a culture reflects the degree to which the culture
a.
produces year-over-year bottom line growth.
b.
is consistent with the organization’s business strategy.
c.
is consistent with employee behaviors and values.
d.
promotes ethical behavior.
e.
resists change.
e
62. Because workgroups develop their own subcultures, _________ can be used to build a common cultural foundation.
a.
mass emails
b.
instant messaging programs
c.
bulletin boards
d.
intranets
e.
IRC channels
d
Name:
Class:
Date:
63. Intranets with a narrow scope can reinforce a culture of
a.
wisdom and humility.
b.
laziness and cheapness.
c.
focus and operational excellence.
d.
economy and efficiency.
e.
secrecy and information hoarding.
e
64. _________ is the process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace as products,
processes, or services.
a.
Organizational culture
b.
Intrapreneurship
c.
Entrepreneurship
d.
Innovation
e.
Strategy
d
65. A(n) _________ innovation is a major breakthrough that changes or creates whole industries.
a.
strategic
b.
radical
c.
systems
d.
incremental
e.
cultural
b
66. A(n) _________ innovation creates a new functionality by assembling existing parts in new ways.
a.
strategic
b.
radical
c.
systems
d.
incremental
e.
cultural
c
67. A(n) _________ innovation continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of other innovations.
a.
strategic
b.
radical
c.
systems
d.
incremental
e.
cultural
d
68. Which type of innovation is the most common?
a.
strategic
b.
radical
Name:
Class:
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c.
systems
d.
incremental
e.
cultural
d
69. Which type of innovation is the least common?
a.
strategic
b.
radical
c.
systems
d.
incremental
e.
cultural
b
70. Which type of innovation do other innovations often rely on?
a.
strategic
b.
radical
c.
systems
d.
incremental
e.
cultural
d
71. When the gasoline engine was combined with bicycle and carriage technology to create automobiles, that was an
example of which kind of innovation?
a.
strategic
b.
radical
c.
systems
d.
incremental
e.
cultural
c
72. The internet was an example of which kind of innovation?
a.
strategic
b.
radical
c.
systems
d.
incremental
e.
cultural
b
73. The profile of an entrepreneur typically includes each of the following EXCEPT
a.
a focus on concrete results
b.
a willingness to take risks
c.
an appreciation for the status quo
d.
a desire to assume responsibility
Name:
Class:
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e.
a need for achievement
c
74. The most common means of developing innovation in the traditional organization is through
a.
entrepreneurship
b.
intrapreneurship
c.
radical innovation
d.
corporate research
e.
a chief innovation officer
d
75. _________ is the process through which children learn to become adults in a society.
a.
Entrepreneurship
b.
Intrapreneurship
c.
Innovation
d.
Organizational socialization
e.
Socialization
e
76. In complex societies, the socialization process takes many
a.
days.
b.
weeks.
c.
months.
d.
years.
e.
centuries.
d
77. _________ is the process through which employees learn about their organization’s culture.
a.
Socialization
b.
Organizational socialization
c.
Innovation
d.
Entrepreneurship
e.
Intrapreneurship
b
78. What should a top manager who works in a company with performance-reducing values do?
a.
try to change the culture
b.
try to fire as many people as possible
c.
use restructuring to put all of the bad people in the same division
d.
use restructuring to dilute all of the bad people throughout the organization
e.
try to sell off the company to a competitor
a
79. What is the most important mechanism of organizational socialization?
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
formal training
b.
observing the behavior of others
c.
corporate pamphlets
d.
corporate statements
e.
none of these
b
80. When the culture they observe contradicts the culture formally espoused in corporate pamphlets, new employees come
to accept
a.
a mixture of the two.
b.
the pamphlets, unless they prefer the observed culture.
c.
the pamphlets, unless they’re really badly written.
d.
the actual cultural values rather than those formally espoused.
e.
the actual cultural values rather than those formally espoused, unless the pamphlets are particularly
convincing.
d
81. Changing an organization’s culture is a(n) _________ process.
a.
impossible
b.
quick and easy
c.
quick but difficult
d.
long but easy
e.
long and difficult
e
82. Research suggests that organization culture is understood and communicated through the use of
a.
observation alone.
b.
employee handbooks.
c.
psychological contracts.
d.
stories and symbols.
e.
raises and bonuses.
d
83. Southwest Airlines has a(n) __________ conflict culture.
a.
avoidant
b.
dominating
c.
collaborative
d.
passive-aggressive
e.
none of these
c
84. The silent treatment is most common within _________ conflict cultures.
a.
avoidant
b.
dominating
Name:
Class:
Date:
c.
collaborative
d.
passive-aggressive
e.
none of these
d
85. Intranets that are rarely updated can reflect a culture that ___________________
a.
does not value employee contributions.
b.
has poor internal communication.
c.
has poor attention to detail.
d.
all of these
e.
none of these
d
86. A centralized, heavily edited and filtered intranet reflects a culture in which information flows ______ freely and
employee contributions are _______ valued.
a.
somewhat, somewhat
b.
less, more
c.
more, less
d.
more, more
e.
less, less
e
87. Which of the following is NOT true about strong cultures?
a.
they are widely shared
b.
they clarify appropriate behavior
c.
they can enhance organizational performance
d.
they usually reduce organizational performance
e.
all of these are true of strong cultures
d
88. Evading open discussion of the conflict issue is most common within _____________ conflict cultures.
a.
avoidant
b.
dominating
c.
collaborative
d.
passive-aggressive
e.
none of these
a
89. A company that wants to promote a culture of openness and teamwork should ensure that its intranet has a
a.
broad scope.
b.
narrow scope.
c.
lot of censorship.
d.
limited update schedule.
Name:
Class:
Date:
e.
cluttered interface.
a
90. Athena’s company specializes in the design of tennis ball canisters, making them sturdier, cheaper, and easier to open.
This is an example of which type of innovation?
a.
radical
b.
incremental
c.
systems
d.
entrepreneurial
e.
strategic
b
91. Which of the following fits the profile of an entrepreneur?
a.
a need for stability
b.
low risk tolerance
c.
an appreciation for the status quo
d.
caution
e.
a desire to assume responsibility
e
92. Johnny thinks that changing an organization’s culture is like losing weight: It’s difficult and it can be done, but the
effect is usually temporary. Is Johnny correct?
a.
Yes, because once a culture is changed, it usually changes back.
b.
Yes, because once a culture starts to change, it’s hard for it to stop changing.
c.
No, because changing an organization’s culture is impossible.
d.
No, because changing an organization’s culture is easy.
e.
No, because once a culture is changed, it tends to stick.
e
Multiple Response
93. Dominating conflict cultures have which of the following conflict management norms? Select ALL that apply.
a.
active
b.
passive
c.
agreeable
d.
disagreeable
e.
strategic
a, d
94. Collaborative conflict cultures have which of the following conflict management norms? Select ALL that apply.
a.
active
b.
passive
c.
agreeable
d.
disagreeable
Name:
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Date:
e.
strategic
a, c
95. Avoidant conflict cultures have which of the following conflict management norms? Select ALL that apply.
a.
active
b.
passive
c.
agreeable
d.
disagreeable
e.
strategic
b, c
96. Passive-aggressive conflict cultures have which of the following conflict management norms? Select ALL that apply.
a.
active
b.
passive
c.
agreeable
d.
disagreeable
e.
strategic
b, d
97. Which of the following are mechanisms of organizational socialization? Select ALL that apply.
a.
psychological contracts
b.
observation of others
c.
corporate statements
d.
intrapreneurship
e.
training programs
b, c, e
98. Which of the following are obstacles to changing organizational culture? Select ALL that apply.
a.
changing cultures requires changing people’s deeply held beliefs
b.
some cultures enhance organizational performance, while others hinder it
c.
even if a culture is changed, it’s likely to change back
d.
managers may sometimes inadvertently revert to old patterns of behavior
e.
value systems are self-reinforcing
a, d, e
99. Which of the following are part of culture? Select ALL that apply.
a.
enacted values and norms
b.
espoused values and norms
c.
artifacts
d.
formal practices
e.
informal practice
a, b, c, d, e
100. Dominating conflict cultures have which of the following conflict management norms? Select ALL that apply.
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
active
b.
passive
c.
agreeable
d.
disagreeable
e.
strategic
a, d
Completion
101. Organization culture deals with the set of norms and __________ held by the members of an organization.
values
102. Assumptions are the values, often taken for _________, that define the core of an organization’s culture.
granted
103. Research suggests that organization culture is understood and communicated through the use of _________ and
symbols.
stories
104. ____________ innovation continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of other innovations.
Incremental
105. A ______________ innovation is a major breakthrough that changes or creates whole industries.
106. ________________ is the process through which individuals become social beings.
Socialization
107. The airplane is an example of a ______________ innovation.
radical
108. Hospitals often have _________ conflict cultures due to the many layers of authority and strong bureaucracy.
passive-aggressive
109. Research has supported the idea that pro-_________ cultures are related to lower turnover among Blacks, Whites,
and Hispanics.
diversity
110. A culture of _________ helps leverage the potential benefits of diversity.
inclusion
Matching
Match each of the following descriptions with the element of organizational culture it most clearly illustrates.
a.
The employee handbook at your new job states repeatedly that employees are the organization’s most prized
resource.
b.
Employee handbooks notwithstanding, you quickly discover that the management at your new job is stingy with
Name:
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raises and doesn’t care if employees quit.
c.
Paulo works in a laid-back office. It’s generally understood that if you work a few hours late one day, you can
come in a few hours late or leave a few hours early the next.
d.
To demonstrate its commitment to excellent customer service, Nikki’s company hands out an award each month to
the representative who received the most glowing customer feedback in an anonymous survey.
111. enacted value or norm
b
112. espoused value or norm
a
113. assumption
c
114. artifact
d
Six technologies or technological innovations are listed below. Match each with its corresponding type of innovation.
Some types of innovations may be used more than once.
a.
incremental innovation
b.
systems innovation
c.
radical innovation
115. Lou’s company designs a computer chip that is 15% faster and 5% smaller than the leading model.
a
116. Sonya’s company creates a laptop processor that produces less heat than any other on the market.
a
117. The computer.
c
118. The addition of cameras to mobile phones.
b
119. The mobile phone.
c
120. Kano’s company developed a mobile phone app that turns any mobile phone into a credit card reader.
b
Essay
121. Identify and thoroughly explain the four levels of organizational culture.
Answer not provided.
122. Define the three different types of innovation and explain the differences of each, with examples.
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123. How can a manager take advantage of the culture that already exists in an organization?
124. Identify and thoroughly discuss the four types of conflict cultures, using examples.
125. Discuss what it means to manage cultural symbols in an organization. Give an example of how a manager might do
this.